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1.
单颗粒强度及形状是影响钙质砂强度、变形和破碎的重要因素。以0.5～1.0 mm和1.0～2.0 mm粒径范围的钙质砂颗粒为研究对象,开展了颗粒形状及尺寸分类统计和单颗粒破碎试验,研究了力—位移关系、单颗粒强度—平均粒径关系和单颗粒破碎能量。结果表明：块状颗粒是钙质砂的主要形状颗粒,粒径较大颗粒的形状不规则程度较高。块状颗粒的破碎过程根据力—位移关系曲线中第一次颗粒破碎力、颗粒破碎峰值力和颗粒完全破碎力出现位置的不同分成5种情况,以颗粒发生多次破碎为特征的情况Ⅰ和情况Ⅱ出现次数最多,其余情况仅在0.5～1.0 mm粒径范围的颗粒中出现。单颗粒强度随平均粒径的增大而减小,1.0～2.0 mm和0.5~1.0 mm粒径范围的单颗粒强度分形维数分别为2.95和1.53,粒径较大的钙质砂颗粒更容易破碎。提出了钙质砂单颗粒破碎能量的简化计算公式,1.0～2.0 mm粒径范围的单颗粒破碎能量较0.5~1.0 mm的更大。 相似文献
2.
斜向和多向不规则波在斜坡堤上的平均越浪量的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过三维物理模型试验研究了在斜坡堤上斜向和多向不规则波在非破碎条件下的平均越浪量与波浪参数及堤参数的关系.着重考察了波浪以小角度(0°~30°)斜向入射时平均越浪量的变化情况,肯定了多向波的越浪量在这一范围内有所谓“小角度斜向增加”的现象,但否定了单向波也具有这一现象.在考察波浪的方向分布影响时发现波浪斜向入射时多向波的越浪量往往要比单向波的大.比较了已有的相关研究成果,给出了适用于混凝土护面和扭工字块体护面斜坡堤上斜向和多向不规则波的平均越浪量的估算公式. 相似文献
3.
基于实验室水槽实验,研究了内孤立波在海底山脊地形存在下的破碎过程。实验设置了两层流体的分层环境,定量地控制了上下层水体厚度及密度,使用不同高度的高斯地形模拟实际的海山作用,讨论了不同高度地形作用下内孤立波破碎过程的异同。实验结果表明,内孤立波的破碎过程中由于逆压梯度的存在,在地形处发生边界层分离,产生了底边界层反向射流和涡脱落现象,计算了内孤立波破碎过程中产生的底部切应力的分布。本文通过实验模拟了内孤立波再海山作用下的破碎过程,进一步探究了海山对内孤立波破碎的影响和底部切应力的作用,对于研究自然界中海洋内孤立波在海山区域的破碎现象有参考价值。 相似文献
4.
以2010年的ENVISAT-ASAR波模式数据为基础,利用基于相干斑噪声的K分布乘积模型对SAR波模式数据灰度图像进行处理,获取其对应的图像统计性质包括形状参数α和尺度参数σ。分析不同海浪组分对应的图像统计性质的特征。结果表明,在风浪组分占优的海区,形状参数α和尺度参数σ成正比关系,相关系数为0.81,且形状参数α集中在大于10的范围内。在涌浪组分占优的海区,形状参数α和尺度参数σ相关性低,形状参数α集中在小于5的范围内,尺度参数σ变化范围大,且当尺度参数σ大于0.0002时,海面风速为0m/s。 相似文献
5.
本文在讨论破碎波判据研究的基础上(文献[1]),根据前人的破碎波研究结果,以及海浪的随机性,建立了一个包含摩擦风速和波浪要素的破碎波判据计算模式,报告了在海上和实验室进行验证的实测结果.其特点是利用良好的现场观测条件和先进的实验设备,对破碎波进行了测量,首次通过划分破碎波的状态,合理地给出了破碎波判据的实测结果,并比较分析了其他几种波浪破碎判据的实测结果及使用范围.本文的计算风浪破碎判据的模式与外海实测结果比较接近,但与实验室测量结果相差较大. 相似文献
6.
为完善内孤立波与海底斜坡沉积物相互作用研究,本文着眼于内孤立波破碎后在斜坡上继续运动的阶段,开展物理模拟实验,分析斜坡响应的土压力和超孔隙水压力的变化状况,揭示内波作用过程。研究发现:斜坡沉积物颗粒在内孤立波破碎引起的涡旋和渗流的共同作用下,会发生再悬浮,斜坡坡度变化不改变沉积物产生动力响应的主导动力作用;内孤立波振幅大小影响涡旋与渗流两者的比例,即在小振幅条件下由涡旋作用主导,在大振幅条件下由渗流作用主导;破碎流体在沿斜坡冲出坡顶位置后形成新的涡流,沉积物在新生涡流作用下的动力响应受斜坡坡度的影响。本文结果对于研究内孤立波再悬浮运移海底沉积物、改造海底地形地貌具有参考价值。 相似文献
7.
破碎是常见的海浪现象之一,研究海浪破碎现象在许多方面有重要意义.首先,海浪破碎是海-气相互作用包括动量、热量及质量交换的主要动力因素,而且波浪破碎还涉及到其它海-气边界过程,如海面白浪(whitecaps)、海洋表面气泡、大气贴水层水雾及海洋上层混合等[1,2];其次,由于破波施加于海洋结构物上的作用力(冲击力)远大于没有破碎时的波浪力,因此,在计算海上建筑物所受外力中,必须考虑破波的出现率及破波强度的影响;另外,波浪破碎会对波高产生影响,因此,在对波高作统计预报时也应考虑波浪破碎的影响[3];还有的学者认为,很多污染物在海洋中的扩散速度与波浪破碎率有密切关系[4]. 相似文献
8.
海底沉积物声学响应中的颗粒与孔隙因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
颗粒参数是描述海底沉积物的基本要素之一,它们深刻地影响到海底沉积物的物理力学性质和声学性质.统计分析结果表明,海底沉积物颗粒度参数中以孔隙度、干密度、中值粒径、平均粒径、颗粒形状之间的关系最为密切.孔隙度与体积干密度呈强线性相关,与平均粒径、中值粒径也呈弱线性相关.在沉积物声速与物理参数的单参数和双参数的经验公式讨论中,显示出声速分别与孔隙度和平均粒径之间具有密切相关关系.根据沉积物颗粒堆垒结构和颗粒形状、粒径大小等,可以计算沉积物的理论孔隙度,从而判定沉积物的声衰减系数. 相似文献
9.
海洋内波破碎问题的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从理论、观测、数值实验和实验室实验四个方面对国内外近20年来关于海洋内波破碎问题的研究成果进行了分析总结.数值实验和实验室实验表明:中高频内波破碎时,初始的不稳定是二维的,当最终有横向对流卷团形成时,能量开始大量耗散,这时不稳定发展成为三维的;从初始的二维不稳定到对流卷团的产生这一过程,到底是一个剪切不稳定过程,还是一个对流不稳定过程,或者是对流不稳定和剪切不稳定共同存在的一个过程,取决于海水的层化、地形、背景剪切流和内波的自身性质.现场曾观测到内孤立波破碎时存在的剪切不稳定过程,数值研究模拟出了内孤立波破碎时存在的对流不稳定过程.现有的海洋内波破碎判据主要是关于中高频海洋内波的.理论分析侧重于确定线性或弱非线性内波的破碎机制和破碎条件. 相似文献
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11.
Joevivek Vincent Jayaraj Chandrasekar Nainarpandian Jayangondaperumal Ramakrishnan Thakur Vikram Chandr Shree Purniema Krishnan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):151-160
To analyze the grain size and depositional environment of the foreshore sediments, a study was undertaken on wave refraction along the wide sandy beaches of central Tamil Nadu coast. The nearshore waves approach the coast at 45° during the northeast(NE) monsoon, at 135° during the southwest(SW) monsoon and at 90° during the non-monsoon or fair-weather period with a predominant wave period of 8 and 10 s. A computer based wave refraction pattern is constructed to evaluate the trajectories of shoreward propagating waves along the coast in different seasons. The convergent wave rays during NE monsoon, leads to high energy wave condition which conveys a continuous erosion at foreshore region while divergent and inept condition of rays during the SW and non-monsoon, leads to moderate and less energy waves that clearly demarcates the rebuilt beach sediments through littoral sediment transport. The role of wave refraction in foreshore deposits was understood by grain size and depositional environment analysis. The presence of fine grains with the mixed population, during the NE monsoon reveals that the high energy wave condition and sediments were derived from beach and river environment. Conversely, the presence of medium grains with uniform population, during SW and non-monsoon attested less turbulence and sediments were derived from prolong propagation of onshore-offshore wave process.These upshots are apparently correlated with the in situ beach condition. On the whole, from this study it is understood that beaches underwent erosion during the NE monsoon and restored its original condition during the SW and non-monsoon seasons that exposed the stability of the beach and nearshore condition. 相似文献
12.
The accuracy of several asymptotic series expansions for wave speed and particle velocity under the crest of a solitary wave (on a fluid at rest) up to maximum height is investigated. The very accurate numerical results of Williams (1985) are the measure for our comparisons. The results are based on a scaling of calculated properties of long periodic waves to the case of solitary waves.For wave speeds the classical Boussinesq–Rayleigh expression gives good agreement up to a relative wave height of, say, 0.3. An asymptotic fourth-order expression based on Fenton (1990) can be used up to a relative wave height of 0.7, whereas the corresponding fifth-order expression is slightly less accurate.The Eulerian particle velocity profile under the wave crest is examined using a cnoidal wave expression from Fenton (1990) in the limit of the solitary wave. For low waves a `consistent' (i.e. properly truncated) fifth-order expression and an `inconsistent' ditto both coincide with Williams' results. Beginning at medium high waves, the consistent expression surprisingly exhibits oscillations in the velocity profile, and the oscillations become stronger as the wave gets higher. The inconsistent expression, however, yields the same shape as Williams' profile, but is displaced parallel to this, resulting in slightly larger velocities. For high waves also the inconsistent expression begins to differ in shape from Williams' profile, and asymptotic theory fails. Only for low waves `lowest order theory' gives acceptable results. We show analytically that for the highest wave the particle velocity profile has a horizontal tangent at the water surface; this is corroborated by Williams' numerical results.We also study the particle velocity at the wave crest as a function of wave height. It is shown that the variation has a vertical tangent for the highest wave. Two fifth-order asymptotic series for this velocity, based on the wave speed through the Bernoulli equation, show very good agreement with Williams up to a relative wave height of about 0.6.It is finally shown that it is possible to produce very accurate rational-function approximations to Williams' results for the wave speed as well as for the particle velocity at the wave crest. 相似文献
13.
利用东矶列岛海域一年实测波浪资料,统计分析波要素特征,以台风“利奇马”为例,分析台风浪演变过程。结果表明：研究海域年平均有效波高0.88 m,年平均周期4.3 s,年最大波高8.67 m出现在夏季台风“利奇马”影响时。研究海域以轻浪为主,其次是小浪和中浪;常浪向为ESE,次常浪向为E和SE;强浪向为SSE,次强浪向为SE。波浪平均持续时间和波高之间符合指数衰减关系。台风“利奇马”影响期间,最大谱峰56.20 m2/Hz,台风浪谱型以双峰谱为主,台风浪类型经历了涌浪—混合浪—风浪—混合浪—涌浪这一演变过程。 相似文献
14.
Philippe Quevauviller 《Geo-Marine Letters》1988,8(1):41-47
The seaward concave shape of beaches located between two headlands and exposed to a predominant direction of wave attack has been assimilated previously by a logarithmic spiral.In this study, a similar mathematical concept is applied to the Galé coast (Portugal) and an ancient coast located around 50 m deep on the continental shelf.The shape of the present-day coastline corresponds to a long-term equilibrium form reached almost one century ago. Application of such a model to the ancient coast, parallel to this coastline, suggests that the swell direction likely has not changed during the last 10,000 to 11,000 years. 相似文献
15.
Previous methods of determining the curved waterlines of bays which form on the coasts around the world have involved the logarithmic spiral. This has been applied to unstable bays which could erode back to a limit termed “static equilibrium” for which the constant in the spiral could be related to the obliquity of the wave crests to the control line, joining the upcoast headland to the downcoast extremity of the bay. It is shown that this applies mainly to the shadow zone behind the upcoast headland and not to the full bay periphery and does not have a fixed centre. A new method is proposed utilising arcs from the point of wave diffraction to the shoreline, whose lengths and angles to the wave crest line are related to those of the control line. Data and curves are presented for the static equilibrium shape by which the stability can be tested. They thus predict the waterline for the case of no sediment supply either from littoral drift or rivers debouching into the bay. An indentation ratio can also be derived to test stability. 相似文献
16.
A series of experimental studies about the force of internal solitary wave and internal periodic wave on vertical cylinders have been carried out in a two-dimensional layered internal wave flume. The internal solitary waves are produced by means of gravitational collapse at the layer thickness ratio of 0.2, and the internal periodic waves are produced with rocker-flap wave maker at the layer thickness ratio of 0.93. The wave parameters are obtained through dyeing photography. The vertical cylinders of the same size are arranged in different depths. The horizontal force on each cylinder is measured and the vertical distribution rules are researched. The internal wave heights are changed to study the impact of wave heights on the force. The results show that the horizontal force of concave type internal solitary wave on vertical cylinder in the upper-layer fluid has the same direction as the wave propagating, while it has an opposite direction in the lower-layer. The horizontal force is not evenly distributed in the lower fluid. And the force at different depths increases along with wave height. Internal solitary wave can produce an impact load on the entire pile. The horizontal force of internal periodic waves on the vertical cylinders is periodically changed at the frequency of waves. The direction of the force is opposite in the upper and lower layers, and the value is close. In the upper layer except the depth close to the interface, the force is evenly distributed; but it tends to decrease with the deeper depth in the lower layer. A periodic shear load can be produced on the entire pile by internal periodic waves, and it may cause fatigue damage to structures. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents numerical solutions for the wave reflection from submerged porous structures in front of the impermeable vertical breakwater. A new time-dependent mild-slope equation involves the parameters of the porous medium including the porosity, the friction factor and the inertia coefficient, etc. is derived for solving the boundary value problem. A comprehensive comparison between the present model and the existing analytical solution for the case of simple rectangular geometries of the submerged structure is performed first. Then, more complicated cases such as the inclined and trapezoidal submerged porous structures in front of the vertical breakwater with sloping bottom are considered. This study also examines the effects of the permeable properties and the geometric configurations of the porous structure to the wave reflection. It is found that the submerged porous structure with trapezoidal shape has more efficiency to reduce the wave reflection than that of triangular shape. The numerical results show that the minimum wave reflection is occurred when the breakwater is located at the intermediate water depth. 相似文献
18.
This study investigates stem waves, propagating along a vertical wall, due to obliquely incident random waves through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Attention is paid to the difference or similarity between the stem waves due to periodic waves and random waves, the nonlinear and linear characteristics, and the effect of wave breaking on the evolution of stem waves. The following were found from this study: as the incident angle of waves become large or the nonlinearity of the incident waves become small, the significant stem wave height, normalized by the incident significant wave height, becomes large. This tendency is the same as that generated by the Stokes waves or cnoidal waves. However, regardless of the nonlinearity of incident waves, the width of stem waves is almost the same. This is a different point between the stem waves due to periodic and random waves. The wave breaking suppresses the growth of the stem waves. 相似文献
19.
Cnoidal wave theory is appropriate to periodic wave progressing in water whose depth is less than 1/10 wavelength. However, the cnoidal wave theory has not been widely applied in practical engineering because the formula for wave profile involves Jacobian elliptic function. In this paper, a cnoidal wave-seabed system is modeled and discussed in detail. The seabed is treated as porous medium and characterized by Biot's partly dynamic equations (u–p model). A simple and useful calculating technique for Jacobian elliptic function is presented. Upon specification of water depth, wave height and wave period, Taylor's expression and precise integration method are used to estimate Jacobian elliptic function and cnoidal wave pressure. Based on the numerical results, the effects of cnoidal wave and seabed characteristics, such as water depth, wave height, wave period, permeability, elastic modulus, and degree of saturation, on the cnoidal wave-induced excess pore pressure and liquefaction phenomenon are studied. 相似文献
20.
A. A. Bocharov G. A. Khabakhpashev O. Yu. Tsvelodub 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(4):507-516
This study is devoted to the construction of some numerical solutions to the previously proposed model equations for three-dimensional disturbances of a small but finite amplitude in liquids of a constant depth. The forms of progressive steady-state waves (both periodic in two horizontal coordinates and solitary) are demonstrated. In a homogeneous liquid, these forms depend on the magnitudes and directions of the wave vectors, whereas, in bodies of water with a small density jump, they also depend on the ratio of layer depths. 相似文献