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In order to improve the engineering stability of saline soil of high chloride content in the Chaerhan salt lake region, six typical characteristics saline soil samples were selected, and tests on their... 相似文献
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以典型荒漠区原生盐碱荒地及开垦农田为研究对象,通过对比研究,以阐明原生盐碱荒地开垦后不同管理措施下土壤可溶盐总量的变化规律,开垦后土壤剖面中可溶盐总量的垂直分布和季节变化规律。结果表明：开垦显著降低了0～50 cm土壤的可溶性盐含量,开垦达100 a以上老耕地的可溶性盐含量（2.31 g/kg）仅为原生盐碱荒地（26.62 g/kg）的11%;长期的耕作改变了土壤可溶性盐分在土层中的分布,原生荒漠土壤盐分具有鲜明的表聚特征,0～30 cm土层的盐分含量占整个土壤剖面的79%,开垦50 a后,土壤中的盐分分布趋于均匀,各离子浓度的垂直分布不再明显;开垦使土壤中的盐分离子组成也发生了变化,Cl-、K+、Na+离子浓度降低,而SO42-、Mg2+、Ca2+离子浓度增加,耕作层土壤由SO4-2-Cl-1盐土转变为Cl-1-SO4-2盐土;盐碱荒地土壤可溶盐浓度伴随着降水变化具有显著的季节变化特征,而季节对开垦耕地没有显著影响。总体而言,盐碱荒地经过多年开垦利用后,土壤可溶性盐分和pH值均显著降低。 相似文献
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通过在塔里木沙漠公路沿线选取3个不同地下水埋深区域（地下水埋深分别为3 m、7.3 m、13.7 m）取样并测定土壤含水率和含盐量,分析了地下水埋深对于土壤水盐分布的影响。结果表明：不同地下水埋深处土壤含水率随深度增加均先减小后增大,盐分的变化相对比较复杂;砂土最大毛细上升高度大约为1.8 m;黏土层具有聚水积盐的作用,其分布处含水率和含盐量都比较大;灌溉水影响深度为1.2 m。研究结果充分考虑了地下水埋深在土壤水盐分布中起的重要作用,在相关研究中具有重要的参考意义,对于建立合理的灌溉制度具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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To find the deformation properties of chloride saline soil under the influence of a low temperature environment and different loads,two types of chloride saline soil were selected and their deformation process was tested in the laboratory and analyzed during the cooling process in the sensitive cryogenic temperature range.The research results show that high-chloride-salt saline soil underwent little volume change under the no-load condition during the cooling process.Under staticload and dynamic-load conditions,different degrees of settlement deformation occurred;throughout the entire cooling process,another chloride saline soil with a high proportion of sulfate salt underwent volume expansion under no-load and static-load conditions.Under the no-load condition,a certain degree of settlement deformation occurred.Deformation properties were evaluated at different time points during the cooling process for two kinds of chloride saline soil.Finally, deformation characteristics of chloride saline soil were analyzed from the perspective of salt type and crystallization variation under the action of a low-temperature environment and different loads. 相似文献
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Choosing the Minqin Oasis, located downstream of the Shiyang River in Northwest China, as the study area, we used field-measured hyperspectral data and laboratory-measured soil salt content data to analyze the characteristics of saline soil spectral reflectance and its transformation in the area, and elucidated the relations between the soil spectral reflectance, reflectance transformation, and soil salt content. In addition, we screened sensitive wavebands. Then, a multiple linear regression model was established to predict the soil salt content based on the measured spectral data, and the accuracy of the model was verified using field-measured salinity data. The results showed that the overall shapes of the spectral curves of soils with different degrees of salinity were consistent, and the reflectance in visible and near-infrared bands for salinized soil was higher than that for non-salinized soil. After differential transformation, the correlation coefficient between the spectral reflectance and soil salt content was obviously improved. The first-order differential transformation model based on the logarithm of the reciprocal of saline soil spectral reflectance produced the highest accuracy and stability in the bands at 462 and 636 nm; the determination coefficient was 0.603, and the root mean square error was 5.407. Thus, the proposed model provides a good reference for the quantitative extraction and monitoring of regional soil salinization. 相似文献
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利用2015年9月采自青海北霍布逊湖区的原土样,自行配比进行了室内盐渍细砂土冻胀试验,研究了低干密度盐渍细砂土的低温特性变化规律,探讨了盐渍细砂土的冻胀机理,集中分析了土的冻缩特性。研究发现低干密度盐渍细砂土在不同含水率条件下土的冻胀规律差异很大。低含水率条件下会有冻缩现象,高含水率条件下只会有冻胀现象,临界含水率（含水率14%）条件下细砂土先出现冻缩,之后随着温度的降低又出现冻胀,且由于温度引起的体积变化均在-28℃～-30℃时达到稳定;土的冻缩随着含盐量增加先呈递增趋势,后又呈递减趋势,在中间含盐量10%达到最大;除临界含水率条件下,盐渍细砂土的冻胀、冻缩均与温度呈三次多项式关系,与含水率呈线性关系。研究结果能够为盐渍土地区的工程建设提供有价值的理论依据。 相似文献
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察尔汗盐湖地区盐渍土微观结构及其力学与强度表现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明察尔汗盐湖区盐渍土的微观结构特征及其力学与强度表现,从盐湖区采集9组不同含盐量的盐渍土样品,对盐渍土进行电镜扫描、直接剪切试验和抗压强度试验,从微观结构上分析了盐渍土的力学与强度表现,提出了察尔汗盐湖区盐渍土颗粒骨架的连结形式。研究结果表明,不同含盐量的盐渍土微观结构形式不同,盐渍土颗粒骨架之间的连结有3种形式:1)点式接触、2)堆叠接触、3)盐晶体胶结;微观结构越密实,盐晶体胶结作用越强,盐渍土表现出越高力学与强度特性;盐晶体的胶结作用是影响盐溃土力学与强度特性的显著因素;无侧限抗压强度显著变化的含盐量拐点为45.74%。 相似文献
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大柴旦盐湖采卤区地层剖面盐渍土基本类型及其抗剪强度试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖采卤区作为试验区,对区内地层剖面盐渍土的基本类型进行划分,即通过测定Na+、Mg2+、Cl-等易溶盐离子的方法,得出区内采卤区地层剖面盐渍土的主要类型是以亚氯盐渍土为主。在此基础上,对盐渍土进行扰动试样的室内直剪试验研究,以获取抗剪强度指标粘聚力c值与内摩擦角φ值。试验结果表明,该区盐渍土的含盐量由地表开始向下呈逐渐降低趋势,即由地表的6.89%降到地下4.5 m处的1.11%。粘聚力c值主要受试样含水量大小的影响,表现出随着含水量的增加,粘聚力c值呈降低现象,即当含水量由19.8%上升至23.3%时,粘聚力c值由35.4 k Pa下降至24.9 k Pa,下降率约为29.7%;而当含水量由23.3%下降至17.4%时,粘聚力c值则由24.9 k Pa上升至34.1 k Pa,上升率约为36.9%。内摩擦角φ值则受试样粒径影响相对较为明显,随着试样中粘粒含量的增多,粗粒含量相对减少,内摩擦角呈逐渐增大的趋势,即由24.1°上升至33.3°,增加率约为37.3%。随着试样中含盐量的增加,粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均呈线性增加趋势。该研究成果将有助于进一步探讨含水量、颗粒大小以及含盐量对盐渍土试样抗剪强度变化的影响,且对区内盐田及其相应的基础设施建设有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
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为研究真盐生植物矿质营养特征,以北疆荒漠囊果碱蓬群落为对象,通过土壤及植株调查,分析其矿质元素特征。结果显示：（1）囊果碱蓬的生长增加了0~30cm土壤的pH值、水分及盐份含量,并使盐分在土层重新分布。（2）根系相对于土壤,具有优先吸收K+、Mg2+ 养分离子的特点;叶片相对于根系,具有优先运输Cl-、Na+、SO42- 盐分离子的特点,同一离子在吸收和运输的选择不一致,与其在整株的功能相关。（3）Cl-、Na+、SO42- 积累于叶片,含量远大于K+、Mg2+、Ca2+ ,Cl- 和Na+ 可能相伴向上运输,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+ 在根、茎、叶保持基本不变的比例。（4）囊果碱蓬属于SO4 -Cl 盐积累植物,而背景土壤为Cl-SO4 型盐土。 相似文献
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新疆铁干里克绿洲水文过程对土壤盐渍化的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在对塔里木河下游绿洲地表灌溉水和地下水水质特征及土壤盐分实测分析的基础上,探讨了地表水、地下水过程及其对土壤盐渍化的影响。结果显示：塔里木河下游绿洲灌区地表水矿化度与土壤表层0～50cm盐分含量呈显著正相关,与50～100cm土层含盐量相关性不显著;地下水埋深与土壤盐分含量密切相关,0～50cm表层土壤盐分含量随地下水埋深的增加而下降,其中0～20cm下降幅度最大。当地下水埋深较浅时,绿洲内土壤含盐量高,呈T型分布,盐分表聚性强,土壤盐分含量随土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势;当地下水埋深较深时,绿洲内土壤盐份呈菱形分布,中层土壤盐分高,且地下水矿化度和土壤盐分分布转折点均为6.0m。据此推断,6m是地下水盐分积聚和表层土壤盐分积累停止的临界地下水埋深。 相似文献
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以新疆克拉玛依农业综合开发区新垦重盐渍土为研究对象,在滴灌条件下开展了盐生植物盐角草(Salicornia europaea)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和裸地（对照）处理的试验,通过测定植物地上生物量及植株和土壤中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl- 和 SO2-4含量及土壤总盐含量,评估种植盐生植物对重盐渍土盐分的影响。结果表明:灌溉条件下,盐角草和盐地碱蓬地上生物量分别为11 044.37 kg·hm-2和19 119.26 kg·hm-2,刈割后地上部分灰分盐分别为4 709.98 kg·hm-2和5 184.96 kg·hm-2;与种植期前相比,种植期后盐角草、盐地碱蓬和对照处理0～30 cm土层总盐分别下降了55.62%、32.98%和20.79%,盐角草和盐地碱蓬处理下降幅度均高于对照,30～60 cm土层盐角草和盐地碱蓬处理土壤总盐分别下降了21.82%和29.16%,而对照却上升了18.31%;盐角草和盐地碱蓬均对Na+、Cl-和SO2-4具有较强的摄取能力,尤其是对Cl-表现出更强的选择吸收倾向;盐角草和盐地碱蓬SO2-4含量基本相当,但盐角草Na+和Cl-含量分别是盐地碱蓬的2.33倍和2.22倍,盐角草对于Na+和Cl-的强积聚特征使其更适于对氯化物盐渍土的改良。在盐渍荒漠新垦地种植盐生植物,土壤脱盐效果明显。 相似文献
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A series of saline soil-related problems, including salt expansion and collapse, frost heave and thaw settlement, threaten the safety of the road traffic and the built infrastructure in cold regions. This article presents a comprehensive review of the physical and mechanical properties, salt migration mechanisms of saline soil in cold environment, and the countermeasures in practice. It is organized as follows:(1) The basic physical characteristics;(2) The strength criteria and constitutive models;(3) Water and salt migration characteristics and mechanisms; and(4) Countermeasures of frost heave and salt expansion. The review provides a holistic perspective for recent progress in the strength characteristics, mechanisms of frost heave and salt expansion, engineering countermeasures of saline soil in cold regions. Future research is proposed on issues such as the effects of salt erosion on concrete and salt corrosion of metal under the joint action of evaporation and freeze-thaw cycles. 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地人工林下结皮发育对表土特性影响的研究 总被引：13，自引：11，他引：2
通过野外取样和室内分析相结合,对科尔沁沙地不同生长年限人工林下土壤结皮的理化性质及结皮发育对表层土壤特性的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,3 a、15 a生杨树林下分别发育了物理结皮、地衣结皮和苔藓结皮,15 a、25 a生樟子松林下均发育了苔藓结皮,结皮的厚度、紧实度、水分、粘粉粒含量及全效、速效养分等随物理结皮向苔藓结皮的发育依次增加。同时,结皮的存在增加了其下层土壤颗粒组成中的极细沙和粘粉粒含量,富集了结皮下土壤的有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等养分,而且结皮对下层土壤的这些影响作用从物理结皮、地衣结皮到苔藓结皮呈逐渐增长的趋势。同一结皮下土壤粘粉粒含量、养分含量在0—5 cm范围内由表及里呈递减趋势,但均高于对照无结皮层相对应的值。25 a生樟子松林下发育的苔藓结皮及其下层土壤的理化状况明显优于其他人工林下结皮的情况。 相似文献
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Melt shrinkage, salt bulge, and corrosiveness are common problems with saline soils, which damage highway foundations and cause huge financial losses. In order to improve the saline soil subgrade, dyna... 相似文献
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Research for changes of soil water and salt is an important content of land sciences and agriculture sciences in arid and semi arid regions. In this paper, sampling in actual agricultural fields, laboratory analysis of soil samples and statistical analysis methods are used to quantitatively analyze soil salinity changes under different irrigation methods throughout the cotton growing season in Shihezi reclamation area. The results show that irrigation methods play an important role in soil salt content in the surface soil (0-20 cm) and sub-deep soil (40-60 cm), followed by deep soil layer (60-100 cm) and root soil layer (20-40 cm). Furrow irrigation yields the maximum soil salt content in deep layer (60-100 cm) or sub-deep layer (40-60 cm) and the maximum salinity occurs in the first half of the cotton growing season (June or earlier). In contrast, drip irrigation yields the maximum soil salinity in the root layer (20-40 cm) or sub-deep (40-60 cm), and this usually appears in the second half growing season (July or after). The ratio of chloride ion to sulfate ion (Cl-/SO42-) and its change in the soil are on the rise under furrow irrigation, while the value first increased and then decreased with a peak point in June under drip irrigation. This suggests that furrow irrigation may shift the type of soil salinization to chloride ion type moreso than drip irrigation. Potassium and sodium ion contents of the soil show that soil sodium+potassium content will drop after the first rise under furrow irrigation and the value is manifested by fluctuations under drip irrigation. Potassium+sodium content change is relatively more stable in the whole cotton growth period under irrigation methods. The maximum of sodium and potassium content of the soil usually occur in deep soil layer (60-100 cm) or sub-deep soil layer (40-60 cm) in most sample points under furrow irrigation while it is inconsistent in different sample points under drip irrigation. A nonparametric test for paired samples is used to analyze differences of soil salt content under different irrigation methods. This analysis shows that the impact of irrigation on soil salinity is most significant in July, followed by August, June, May, and April in most sample points. The most significant impact of irrigation methods occurs in the surface soil layer (0-20 cm), followed by deep layer (60-100 cm), root layer (20-40 cm) and sub-deep (40-60 cm). These conclusions will be benefitial for mitigation of soil salinization, irrigation and fertilization and sustainable land use. 相似文献
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Western Jilin Province is a typical seasonal frost region, and is also one of the severest salinization areas of China. In this study, we aim to examine the saline soil in Da'an and Wukesong areas, western Jilin Province, and mainly analyze the granulometric composition and distribution of salt in soil profiles. Four sampling sites, two in Da'an and two in Wukesong respectively, are chosen for study. The granulometric composition, especially silt and clay content change in different sites and soil depths are analyzed. Analysis of total and components of soluble salt shows that the surface soil is weak carbonate saline, in which the main cation is Na+ and the main anion is HCO3-. The total amount of soluble salt presents a decreasing tendency with increasing depth. The comprehensive analysis of granulometric composition and soluble salt shows that the clay content and soluble salt content present similar variation tendency with an increase of depth. 相似文献
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不同坡角公路路基流场的风洞实验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据内蒙古S315一级公路黑风口路段风沙危害现状,基于风洞模拟实验,采用毕托管测定不同坡角路基模型断面的风速,通过对流场分布、风速廓线及风速减弱率的分析探讨沙漠公路风沙危害的形成机理。结果表明：坡角对路基两侧的积沙范围和风蚀强度有重要影响。风速一定时,坡角越大,路基两侧积沙范围越大,与之对应的防护范围也应加大。路基坡角一定时,路基背风侧积沙范围随风速增大整体可能呈扩大趋势,坡角越大,扩大趋势越不明显,导致大量沙粒堆积在背风坡脚附近,这就需在坡角较大的公路背风侧多设置几道阻沙栅栏和固沙方格来降低风速、防治沙害。风沙流对迎风坡脚和迎风坡肩的风蚀作用最强,在实际应用中,应重点对这两个部位进行工程砌护,以防路基塌陷造成交通事故威胁公路安全运营。 相似文献
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在黑河流域干旱土纲中采集5个典型土壤剖面以研究该地区干旱土壤的演化。同时，为了了解土壤养分含量、土壤干旱化和土壤盐化的变化趋势，测定了高台县西北盐池地区主要盐土类型各剖面中的盐分含量和流域内主要土类中水分含量的分布。结果表明，干旱区内陆河流域土壤的退化主要表现为干旱化、盐渍化和土壤肥力的退化。在流域内干旱化随流域上中下游降水量和干燥度的变化而变化，土壤随距河流的距离及地下水位的高低而变化。流域内土壤从潜育土向雏形十、干旱雏形土和干旱土的方向变化。盐渍化与土壤水分含量和地下水位有关，并与水分的蒸发有密切的关系。在一定范围内，距水源越远，盐分含量一般越高。土壤肥力的退化表现为土壤有机质含量降低，阳离子代换量降低等理化性质的退化，这一退化过程是其它过程的综合反映。质地的退化虽受风沙化的影响，但与土壤的形成母质有一定的关系。 相似文献