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1.
万永革 《地震学报(英文版)》2006,19(5):507-513
Introduction The study of tectonic stress field, a major branch of the Earth science, plays an important role in geodynamics. The world stress map plan started from 1980s and was leaded by Zoback. Lots of scientists from many countries participated this plan. The plan collected global tectonic stress measurements and research results and established global stress database. The world stress map was edited based on the global stress database. The world stress map reflected feature of global li… 相似文献
2.
Research on seismic stress triggering 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Introduction What is called seismic stress triggering refers to that stress change tensor produced by previous earthquake projected on the fault plane and slip direction of subsequent earthquakes, taking into account normal stress, pore pressure and friction coefficient, and Coulomb failure stress change DCFS can be obtained. If the direction of Coulomb failure stress changes are consistent with slip direction of subsequent seismic mechanism, e.g., Coulomb failure stress changes are positive… 相似文献
3.
Influence of tectonic stress on coalification:Stress degradation mechanism and stress polycondensation mechanism 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The function of pressure for coalification is a long-term controversial issue, and the main cause is that the strata pressure and the tectonic stress were confused, which are two different actions of "pres-sure" . The former benefits the physical coalification but retards the chemical coalification, whereas the latter may not only affect the physical structure of coal but also promote its chemical composition changes. In accordance with the organic molecule evolution of coal, there are two kinds of basic mechanisms of the influence of the tectonic stress on the chemical coalification: the tectonic stress degradation and the tectonic stress polycondensation. The stress degradation mechanism is a process of that, when the tectonic stress acted on the large molecule of coal in the form of mechanical force or kinetic energy, some chemical bonds of low decomposed energy, such as aliphatic side-chain and oxygenic functional groups, were broken up and then were degraded into free radicals of less mo-lecular weight, and finally escaped from coal in the form of liquid organic matter (hydrocarbon). The stress polycondensation is considered that, under the control of the anisotropic tectonic stress, the condensed aromatic nucleus trend to be parallel arranged and to be enhanced through rotating or displacing of aromatic rings, the basic structural unit of coal (BSU) increases by directional develop-ment and preferential stack. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR), and rock pyrolysis analysis (Rock-eval) were employed to study the deformed coal series and the non-deformed coal series. The results showed that, compared with the non-deformed coal, the de-formed coal exhibits particular characteristics: weaker aliphatic absorbance peak and stronger aro-matic absorbance peak, lower pyrolysed hydrocarbon yield, and more increscent BSU. The concepts of stress degradation mechanism and stress polycondensation mechanism presented here would not deny the dominant function of the temperature in coalification, but emphasize the "catalysis" of the tectonic stress in coalification. 相似文献
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ＡｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｗａｖｅｉｎｓａｎｄｓｔｏｎｅＤａｏ－ＹｉｎｇＸＩ；Ｙｏｎｇ－ＬａｉＺＨＥＮＧａｎｄＴａｏＺＨＡＮＧ（席道瑛，郑永来，张涛）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥａｒｔｈａｎｄＳｐａｃｅＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔ... 相似文献
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Application of apparent stress in earthquake prediction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
On the basis of the assumption that ω2 model accords with source displacement spectra of moderate-small shocks, we calculate the apparent stress values of 1 020 moderate-small shocks recorded by the Digital Seismic Network of Yunnan Province by using the low-frequency flat level and corner frequencies. The results show that the apparent stress is of good significance in earthquake prediction. The moderate-small shock with apparent stress larger than 0.9 MPa can be used as a referential index to predict moderate-strong earthquakes in Yunnan area. And its relevant predictability evaluation (R value) has a high confidence level. 相似文献
6.
Ｓｔａｔｅｏｆｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕｓｔｒｅｓｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｒｏｃｋｓ（朱焕春，陶振宇）Ｈｕａｎ－Ｃｈｕｎ；ＺＨＵａｎｄＺｈｅｎ－ＹｕＴＡＯ（ＷｕｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃａｎｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｗｕｈａ... 相似文献
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Distribution of apparent stress in western China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction Seismological data (mainly focal mechanism data) has shown to be capable of providing important constraint on the geodynamical models of the eastern Asia in the perspective of stress orientation, stress state (compressional, tensional, or shear), and the source of stress (HUAN, et al, 1979; Xu, et al, 1992). One of the outstanding problems left is the stress level. In principle, within the framework of elasticity, it is impossible to obtain the information of the absolute stress… 相似文献
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Introduction Whether static stress change generated by earthquakes can trigger subsequent earthquakes heretofore is still in debate. Some researchers believe that seismic Coulomb failure stress change generated by earthquake can affect the seismicity nearby (King, et al, 1994; Toda, et al, 1998; Stein, 1999; Seeber, Armbruster, 2000). However, some researchers believe that this model is wrong. For example, Beroza and Zoback (1993) found that stress change generated by the 1989 Loma Prieta … 相似文献
9.
IntroductionSouthwest Yunnan region is located in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, bordering on the Sichuan-Yunnan rhomboidal block in the east and on the northeast corner of Indian Plate in the northwest. It is one of the regions of intense tectonic activities and frequent strong earthquakes in China continent. To study the features of modern tectonic stress field of this region is of significance for revealing the evolution mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau as well as for un… 相似文献
10.
ＧｌｏｂａｌｓｈｅａｒｓｔｒｅｓｐａｔｅｒｎｉｎｍａｉｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃａｃｔｉｖｅｂｅｌｔｓＬＥＩＸＩＡＯ（肖磊）ＰＥＩ－ＳＨＡＮＣＨＥＮ（陈培善）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉ... 相似文献
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On stress-forecasting strategy of earthquakes from stress buildup,stress shadow and stress transfer (SSS) based on numerical approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), used for monitoring crust deformation, are found to be very promising in earthquake prediction subject to stress-forecasting. However, it is recognized that unless we can give reasonable explanations of these curious precursory phenomena that continue to be serendipitously observed from time to time, such high technology of GPS or InSAR is difficult to be efficiently used. Therefore, a proper model revealing the relation between earthquake evolution and stress variation, such as the phenomena of stress buildup, stress shadow and stress transfer (SSS), is crucial to the GPS or InSAR based earthquake prediction. Here we address this question through a numerical approach of earthquake development using an intuitive physical model with a map-like configuration of discontinuous fault system. The simulation provides a physical basis for the principle of stress-forecasting of earthquakes based on SSS and for the application of GPS or InSAR in earthquake prediction. The observed SSS associated phenomena with images of stress distribution during the failure process can be continuously simulated. It is shown that the SSS are better indicators of earthquake precursors than that of seismic foreshocks, suggesting a predictability of earthquakes based on stress-forecasting strategy. 相似文献
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利用GPS数据改正InSAR大气影响中,GPS站网的低空间密度是限制改正精度的一个主要因素.文中引入大气传输模型（ATM）来考虑大气状态在时间上的演化,并兼顾了风向的估计,把GPS-ZWD（GPS湿延迟）时间序列观测值转换为空间上分布比较稠密的GPS-ZWD网络,然后利用该稠密网络在空间上内插产生水汽延迟图,来更好地模拟InSAR影像获取时刻的水汽场,提高大气改正精度.实验结果表明,在研究地区有限的数据条件下（即只有6个GPS点的情况下）,GPS+ATM算法在重现大气信号能力方面比单纯的使用影像获取时刻的GPS-ZWD数据要强,并且其对长波的大气误差去除更明显;用来做实验的三幅差分干涉图中,GPS+ATM算法对两幅以长波信号为主的干涉图中的大气影响分别降低了21.7%和22.6%,比仅使用SAR过境时刻GPS-ZWD数据时的结果分别改进了4.5%和8.7%.而对以短波信号为主的干涉图没有明显提高. 相似文献
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虽然InSAR技术具有高精度、大范围和高空间分辨率等优点,但只能监测雷达视线方向上的一维地表形变;而GPS技术虽可以监测地表的三维形变,但其空间分辨率很低.本文针对融合InSAR和GPS技术监测地表高空间分辨率三维形变展开研究.首先证明了简单的局部最优化迭代算法就能求得综合InSAR和GPS监测地表形变速率的能量函数模型的全局最优估值.随后提出了利用BFGS局部最优算法反演最优的地表三维形变速率.该方法既能避免全局最优化算法计算复杂且难以收敛的问题,又能克服传统的解析法中数值计算不稳定的缺点.最后,通过模拟实验和美国南加州真实数据实验表明,该方法能够得到高精度的地表三维形变速率场.而且当观测或插值误差导致解析法误差较大时,BFGS方法仍能得到高精度、稳定的全局最优解. 相似文献
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2016年2月6日台湾西南部高雄市美浓区发生了MW6.4地震.本文结合ALOS2卫星升降轨、Sentinel-1A升轨SAR数据,采用两轨差分干涉技术获取了该区域的同震形变场,形变结果表明震中西北部以抬升为主,最大视线向形变量约为11.2 cm.基于均匀位错模型和多峰值粒子群（MPSO）算法,利用InSAR和GPS形变数据联合反演了美浓地震的断层几何参数,结果表明震源中心位于22.920°N,120.420°E,深度约12 km,发震断层长度约15 km,走向角307°,倾角16.5°,平均滑动角为51.5°,此次地震是以逆冲倾滑兼左旋走滑的破裂模式.利用格网迭代搜索法得到最优倾角为15.7°,GPS和InSAR最优权比为18：1,最优平滑因子为0.06.基于非均匀位错模型,利用非负最小二乘方法进行线性反演,结果显示最大倾滑和走滑量分别为51.7 cm和55.3 cm,对应矩震级为MW6.38,略小于GCMT （MW6.4）的结果.通过与已有文献的比较和对该区域断层构造的分析,发现美浓地震的发震断层为单一断层的解释更为合理,我们推测发震断层是位于左镇、后甲里等断层之间的一条东南-西北走向往东北倾斜的盲断层,并初步推测2010年MW6.3甲仙地震也同该断层有关. 相似文献
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为克服InSAR观测汶川地震同震形变场的邻轨不连续问题,提出联合GPS观测值与邻轨平滑约束的同震位移校正方法,采用GPS观测形变去除PALSAR轨道误差引入的残留平地相位,基于形变平滑条件校正邻轨干涉相位的不连续性.ALOS/PALSAR干涉处理结果表明,校正后同震形变场的准确度与平滑性得以显著提高,InSAR高相干点残差达3.6 cm,校正后精度提高约60%,低相干点精度提高约40%,校正后形变场的邻接平滑因子标准差减小约33%,验证了轨道误差校正与邻轨平滑约束方法的准确性与可靠性.进一步基于弹性半空间位错模型的断层滑移反演结果表明,断层滑移主要分布于映秀、北川和青川地区,集中于地壳深度0~16 km范围,最大滑动量（位于北川县城）约为9.0 m,GPS反演模型残差为5.5 cm,InSAR反演模型残差达9.2 cm,InSAR反演精度约有30%的显著提高,由模型反演计算得到的地震矩为8.0469×1020 N·m. 相似文献
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模拟2015年尼泊尔地震（主震MW7.8及最大余震MW7.3） GPS/InSAR同震位移、远震体波、高频GPS位移波形和强震加速度记录,构建统一震源模型.统一模型分布特征主要由InSAR观测决定,地震矩释放过程则与P波模型相似,静态与高频GPS观测增加了对破裂时空特征的约束强度;各种比对表明,该模型对各基于单一类型反演模型具有很好的兼容性,棋盘测试展现其具有更优空间分辨率,最小可恢复20 km×20 km尺度的空间特征,压缩了非同震信号或误差导致的零散瑕疵,主、余震破裂具有更好的空间对应关系.主震展布范围为140 km×80 km;4 m以上破裂集中在加德满都以北30 km、深度15 km的狭长区域内,最大滑动量为7.4 m;破裂持续总时长为60 s,破裂速度为3.3 km·s-1,子断层上升时间在10 s内.MW7.3余震破裂区域位于主震东侧边缘,滑动量围绕震中扩散,扩展范围为30 km×20 km,最大滑动量约为4.4 m,总破裂持续时间为35 s.本次地震中静态和高频的GPS观测亦具备独立约束主震破裂扩展过程的能力. 相似文献
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近年来,合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)技术在地面沉降监测方面展现了巨大的应用潜力,但受其重访周期和一维形变测量能力的限制,仅利用单一轨道卫星观测数据很难揭示真实的地表形变特征及其演化规律.随着在轨运行的SAR卫星系统不断增加,使得融合相同时间段内覆盖同一区域的多源多轨道InSAR数据成为可能.然而目前普遍采用的多源InSAR数据融合方法均为针对大尺度形变监测设计,或者忽略南北向形变甚至水平形变,容易造成误判.为此,本文对经典小基线集(Small Baseline Subset, SBAS)时序InSAR分析方法进行改进,在其形变反演模型中加入东西向和南北向形变参数,采用方差分量估计方法解算多源观测数据验后方差,通过迭代精化确定权重矩阵,从而获得形变参数的最优估值.使用美国南加州地区的ALOS PALSAR和ENVISAT ASAR数据开展实验,利用南加州综合GPS网(SCIGN)位于研究区域内的9个站点观测数据进行验证,结果表明本文方法得到的融合形变测量结果在垂直向上能够准确反映地表形变波动,周期性与GPS观测比较一致;同时,融合得到的三维形变场显示南加州洛杉矶地区存在不可忽略的水平形变,东西向形变测量精度略高于南北向.因此,基于方差分量估计的多源InSAR融合方法在提高形变测量时间序列连续性的同时,能够更准确地反演研究区域三维形变特征. 相似文献
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采用DInSAR技术和欧空局2014年新发射的Sentinel-1A/IW数据,获取了2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_W7.8地震的InSAR同震形变场.所用InSAR数据扫描范围东西长约500 km,南北宽约250 km,覆盖了整个变形区域,揭示了形变场的全貌及其空间连续变化形态.此次地震造成的地表形变场总体呈现为中部宽两端窄的纺锤形,从震中向东偏南约20°方向延伸,主要形变区东西长约160 km,南北宽约110 km,由规模较大的南部隆升区和规模较小的北部沉降区组成,南部最大LOS向隆升量达1.1 m,北部最大LOS向沉降量约在0.55 m.在隆升和沉降区之间干涉纹图连续变化,没有出现由于形变梯度过大或地表破裂而导致的失相干现象,表明地震断层未破裂到地表.基于InSAR形变场和部分GPS观测数据,利用弹性半空间低倾角单一断层面模型进行了滑动分布单独反演和联合反演,三种反演结果均显示出一个明显的位于主震震中以东的滑动分布集中区,向外围衰减很快,主要滑动发生于地下7~23 km的深度范围内.InSAR单独反演的破裂范围,特别是东西向破裂长度大于GPS单独反演的破裂长度,而InSAR单独反演的最大滑动量则低于GPS单独反演的滑动量.因此认为联合反演结果更为可靠.联合反演的破裂面长约150 km,沿断层倾向宽约70 km,最大滑移量达到4.39 m,矩震级为M_W7.84,与之前用地震波数据和GPS数据反演的结果一致. 相似文献
19.
J. F. Prieto P. J. González A. Seco G. Rodríguez-Velasco L. Tunini P. A. Perlock A. Arjona A. Aparicio A. G. Camacho J. B. Rundle K. F. Tiampo J. L. G. Pallero S. Pospiech J. Fernández 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(8-9):1461-1484
We review the results of the geodetic and structural studies carried out on La Palma Island using geodetic and geophysical data during the period 1992–2007. InSAR and GPS observation techniques were applied to study the existence of deformation on the island and gravity observations were carried out for structural studies. Gravity data were inverted using a nonlinear three-dimensional gravity inversion approach to obtain the geometry of the anomalous bodies constructed in a random growth process with respect to an exponentially stratified background. The main structural feature is a large central body (under the Caldera de Taburiente) with high density, which was interpreted as the Pliocene-age uplifted seamount and a relatively dense intrusive plutonic complex/magma body. The Cumbre Vieja series is characterized by elongated minima distributed according to the rift structure. InSAR results show a clear subsidence located on the Teneguía volcano, where the last eruption took place in 1971. A thermal source is the most probable origin for this deformation. A GPS network composed of 26 stations covering the total island surface was set up. Vertical displacements determined comparing the GPS coordinates obtained in 2007 with coordinates determined in 1994 are consistent with the InSAR results obtained in the southern part of the island. This is not the case for the northern part. From the comparison of 2006 and 2007 coordinates it is clear that more time is needed to obtain significant displacements, but observed trends are also consistent with InSAR results. All the observed significant displacements are in stations located outside of the large high-density central body. 相似文献
20.
联合高精度的GPS水平位移观测和高密度的PS-InSAR雷达视线位移测量,实现地表三维形变的精确反演.本文在准确计算卫星轨道方位角基础上,使用GPS观测位移与星载雷达LOS方向形变的投影转换模型,将雷达LOS方向形变转换为垂直方向位移,并基于地面GPS与SAR影像PS目标联合构建形变监测网,采用参数平差算法估计区域地表形变场.以地质构造活动极其活跃的台湾岛及其西南屏东高雄地区为例,联合屏东地区48个GPS监测台站与雷达PS目标,监测该地区从1995-1999年间由于板块构造挤压运动和地下水抽取导致的三维地表形变.结果表明,该地区年均水平位移量为向西30~50 mm/a,高雄沿海地区发生明显的逆时针西偏南的逐渐增大的水平位移;垂直位移为屏东平原南部呈现-10 mm/a~-15 mm/a的地面沉降,而平原北部和高雄地区呈现约+5 mm/a~+10 mm/a的地面抬升. 相似文献