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1.
花鲈和鲈鱼群体的遗传分化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对3个中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)群体(威海,舟山和北海)和4个日本鲈鱼(L.japonicus)群体(东京湾、山口、有明海和八代海)进行了遗传分化研究。18条随机引物在7个群体中共扩增出159条谱带,其中多态性谱带133条(83.65%)。花鲈和鲈鱼群体间的平均等位基因数和平均有效等位基因数分别为1.836 5和1.524 2,Nei’s多样性指数和Shannon多样性信息指数分别为0.3075和0.4586。花鲈和鲈鱼群体内的遗传多样性分别为0.3156~0.3669和0.2982~0.5150。UPGMA聚类分析显示,舟山、威海和北海3个花鲈群体亲缘关系较近并形成一分支,而日本有明海与八代海的鲈鱼群体同花鲈关系较远,它们与另2个鲈鱼群体(东京湾和山口)形成另一分支。本文结果进一步从分子水平上支持将中国产花鲈和日本的鲈鱼划分为2个种的观点,并且RAPD数据表明花鲈和鲈鱼群体内都出现了明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
2.
采用RAPD技术 ,分析了日照、厦门沿海花鲈两群体的遗传多样性水平。结果表明 ,31条随机引物共扩增出两地花鲈 45 5条RAPD标记带 ,其中日照群体占 2 63条 ,厦门群体为1 92条 ;45 5条中有 1 84条带为两群体共有。日照群体内遗传相似度I为 0 892 8(差异度为0 1 0 72 ) ,厦门群体I为 0 92 2 5 (差异度为 0 0 775 ) ,而两者群体间的遗传相似度I为 0 8338(遗传距离D =0 1 662 )。两地花鲈在基因组DNA水平上存在较大的遗传差异。利用随机引物S1 1、S42、S45、S5 2和S2 0 3,在花鲈两群体间扩增出 8条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带 相似文献
3.
山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈遗传差异的同工酶和RAPD分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对来自山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈的LDH,MDH,ME,α-GPDH,ADH,SDH,SOD,G-6PDH,EST,GDH等10种同工酶进行检测,共检测出19个基因座位,其中ME-1,G-6-PGH-2,EST-1,EST-5等4个基因座位具有多态性,多态座位比例均为21.1%,两群体的平均杂合度期望值分别为0.1112及0.0939;两群体间的遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0.9902和0.0098.采用RAPD技术分析了两种群花鲈,从31条随机引物共检测出日照群体263个位点,其中具有多态性的位点占82个,多态位点比例为31.18%;检出厦门群体192个,多态位点46个,多态位点比例为24.08%;两群体间的遗传相似度为0.8338,遗传距离为0.1662.两地花鲈在基因组DNA水平上存在较大的遗传差异.利用随机引物S11,S42,S45,S52和S203,在花鲈两群体间扩增出8条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带,为花鲈苗种鉴别、良种培育和种质资源保护提供了遗传依据. 相似文献
4.
以耳石宽/耳石长（W/H）、主叶斜长/耳石长（L/H）、侧叶斜长/耳石长（l/H）、核宽/耳石宽（ow/W）、主叶宽/耳石宽（w/W）、主叶长/耳石长（h/H）、侧叶宽/主叶宽（w＇/w）、主叶宽/主叶长（w/h）、核宽/核长（ow/oh）、核长/第一年年轮直径（oh/D）为具体形态学分析参数,比较了鲈鱼、花鲈的舟山、福州、厦门和广西近海群体耳石的形态学特征.结果表明,鲈鱼与花鲈耳石形态、耳石重-耳石长的关系差异显著;聚类分析显示鲈鱼与花鲈舟山、福州、厦门、广西群体间的欧氏距离分别为4.538、5.656、5.396、4.670,花鲈各群体间欧氏距离在2.108-4.566之间.认为中国近海不同海域的花鲈群体耳石形态具有显著的地理变异,谨慎提出前述中国近海的花鲈分为三个不同的地理种群,即舟山种群、福州-厦门种群和广西种群的可能性. 相似文献
5.
中国沿海花鲈群体遗传结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用23个微卫星DNA标记分析了2000年前后北海、威海和舟山花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)地理群体(A组)和2006年2个烟台花鲈群体(B组)的遗传结构.A组内各群体Nei氏期望杂合度相似、有轻微遗传分化、属同一自由交配群;A组组内及威海和北海地理群体内存在瓶颈事件.B组内2群体无显著遗传分化,组内及群体A发生过瓶颈事件.尽管威海群体与B组2个群体的Nei's期望杂合度、平均等位基因数相似,遗传距离小,属同一自由交配群,但威海群体与2个烟台群体间的遗传分化达到了显著水平,表明山东半岛沿海花鲈群体遗传结构从2000～2006年已发生一定程度的改变. 相似文献
6.
中日花鲈生化遗传变异的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对中日花鲈群体的遗传结构进行了分析 ,共检测了中国沿海花鲈 1 4 6个个体和日本东京湾花鲈 40个个体中 1 2种同工酶的 1 6个基因位点。同工酶分析表明 :中日花鲈多态位点比例分别为 0 .4375和 0 .375 0。中日花鲈观测杂合度分别为 0 .0 2 83,0 .0 32 4 ;预期杂合度分别为 0 .0 4 73,0 .0 782。两者间在 LDH* ,GPI- 1 * ,GPI- 2 * 基因位点上的等位基因接近完全替代。中国花鲈和日本花鲈间根井遗传距离为 0 .1 91 8,远远高于中国种群间的遗传距离。 相似文献
7.
花鲈类胰岛素生长因子-1基因的全长cDNA分离与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)获得花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)类胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)的cDNA全长序列,利用荧光实时定量PCR技术研究了花鲈IGF-1mRNA在成鱼各组织中的表达特征。结果显示,花鲈IGF-1cDNA全长序列为873bp,编码区序列为555bp,编码186个氨基酸,推测成熟氨基酸分为6个结构域,分别是信号肽区域,A、B、C、A、D区域和E肽。花鲈IGF-1氨基酸序列与其他海水鱼类的IGF-1相似度较高,与淡水鱼类相似度较低,与高等脊椎动物相似度更低,说明海水鱼类的IGF-1在进化过程中发生了较大的变化。组织表达分析显示,花鲈IGF-1mRNA在肝脏中表达量最高,在肠、盲肠、肌肉、脾脏中次之;在鳃、垂体、性腺、胃、肾脏、脑、头肾、心脏中表达量较低。本文为鱼类IGF基因功能研究奠定基础,为花鲈生长调控提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
为研制和生产鲈鱼苗疫苗提供依据,采用人工感染试验方法测试了花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)烂尾、出血病病原菌W-1菌株(鳗弧菌Vibrio anguillarum)对花鲈苗的半致死浓度(LD50)及不同保存条件下的W-1菌株的致病力。试验结果表明:W-1菌浴感染花鲈苗的半致死浓度为2.5×107.5个/mL,针刺后菌浴感染花鲈苗的半致死浓度为2.5×107个/mL;该病原菌为一条件致病菌,创伤感染是主要的致病途径;常温多次传代、15℃、-20℃和-80℃等不同保存条件下W-1菌株的致病力均很强,但常温多次传代保存的菌株致病力比其他3种方法保存的菌株致病力稍差一些。 相似文献
9.
海水养殖花鲈鳃组织hepcidin-like抗菌肽基因克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和cDNA末端快速扩增技术（3’RACE）克隆出海水养殖花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）鳃组织hepcidin-like抗菌肽基因cDNA（523bp），包含完整的编码区、3’端非翻译区（3’UTR）和典型的多腺苷酸化信号（AATAAA）．该基因编码86个氨基酸，由信号肽、优势域和成熟肽组成．与花鲈肝脏分离到hepcl及国外发表白鲈（Morone chrysops）hepcidin氨基酸序列进行比较，结果显示花鲈鳃hepcidin-like基因编码的氨基酸与它们在27个位点上存在着差异；该hepcidin-like基因可能为hepcidin的不同变体，属于hepcidin抗菌肽家族的新成员． 相似文献
10.
11.
《Journal of Sea Research》2007,57(4):329-337
Increasing Scandinavian harbour seal populations during the last decades coincide in time with the collapse of the cod fishery. Assumptions of a causal relationship have led to claims favouring re-introduction of seal hunting. Proposals for ‘adaptive management’ often assume that decimating seal populations will automatically favour the fishery. This argument presupposes seal predation to be sufficiently large to have a measurable impact on the fish population. The potential magnitude of the cod-seal interaction was analysed using data on harbour seal abundance, feeding habits and compiled information on cod life history and cod landing statistics. A size-structured life history matrix for the cod population was applied and the size-specific prey preferences of harbour seals were taken into account. Estimated seal predation was small compared to both the landings by the fishery, and to minimum estimates of the total cod population. Furthermore, since the size classes of cod targeted by seals have low reproductive values, the impact of seal predation on cod production will be further reduced. Our analyses suggest harbour seals have a negligible impact on the cod fishery. 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2017
Virginia supported the most productive bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) fishery in the United States in 1930, but the fishery disappeared three years later and never recovered. This collapse highlights a tipping point, but managers of extant bay scallop fisheries have not looked to this case for guidance, because the collapse has long been attributed to an exogenous eelgrass (Zostera marina) ‘wasting disease’ pandemic. Consequently, it remains little understood. However, efforts to restore the fishery, following successful eelgrass restoration, now warrant a thorough examination of its economic significance and disappearance. This study comprehensively surveyed information on the original fishery and reconstructed the pre-collapse population to evaluate restoration prospects and management strategies that reduce the risk of future scallop-seagrass system collapses. Harvest records suggest that overharvesting possibly contributed to the Virginia fishery disappearance—a factor that influenced other bay scallop fisheries but did not alarm contemporary managers in Virginia. The harvest peaked before managers observed eelgrass disappearing and exceeded most pre-collapse population estimates. Intensive dredging possibly precipitated a feedback that reduced scallop recruitment by lowering seagrass shoot densities. Managers should, therefore, consider a potential tradeoff between future scallop harvest and eelgrass restoration goals. The restored wild scallop population in Virginia cannot yet support a commercial fishery at historic levels, which removed between 270 and 380x as many individuals. However, the economic risks associated with reestablishing this fishery are low. The collapse did not cause a significant loss in total economic value, because harvesters rapidly shifted focus to clams, supplanting lost scallop revenue. 相似文献
13.
Increasing Scandinavian harbour seal populations during the last decades coincide in time with the collapse of the cod fishery. Assumptions of a causal relationship have led to claims favouring re-introduction of seal hunting. Proposals for ‘adaptive management’ often assume that decimating seal populations will automatically favour the fishery. This argument presupposes seal predation to be sufficiently large to have a measurable impact on the fish population. The potential magnitude of the cod-seal interaction was analysed using data on harbour seal abundance, feeding habits and compiled information on cod life history and cod landing statistics. A size-structured life history matrix for the cod population was applied and the size-specific prey preferences of harbour seals were taken into account. Estimated seal predation was small compared to both the landings by the fishery, and to minimum estimates of the total cod population. Furthermore, since the size classes of cod targeted by seals have low reproductive values, the impact of seal predation on cod production will be further reduced. Our analyses suggest harbour seals have a negligible impact on the cod fishery. 相似文献
14.
“南四湖渔湖民庄台工程”为中央水电部部属大型工程。该工程解决了6.8万渔湖民居住安全问题,免除了渔湖民世世代代受冰凌、风浪的威胁,为渔湖民的生产、生活和发展湖区教育创造了良好条件。有了庄台,人力集中了,又有了办厂基地,为湖产品流通加工、湖内水生植物开发利用打下了基础,素有“日出斗金”之称的南四湖将更加熠熠生辉。 相似文献
15.
Extracting spatial patterns of ocean fishery using GIS and RS——Taking the East China Sea as an example 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ocean fishery and the corresponding environment are highly interrelated according tothe production experiences of ocean fishing population. The spatial cluster patterns are constructed using the remote sensed data and long-time series fishery production data under the uniform coordinate based on GIS techniques. Thus, the hidden information of distribution regularities between ocean-hydrologic factors and central fishing ground can be extracted from these patterns. It is important to forecast the ocean fishery production. 相似文献
16.
小黄鱼是我国近海四种最重要的经济鱼类之一，在过去的几十年中小黄鱼种群及其两个地理亚种群经历了巨大的变化。小黄鱼的种群动力学研究，对于维持这一重要渔业的可持续管理是至关重要的。目前仅有的两个小黄鱼种群动力学模型只涵盖了较短的时间，且没有关注其空间差异。本文研究了1968年至2015年间黄渤海和东海小黄鱼的种群动力学模型，包含和不包含空间分层结构的两种贝叶斯模型被用于分析其种群动力学的大尺度空间异质性。本文分析了不同的假设，来研究小黄鱼种群动力学潜在的变化趋势。研究结果表明小黄鱼种群动力学特征具有明显的时间和空间变化。种群的增长速度从20世纪八十年代开始增加，而可捕系数从1981年到2015年增加了两倍多。与黄渤海亚种群相比，东海的小黄鱼亚种群生长速度更快，遭受的捕捞压力也更大。基于最大可持续产量MSY的参考点表明，无论是整个小黄鱼种群还是两个亚种群，近年来都有非常高的过度捕捞风险。因此我国小黄鱼的渔业管理急需更加保守的管理策略，同时考虑其地域差异。本文所用的方法可以应用于其他种类的资源评估和渔业管理，尤其是具有空间异质性和数据有限的种类。 相似文献
17.
参照渔业生物学、渔业资源解析学、数量遗传学等有关理论模型，并应用数值模拟方法，对长期选择性捕捞（重点为渔具选择性）是否参与造成了渔业资源的生物学变化（体长、性成熟等）进行某些基础性探索。设计了一个具有一定体长遗传特征的模拟鱼类种群，并利用一种具有固定选择性参数的拖网对其进行长期捕捞。结果表明，多年的持续的捕捞压力使得模拟种群中鱼类体长逐渐减小，减小的幅度随开发率的增大而增大，而终止捕捞后种群的体长并没有发生恢复的迹象，说明这种变化很可能伴随种群遗传的变化，具有自然不可逆性。 相似文献
18.
In the Dutch Wadden Sea a whelk fishery existed from 1900 to 1970. The high post-war catches, following a period without fishery, and the subsequent decrease in catches when fishery was reopened, allowed us to estimate fishery mortality and recruitment. Information on natural mortality and growth, which were required in the estimation procedure, was obtained from previous studies elsewhere. Natural mortality could be calculated from an experiment with marked whelks in the Thames estuary. Age-length relations could be used from French investigations on whelks near the Channel Islands. The size of a potential whelk population could be estimated. Effects of fishery and possible causes of the disappearance of the whelk from the Dutch Wadden Sea are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Xiaodong Zheng Minoru Ikeda Lingfeng Kong Xiangzhi Lin Qi Li Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(4):448-454
The golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885 (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) is a valuable and important fishery resource for China, Japan and Korea. This fishery has experienced severe population decline largely due to overexploitation in past decades. To provide guidelines for fisheries management, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure across four locations along the coast of Japan and one location in China (a total 281 individuals) using nine microsatellite DNA loci. Sepia esculenta showed high genetic variability with mean allele richness ranging from 15.8 to 21.4, and mean heterozygosity from 0.80 to 0.90. Weak but significant genetic differentiation was present and the FST value was 0.020 across all five populations. The useful information obtained in this study will offer insights into how to fine‐tune conservation and fishery management measures for this species and resource in the future. 相似文献
20.
河口生态环境与渔业资源受多种因素影响，其变化过程与作用机制错综复杂。动态模型的建立可以简单概括其结构，归纳出其基本特征，为定量描述和分析河口生态环境与渔业资源的变化提供有力工具。三峡工程对长江河口区生态环境及渔业资源影响的前期研究工作已初步查清河口及邻近海域的本底情况和一些基本规律(张法高等，1987；刘瑞玉等，1987) ，后期工作又进一步收集整理了大量有关历史资料，这为建立长江口渔业资源模型提供了有利条件。 相似文献