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Experimental study on the influence of seismic subsidence of loess under bidirectional loading modes
《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(4):100064
Water content, dry density, void ratio, depth of soil layer, and seismic loading may all exert influence on the seismic subsidence of loess. Many scholars have carried out seismic subsidence tests of loess to simulate the stress on soil using unidirectional (axial) vibration instead of bidirectional vibration. We conduct seismic subsidence tests of loess using two different dynamic stress loading methods, unidirectional and bidirectional dynamic stress. In addition, the effects of different dynamic stress loading modes on the development of seismic subsidence of loess are compared for a case-study in northwestern China. The results show that (1) the increasing ratio of radial stress to axial stress has exerted significant influence on the seismic subsidence coefficient of loess under the loading mode of bidirectional dynamic stress (2) there is a critical ratio of radial stress to axial stress for seismic subsidence of loess, ranging from 0.6 to 0.8; when the ratio of radial load to axial load is greater than the critical value, the effect of bidirectional load on the development of seismic subsidence is more remarkable (3) when the ratio of radial load to axial load is smaller, the seismic subsidence of loess calculated by the existing unidirectional stress loading method is safe for engineering projects. However, if the value exceeds the safety ratio range it is dangerous to conduct safety evaluations using the seismic loess subsidence. The prediction value of seismic subsidence at engineering sites directly affects the later foundation treatment and the safety of the overlying structures. The seismic subsidence calculation and evaluation method in this study may provide a scientific basis for safety evaluations of loess sites in northwestern China. 相似文献
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本文给出了西藏羊八井-康马地区不同地点的现今地应力实测值的大小和方向. 为了解青藏高原现今地应力状态，结合青藏铁路工程的需要，我们在羊八井-康马地区进行了现场地应力测量. 测量方法采用压磁应力解除法，测点分别布置在羊八井、拉萨、曲水和康马等四个不同的构造部位，测量深度为11～18m. 测量结果表明，本区最大水平主应力方向以NW-NNW为主，最大水平主应力值一般为33～104MPa，但在板块缝合带上的曲水测点最大水平主应力值为23MPa. 与其他地区相比较，本区属中高应力区. 而在曲水应力值属中等偏小，可能反映了板块缝合带现今处于应力释放状态，板块缝合带附近应力具有复杂性. 相似文献
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In recent years, there have been few researches and analysis published on the seismic activity and stress state in Shandong segment of Tanlu fault zone using digital seismological methods such as seismic apparent stress, focal mechanism solution and so on. In this paper, source parameters such as focal mechanism solutions and apparent stress are calculated using the waveform data of ML≥1 moderate-small earthquakes in Shandong segment of Tanlu fault zone recorded by Shandong digital seismic network since 2007. According to focal mechanism solutions, a statistical analysis is done on the focal dislocation types in the study area using triangle graphical method, and the results show that the faulting in this area is mainly of strike-slip mechanism, and there are less thrust and normal mechanism. Calculation with the mean stress tensor method illustrates that the direction of mean principle stress of Shandong segment of Tanlu fault zone is NEE-SWW, which is the result of the combined effect of the subduction of West Pacific plate and the extrusion of Indian plate to Eurasian plate; the small dip angle indicates that the mode of action of stress is nearly horizontal, and the direction of principal stress axis is nearly perpendicular to the Tanlu fault zone. Under the action of such compressive stress field, dislocation is not likely to occur and the stress accumulation is enhanced on both sides of the fault. The apparent stress is calculated using the source spectral parameters method. Apparent stress has positive correlation with the magnitude and increases with the increased magnitude. So we get apparent stress difference by subtracting the empirical fitting value from the apparent stress. By removing the impact of magnitude, and according to the temporal-spatial evolution image of apparent stress difference, we found that the apparent stress in Shandong segment of Tanlu fault zone generally has a trend of decrease starting from the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, and the spatial distribution of apparent stress in the region is very uneven. Combined with the spatial distribution of b values, the result shows that high stress is mainly located in Anqiu segment and Tancheng-Juxian segment, especially in Anqiu segment where small magnitude earthquakes appeared accompanying with the high stress. Low b-value means high stress and low frequency means low stress release, which indicates that Anqiu segment might accumulate higher stress and is at the fault locking stage. The research will provide new data for better understanding the present active feature and stress state of the Shandong segment of the Tanlu fault zone. 相似文献
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鲁东地区视应力时空变化特征分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用山东数字地震台网记录到的山东东部地区2008年以来的地震波形资料,在去除地震序列的余震之后,采用Brune模型,并结合遗传算法反演计算了225 次Mr≥2. 0地震的视应力,讨论了视应力与震级的关系,分析研究了视应力的时空变化特征,并通过视应力的时空变化来研究该区应力状态的特征。结果表明:鲁东地区中小地震的视应力范围在0.06~3.91 MPa,平均应力水平在0.31 MPa,可作为该区的背景应力水平;视应力与震级呈正相关关系,随震级的增加而升高,利用稳态回归拟合初步得到适合于该区的定量统计关系;计算的视应力值减去由震级得到的理论视应力,去除震级的相关性干扰,得到差视应力,能更真实的反应该地区的应力变化特征;视应力的时间变化显示鲁东地区目前正处于应力的积累增强阶段,可能与近期鲁东地区震群频发有关;空间分布显示目前高视应力集中区主要分布在沂沭断裂带安丘段附近和烟台附近地区,对于山东地区年度危险区的判定有一定意义。 相似文献
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ESTIMATING THE MAGNITUDE OF TECTONIC STRESS BASED ON THE FRICTION CRITERIA OF FAULT AND ANALYSING THE PARAMETERS' INFLUENCE 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on Zoback's method for estimating the tectonic stress magnitude and the two assumptions, we consider the conditions that three principal stresses are vertical principal stresses respectively(corresponding to three kinds of tectonic stress types). We deduced the formulae for estimating the tectonic stress magnitude by using the stress form factor and frictional strength of the fault and discussed the correlative influence of friction coefficient, pore pressure parameter and stress form factor on the stress value. When the maximum principal stress is approximately horizontal (when stress regime is strike-slip or reverse), the maximum principal stress (or the slope of stress increasing linearly with depth) is positively related with the friction coefficient and negatively related with the pore pressure coefficient. When the minimum principal stress is approximately horizontal (when stress regime is strike-slip or normal), the minimum principal stress (or the slope with depth) is negatively related to the friction coefficient, and positive to the pore pressure. Besides, these three parameters have great influence on the estimation of the tectonic stress magnitude. If the friction coefficient is too big and the pore pressure is too small, there could be a wide difference between the slope of the maximum principal stress increasing with depth and the slope of the minimum principal stress increasing with depth, which could lead to an unreasonable result. Our method is just an approximate estimation for the tectonic stress magnitude when crustal rocks have undergone brittle rupture or frictional sliding. The estimated results are not the tectonic stress magnitude when crust is in steady state. 相似文献
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Crustal stress field holds an important position in geodynamics research, such as in plate motion simulations, uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and earthquake preparation and occurrence. However, most of the crustal stress studies emphasize particularly on the determination of stress direction, with little study being done on stress magnitude at present. After reviewing ideas on a stress magnitude study from geological, geophysical and various other aspects, a method to estimate the stress magnitude in the source region according to the deflection of stress direction before and after large earthquakes and the stress drop tensor of earthquake rupture has been developed. The proposed method can also be supplemented by the average apparent stress before and after large earthquakes. The stress direction deflection before and after large earthquakes can be inverted by massive focal mechanisms of foreshocks and aftershocks and the stress drop field generated by the seismic source can be calculated by the detailed distribution of the earthquakes rupture. The mathematical relationship can then be constructed between the stress drop field, where its magnitude and direction are known and the stress tensor before and after large earthquakes, where its direction is known but magnitude is unknown, thereby obtaining the stress magnitude. The average apparent stress before and after large earthquakes can be obtained by using the catalog of broadband radiated energy and seismic moment tensor of foreshocks and aftershocks and the different responses to stress drops. This relationship leads to another estimation of stress magnitude before a large earthquake. The stress magnitude and its error are constrained by combining the two methods, which provide new constraints for the geodynamics study. 相似文献
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青藏高原腹地现今构造活动强烈，为了解强烈构造活动下的应力背景，我们在五道梁、风火山、雁石坪和安多不同构造部位的四个测点采用压磁应力解除法进行了现场应力实测工作，测量深度12～20m.测量结果表明, 最大主应力方向总体为北东向，与地质、地震以及大地测量等方面的研究成果基本吻合；最大主应力量值为36～68MPa（安多测点除外），与其他地区测量结果相比，属于中等偏高；安多测点最大主应力方向为北西西向，最大主应力量值为81MPa，与其他测点有较大差别，反映了板块缝合带附近现今应力状态的复杂性. 相似文献
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On stress-forecasting strategy of earthquakes from stress buildup,stress shadow and stress transfer (SSS) based on numerical approach 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), used for monitoring crust deformation, are found to be very promising in earthquake prediction subject to stress-forecasting. However, it is recognized that unless we can give reasonable explanations of these curious precursory phenomena that continue to be serendipitously observed from time to time, such high technology of GPS or InSAR is difficult to be efficiently used. Therefore, a proper model revealing the relation between earthquake evolution and stress variation, such as the phenomena of stress buildup, stress shadow and stress transfer (SSS), is crucial to the GPS or InSAR based earthquake prediction. Here we address this question through a numerical approach of earthquake development using an intuitive physical model with a map-like configuration of discontinuous fault system. The simulation provides a physical basis for the principle of stress-forecasting of earthquakes based on SSS and for the application of GPS or InSAR in earthquake prediction. The observed SSS associated phenomena with images of stress distribution during the failure process can be continuously simulated. It is shown that the SSS are better indicators of earthquake precursors than that of seismic foreshocks, suggesting a predictability of earthquakes based on stress-forecasting strategy. 相似文献
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采用文献[1]计算地震产生的静态应变场的解析表达式,对云南禄劝地震的15次余震,计算了主震在余震节面上产生的正应力和静态库仑破裂应力变化。分析了正应力变化和静态库仑破裂应力变化是否对余震有触发作用。结果表明,主震产生的正应力变化和库仑破裂应力变化并没有明显的证据“有利于”余震的发生。另外,还比较了运用与主震相同的余震机制和反演得到的余震机制在库仑破裂模型中计算结果的差异。使用反演的余震机制得出的结果稍优于假定余震与主震有相同震源机制得到的结果。 相似文献
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Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region and its dynamic interest 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
In this paper, we have carefully determined the stress zones in the Sichuan-Yunnan region with reference to the in-situ stress data of hydraulic fracturing and the inverted fault slip data by using the step-by-step convergence method for stress zoning based on focal mechanism solutions. The results indicate that the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region is divided into 3 stress zones by 2 approximately parallel NNW-trending stress transition belts. The area between the 2 belts is the Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone where the maximum principal stress σ1 is just in the NNW direction. The eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the eastern stress transition belt） is basically consistent with the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the western stress transition belt） is not totally consistent with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The northern segment of the western stress transition belt extends basically along the Jinshajiang fault and accords with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, while its southern segment does not extend along the southwestern boundary of the rhombic block, i.e., Honghe fault and converge with the eastern stress transition belt, but stretches continuously in the NNW direction and accords with the Yingpanshan fault. We therefore consider that under the combined influence from the northward motion of India Plate, the southeastward shift of east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the strong obstruction of South China block, the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region might not be totally controlled by the previous tectonic frame and new stress transition belt may have possibly formed. 相似文献
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兰州—玛曲地区是印度板块北东向推挤引起青藏块体强烈变形的前缘区,该区的现今构造应力场研究对研究大陆动力学问题具有重要意义.本文给出了兰州—玛曲地区不同地点的现今地应力实测值的大小和方向.测量方法采用压磁应力解除法,测点分别布置在阿姨山、大水、尕海、玛艾以及清水.为系统研究本区及邻近地区现今构造应力场特征,对已有应力实测数据进行了整理分析.研究结果表明,本区及邻区几十米浅表部应力与其他地区相比,属于中等大小量值;应力随深度增加而加大,但在不同构造单元,应力增加梯度有所不同;最大水平主应力方向总体上为北东向,不同构造单元上方向有所不同,鄂尔多斯地块最大水平主应力方向为近东西向,河西走廊带最大水平主应力方向在北北西—北东方向内变化,祁连山东南端最大水平主应力方向变化较大,西秦岭地块是现今地应力的一个过渡带,最大水平主应力方向由北侧的NE向逐渐转变为中部的EW向和南侧的SEE向.本文给出的结果与由GPS观测给出的该区域应变场分布具有一致性. 相似文献
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采用可变滑动震源模型,计算Ms8．1昆仑山口西地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,解释余震的空间分布特征。以此为基础,分析了此次大地震在周边断层上产生的应力变化及其对地震活动性的影响。结果表明,两个模型和两种方法计算得到的应力变化均呈现相似的分布特征。应力增加区与后续地震活动的对应关系,反映昆仑山口西地震对后续地震活动的触发效应。玛尼断裂带和东昆仑断裂带受应力变化影响最明显。 相似文献
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This paper calculates the static stress changes generated by the Yushu M_S 7. 1 earthquake in Qinghai Province. On the basis of regional stress,we take account of the static stress change triggered by the Yushu M_S 7. 1 earthquake to find the optimally oriented fault planes,then calculate the Coulomb stress change on the optimally oriented fault plane. The results indicate that most of the aftershocks are triggered by the mainshock. The image of Coulomb stress changes is also in accord with regional earthquakes ( M_L ≥3. 0 ) distribution,but the value is lower than 0. 01MPa. In addition,this paper calculates the Coulomb stress changes in the case that the aftershock fault plane is the same as the main shock. Through comparison,we find that the image of Coulomb stress changes obtained using the "optimally oriented fault"approach is more consistent with the distribution of Yushu aftershocks and regional earthquakes. 相似文献
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在两个水平主应力随深度呈线性增加的前提下,通过数学推导,建立了侧压系数、水平最大与水平最小主应力之比(σH/σh)以及剪应力相对大小μm等应力参数随深度变化的关系式.在此基础上,依据中国大陆1780条二维水压致裂和应力解除的原地应力测量数据,对多个应力参数随深度的变化进行了回归分析.结果显示,中国大陆地壳浅部的侧压系数随深度的变化呈完整的双曲线形态,通过稳定性检验说明,即使缺少较深的原地应力实测数据,只要有一定数量的测试深度超过1500 m的数据,仍然可以得到比较可信的侧压系数回归分析结果,在整个脆性上地壳的物性参数没有本质变化的前提下,可以利用地壳浅部的侧压系数回归分析结果推断脆性上地壳的2个水平主应力的取值范围;相对于侧压系数,在中国大陆地表以下几千米深度范围内,σHH/σ和μm的变化不大,更接近线性分布,σH/σh的拟合值在1.5左右,μm的拟合值在0.2左右,并且μm的线性集中程度更好.利用μm的大小来判断活动断裂的地震危险性具有一定合理性. 相似文献
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本文根据活断层资料,在软材料实验基础上,用激光全息光弹实验法分析了南天山东段构造应力场特征,实验结果表明,本区现代构造应力场主压应力为近南北向。在水平挤压力作用下,近东西向构造明显呈挤压状态,北东、北西向断层呈左旋或右旋走滑。τ_(max)、σ_1、σ_2的分布相似,其高值区展布于断层端点、交汇区等特殊部位。提出塔格拉克、库车—轮台、库尔勒东南为应力集中区。 相似文献
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Abstract In situ stress was measured close to the fault associated with the 1995 Kobe Earthquake (Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake; January 1995; M 7.2) using the hydraulic fracturing method. The measurements were made approximately 2 years after the earthquake. The measured points were approximately 40 m from the fault plane at depths of about 1500 m. The maximum and the minimum horizontal compressive stresses were 45 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. The maximum compressive stress and the maximum shear stress are very small in comparison with those of other seismically active areas. The azimuth of the maximum horizontal compressive stress was estimated from the observed azimuths of well bore breakouts at depths between 1400 m and 1600 m and was found to be N135° (clockwise). The maximum stress axis is perpendicular to the fault strike, N45°. These features are interpreted in terms of a small frictional coefficient of the fault. The shear stress on the fault was released and dropped almost to zero during the earthquake and it has not yet recovered. Zero shear stress on the fault plane resulted from the perpendicular orientation of one of the principal stress to the fault plane. 相似文献