共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
M.F. Carreño M.A. Esteve J. MartinezJ.A. Palazón M.T. Pardo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
In recent decades wetlands associated with the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) have undergone several hydrological and biological changes as a consequence of increased water inputs from agricultural drainage off the watershed. Changes in the vegetal communities were studied by means of supervised classification of Landsat images, and TM and ETM+ sensors during the period 1984–2000, and a series of land cover maps was created. Changes in the wetland area during this period were analysed and a good fit was found with the total area of irrigated lands in the watershed. The series of land cover maps also allowed the study of the internal composition of the vegetal communities in each wetland. Important changes were detected, with an expansion of reedbeds and a significant reduction in the area occupied by priority habitats according to the Habitats Directive. 相似文献
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磨刀门河口近期水文动力变化及人类活动对其影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析磨刀门河口近几十年来水文动力的变化并重点研究围垦和挖沙这二类人类活动对水文动力变化的影响。磨刀门河口近期水文动力的变化主要表现在:水位升高,主干分流比加大,断面平均流速增大;潮汐动力20世纪607、0年代至90年代初明显减弱,潮差减小,主要分潮振幅变小;20世纪90年代初至21世纪初,潮汐动力增强,潮差增大,主要分潮振幅变大,涨潮量增大。围垦加速了水位的抬升,改变了河口的径流和涨潮量分流比,使河口的断面平均流速增大,减弱了河口的潮汐动力。挖沙使河口潮汐动力增强,降低了水位上升的速度。 相似文献
3.
M. S. Barash 《Oceanology》2011,51(2):306-314
Among the abiotic factors that determined via the paleoceanographic processes development and evolution of the oceanic biota
in the Neogene, noteworthy are the tectonic, volcanic, climatic and extraterrestrial events. The most important tectonic events
of such kind include the subsidence of the Faroe-Iceland Threshold 14–13 Ma ago, the closure of the Tethys Ocean in the east
19–12 Ma ago, the orogenesis in the western Mediterranean region and closure of the Mediterranean Sea (Messinian Crisis) 5.59–5.33
Ma ago, the formation of the Central American Isthmus 6.0–3.5 Ma ago, and the opening of the Bering Strait that occurred (according
to different data) in the period of 7.4 to 3.1 Ma ago. The most significant climatic consequence resulted from the formation
of the Circum-Antarctic Current, the irregular growth of the Antarctic ice shield, the cooling in the Arctic region 3.2–3.1
Ma ago, and the development of continental glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 2.5 Ma ago. The variations
in the atmospheric CO2 content are correlative with the climatic fluctuations. The entire Cenozoic climatic record reflects the influence of the
orbital parameters of the Earth. The Neogene was marked by several significant extraterrestrial events: the fireball falling
in southwestern Germany in the middle Miocene 14.8–14.5 Ma ago probably accompanied by enhanced volcanic activity particularly
in the rift valley of eastern Africa; the drastically increased influx of interplanetary dust due to the disruption caused
by a large asteroid in the late Miocene 8.3 ± 0.5 Ma ago, the fall of a large (>1 km in diameter) asteroid in the Eltanin
Fault zone of the Southern Ocean in the terminal Pliocene 2.15 Ma ago; and the explosion of a supernova star, which was probably
responsible for the partial extinction of marine organisms at the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition approximately 2 Ma ago. 相似文献
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在对青岛浮山湾帆船基地海域水质现状分析评价的基础上, 利用二维平流-扩散模型, 选取化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand, 简称COD)作为水质指标因子, 按麦岛污水处理厂改造扩建前、改造扩建后正常运行及改造扩建后事故运行3 种情况, 对污水排海给帆船基地海域水质带来的影响进行了预测和分析。由3 种情况预测结果可以看出: 1)麦岛污水处理厂改造扩建后, 大大改善浮山湾帆船基地周围海域的水质情况; 2)麦岛污水处理厂改造扩建后, 正常运行情况下入海COD 对帆船基地海域水质的影响不大, 海水中COD 浓度未出现超一类海域水质要求的情况; 在事故运行情况下入海COD 在排污口附近有超一类海域水质的现象, 面积最大为2 674 m2, 未出现超二类以上海域。 相似文献
7.
Knowledge of coral recruitment patterns helps us understand how reefs react following major disturbances and provides us with an early warning system for predicting future reef health problems. We have reconstructed and interpreted historical and modern-day recruitment patterns, using a combination of growth modelling and in situ recruitment experiments, in order to understand how hurricanes, storms and bleaching events have influenced coral recruitment on the Caribbean coastline of Tobago. Whilst Tobago does not lie within the main hurricane belt results indicate that regional hurricane events negatively impact coral recruitment patterns in the Southern Caribbean. In years following hurricanes, tropical storms and bleaching events, coral recruitment was reduced when compared to normal years (p = 0.016). Following Hurricane Ivan in 2004 and the 2005–2006 bleaching event, coral recruitment was markedly limited with only 2% (n = 6) of colonies estimated to have recruited during 2006 and 2007. Our experimental results indicate that despite multiple large-scale disturbances corals are still recruiting on Tobago’s marginal reef systems, albeit in low numbers. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(10):1695-1717
Natural kilometer-scale spatial variability and seasonal variability in deep-sea sediments at ∼5000 m depth was studied at two reference sites in the Central Indian Basin. Biochemical parameters such as the labile organic matter (LOM) (consisting of carbohydrates, protein and lipids) and total organic matter (TOM) and biological parameters such as total counts of bacteria and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were estimated after an interval of 54 months. These were compared with nine locations (12–17 km away) where an artificial sediment disturbance was created by a hydraulic benthic disturber. Besides the above-mentioned parameters, extracellular enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and lipase were also monitored at these nine locations. Post-disturbance (PoD1) observations were carried out immediately after the benthic disturbance experiment and compared with the pre-disturbance (PreD) pattern. The restoration process in the test site was studied after a period of 44 months (PoD2). There was a drastic reduction in total counts of bacteria, ATP, carbohydrates and lipids accompanied by a two- to four-fold increase in protein content at the undisturbed reference sites after 54 months. A similar reduction in these parameters was observed in the PoD1 compared to the PreD stage at the test site. An initial increase in TOM content and in the activities of three extracellular enzymes in the PoD1 stage was followed by a reduction in TOM, ATP and organic P content and activities of the extracellular enzymes in the PoD2 phase (i.e. after 44 months). Reduction in ATP levels suggests a negative impact of resedimentation on living biomass in the sediments. Although LOM, protein concentrations and the protein/carbohydrate ratio increased in the PoD2 phase relative to the PoD1 phase, the bacterial numbers were below the concentrations in the PreD stage, indicating slow restoration of benthic conditions. Long-term analyses of the indicator parameters thus showed mixed effects of sediment disturbance. A similar pattern at the undisturbed reference location suggests that natural (seasonal) variability outweighed artificial variability caused by the benthic disturbance in the Central Indian Basin and the former is responsible for bringing about changes in deep-sea benthic ecosystem on long-time scales. 相似文献
10.
R. Eugene Turner Charles S. Milan Erick M. Swenson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):352
Salt marsh sediment volume decreases from organic decomposition, compaction of solids, and de-watering, and each of these processes may change with age. Variability in the vertical accretion rate within the upper 2 m was determined by assembling results from concurrent application of the 137Cs and 210Pb dating techniques used to estimate sediment age since 1963/1964, and 0 to ca 100+ years before present (yBP), respectively. The relationship between 210Pb and the 137Cs dated accretion rates (Sed210 and Sed137, respectively) was linear for 45 salt marsh and mangrove environments. Sed210 averaged 75% of Sed137 suggesting that vertical accretion over the last 100+ years is driven by soil organic matter accumulation, as shown for the pre 137Cs dated horizon. The ratio of Sed210/Sed137 declines with increasing mineral content. A linear multiple regression equation that includes bulk density and Sed137 to predict Sed210 described 97% of the variance in Sed210. Sediments from Connecticut, Delaware and Louisiana coastal environments dated with 14C indicate a relatively constant sediment accretion rate of 0.13 cm year−1 for 1000–7000 yBP, which occurs within 2 m of today's marsh surface and equals modern sea level rise rates. Soil subsidence is not shown to be distinctly different in these vastly different coastal settings. The major reason why the Sed137 measurements indicate higher accretion rates than do the Sed210 measurements is because the former apply to younger sediments where the effects of root growth and decomposition are greater than in the latter. The most intense rates of change in soil volume in organic-rich salt marshes sediments is, therefore, neither in deep or old sediments (>4 m; >1000 years), but within the first several hundreds of years after accumulation. The average changes in organic and inorganic constituents downcore are nearly equal for 58 dated sediment cores from the northern Gulf of Mexico. These parallel changes downcore are best described as resulting from compaction, rather than from organic matter decomposition. Thus most of the volumetric changes in these salt marsh sediments occurs in the upper 2 m, and declines quickly with depth. Extrapolation forwards or backwards, using results from the 210Pb and the 137Cs dating technique appear to be warranted for the types of samples from the environments described here. 相似文献
11.
C. S. Woods 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):398-425
The family Retropinnidae contains one monotypic genus, Stokellia, in New Zealand, and nine nominal species of Retropinna: five in New Zealand, three in Australia, and one on Chatham Island. Four Chatham Island populations contain much of the recorded range of variation for the family for head length in standard length ratios, numbers of dorsal and anal rays, and numbers of scale rows. These characters are analysed for 29 populations incorporating five nominal species from New Zealand and Chatham Island. When interrelated these characters are shown to be linked (loosely) and high values are typical of coastal populations. When related to latitude their values increase to the south. The reverse trend is found with increase in altitude. Decrease in salinity depresses the values. Area of the lake habitat has little effect. Observations suggest that size of fish and numbers of teeth vary predictably. Thus all observed variation is related to environmental conditions. The four nominal lake species are submerged in Retropinna retropinna (Richardson), the type species of the genus, which is considered to be highly adaptable rather than highly variable. R. osmeroides Hector is recognised as distinct from R. retropinna on one character and on sympatric distribution. Records of Australian and Tasmanian species suggest that R. victoriae Stokell differs fundamentally from all other species but that R. semoni Weber and jR. tasmanica McCulloch do not differ greatly from R. retropinna Similar environmentally correlated variation is suggested to relate some diadromous species of Galaxias and their lacustrine isolates. 相似文献
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渤海地区全新世孢粉序列及古环境演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对取自黄河口外泥质区的BH-264孔的沉积孢粉进行分析,对渤海地区全新世古植被和古环境演化历史进行了恢复。在早全新世(距今9.5~7.6 ka)渤海地区气候温暖湿润,在陆缘海滨地带出现大量沼泽湿地,上面生长着莎草和香蒲等植被,在周围的山地、丘陵和平原地区植被以松属和落叶栎属为主,并伴生着桦木属、榆科、桑科等树种;在中全新世(距今7.6~5.8 ka)温度的升高和海平面上升,使BH-264孔沉积孢粉中松属占主导地位,不利于远距离传播的草本植物花粉含量降为全新世最低值;在距今5.8 ka以后东亚夏季风减弱和降雨量减少导致渤海西部陆源海滨地带植被以旱生草本藜科、蒿属和菊属为主,黄河三角洲的形成缩短了研究区的离岸距离,使这些草本植物花粉易于传播到BH-264孔中沉积。 相似文献
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The porosity and hence volume of argillaceous sediments is determined by: (1) the magnitude of the effective stress acting within the sediment; (2) the previous stress history of the sediment; and (3) at shallow depths of burial, by features such as the mineralogy and the nature of the depositional environment. Stress paths and the critical state diagrams for a number of clays are used to investigate the range of porosities possible in argillaceous sediments as the effective stresses increase. It is found that all porosity/effective stress curves converge at large stresses. The change in porosity is strongly dependent on the mean effective stress but largely independent of the deviatoric stress, and thus is largely independent of the nature of the stress field acting on the basin (compressional, extensional etc.). Because of the dependence of porosity on the mean effective stress, no simple relationship exists between porosity and depth of burial but in the absence of overpressured pore fluids and assuming the sediment is not overconsolidated, it is possible to contour the porosity/effective stress diagram in terms of burial depths. These data should assist in recalculating stratigraphic thicknesses for basin reconstruction and stratigraphic correlation studies. 相似文献
14.
黑鱾精子发生过程中的超微结构变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用透射电镜对黑鱾Girella leonina精子发生过程中的各个阶段细胞以及精子的超微结构变化进行了观察.结果表明:1)黑鱾的精子发生过程主要经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子6个阶段.由精子细胞形成成熟精子还需经过前、中、后期的一系列变态过程.2)各阶段生精细胞以初级精原细胞体积最大,大小约为10.00μm×6.40μm,核大小约为8.801μm×5.80μm,而精子细胞体积最小,大小约为3.20μm×2.60μm,核约为2.80μm×2.50μm;随着生精细胞不断分裂和成熟,细胞的体积逐渐减小,核的位置、核仁、线粒体等发生相应的变化,核内染色质趋于浓缩,电子密度增加,染色程度也逐步加深.3)线粒体是各期细胞内的最主要细胞器之一,在精子发生过程中,它的数量逐渐减少,至成熟精子形成时,核内仅存4个线粒体,但体积却不断增加,内嵴变得长而明显.4)与大多数硬骨鱼类精子特点相似,黑纪的成熟精子不具顶体,核后窝深,精子的鞭毛细长,两旁具侧鳍.尾部为典型的"9+2"型结构. 相似文献
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Ocean temperature changes between 1991 and 2005 in the eastern Tasman Sea were analysed. This area was chosen because of a combination of data availability, low mesoscale variability and because of its importance in determining the climate of the downwind New Zealand landmass. A large warming extending to the full depth of the water column (c. 800 m) was found to have occurred between 1996 and 2002. This warming was seen in measurements by expendable bathythermographs and also in satellite sea surface temperature and sea surface height products, and has a clear impact on New Zealand's terrestrial temperature. The nature of the warming is discussed, together with likely forcing mechanisms. No local forcing mechanisms are consistent with the observed warming, leading to the conclusion that the signal seen in the Tasman Sea is part of a larger South Pacific‐wide phenomenon. 相似文献
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Long-term changes in zooplankton and the climate of the North Atlantic 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
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Christopher R Sherwood David A Jay R Bradford Harvey Peter Hamilton Charles A Simenstad 《Progress in Oceanography》1990,25(1-4)
Historical changes in the hydrology, sedimentology, and physical oceanography of the Columbia River Estuary have been evaluated with a combination of statistical, cartographic, and numerical-modelling techniques. Comparison of data digitized from US Coast and Geodetic Survey bathymetric surveys conducted in the periods 1867–1875, 1926–1937, and 1949–1958 reveals that large changes in the morphology of the estuary have been caused by navigational improvements (jetties, dredged channels, and pile dikes) and by the diking and filling of much of the wetland area. Lesser changes are attributable to natural shoaling and erosion. There has been roughly a 15% decrease in tidal prism and a net accumulation of about 68 × 106m3 of sediment in the estuary. Large volumes of sediment have been eroded from the entrance region and deposited on the continental shelf and in the balance of the estuary, contributing to formation of new land. The bathymetric data indicate that, ignoring erosion at the entrance, 370 to 485 × 106m3 of sediment has been deposited in the estuary since 1868 at an average rate of about 0.5 cm y−1, roughly 5 times the rate at which sea level has fallen locally since the turn of the century.Riverflow data indicate that the seasonal flow cycle of the Columbia River has been significantly altered by regulation and diversion of water for irrigation. The greatest changes have occurred in the last thirty years. Flow variability over periods greater than a month has been significantly damped and the net discharge has been slightly reduced. These changes in riverflow are too recent to be reflected in the available in the available bathymetric data.Results from a laterally averaged, multiple-channel, two-dimensional numerical flow model (described in Hamilton, 1990) suggest that the changes in morphology and riverflow have reduced mixing, increased stratification, altered the response to fortnightly (neap-spring) changes in tidal forcing, and decreased the salinity intrusion length and the transport of salt into the estuary.The overall effects of human intervention in the physical processes of the Columbia River Estuary (i.e. decrease in freshwater inflow, tidal prism, and mixing; increase in flushing time and fine sediment deposition, and net accumulation of sediment) are qualitatively similar to those observed in less energetic and more obviously altered estuarine systems. A concurrent reduction in wetland habitats has resulted in an estimated 82% reduction in emergent plant production and a 15% reduction in benthic macroalgae production, a combined production loss of 51,675 metric tons of organic carbon per year. This has been at least partially compensated by a large increase in the supply of riverine detritus derived from freshwater phytoplankton primary production. Comparison of modern and estimated preregulation organic carbon budgets for the estuary indicates a shift from a food web based on comparatively refractory macrodetritus derived from emergent vegetation to one involving more labile microdetritus derived from allochthonous phytoplankton. The shift has been driven by human-induced changes to the physical environment of the estuary.While this is a relatively comprehensive study of historical physical changes, it is incomplete in that the sediment budget is still uncertain. More precise quantification of the modern estuarine sediment budget will require both a better understanding of the fluvial input and dredging export terms and a sediment tranport model designed to explain historical changes in the sediment budget. Oceanographic studies to better determine the mechanisms leading to the formation of the turbidity maximum are also needed. The combination of cartography and modelling used in this study should be applicable in other systems where large changes in morphology have occurred in historical time. 相似文献
20.
唐山市海岸线变化特征及环境影响效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对唐山市1979-2012年以来5个不同时期的遥感数据进行解译,结果显示33年间海岸线长度增加了81.8 km。岸线变化主要受人类活动的影响,其变化对应了经济发展的三个时期:1979-1991年是海洋工业和海水养殖业从起步到迅速发展的阶段,盐田、养殖池等人工堤坝岸段快速增长;1991-2000年是港口发展起步,海洋工业和海水养殖业平稳发展的阶段,各类岸线长度增长缓慢;2000-2012年是曹妃甸区、唐山港等重大工程建设迅猛发展的阶段,港口岸线迅速增长。受海岸线变化的影响,唐山沿海沙坝—泻湖地貌体系遭到了破坏,曹妃甸海域海洋水动力条件发生了改变。预测至2020年,在沿海经济开发的影响下唐山市海岸线长度将继续增加。 相似文献