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磷化氢在海水中的转化及其影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内模拟实验,研究了磷化氢在海水中的转化过程,分析了光照条件、氧化条件、通入方式等环境因子对磷化氢转化的影响。结果表明,在日光照射条件下,磷化氢在海水中可部分转化为磷酸盐,但转化率相对较低,转化过程复杂;环境因子在磷化氢转化过程中起重要作用,日光照射、紫外光照射、氧化条件等均能促进海水中磷化氢向磷酸盐和总磷的转化,在紫外光照射条件下检测到磷化氢向磷酸盐的最大转化率为66.6%。本研究对探索磷化氢在海洋环境生物地球化学循环中的作用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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一种海洋环境中易被忽略的磷化合物——磷化氢 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
根据国内外最新研究进展 ,对以往海洋环境研究中往往忽略的一种磷化物———磷化氢 (Phosphine)的存在形式、分布特征、与其他形态之间的相互转化以及在磷的生物地球化学循环中的作用和地位等进行了综合评述。认为磷化氢是磷在海洋环境中普遍存在的一种形式 ,与磷的其他氧化形态之间存在着相互转化的关系 ,尽管目前对其转化机制、在磷循环中的地位和作用等方面尚不清楚 ,但磷化氢对海洋生物可利用性磷的贡献应是一个不可忽视的因子 ,在磷循环过程中应是重要的一环 ,在将来进一步深入讨论磷的生物地球化学过程、揭示其循环机制中应予以重视 相似文献
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为了有效利用节能高效的LED光源促进节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)这种具有高营养价值蓝藻的生长和有机物质积累,提升节旋藻产业化水平,本实验研究了光照周期、光照强度、红蓝LED光比例对螺旋形节旋藻品系A.platensis OUC 623和直线形节旋藻品系A.platensis OUC 793藻株生长和有机物积累的影响,并进行正交实验,分别以藻株生物量、色素、多糖、藻蓝蛋白、蛋白质含量为指标,分析得到最适光照条件。实验结果证明红光LED可以显著提高藻株的生长速率,蓝光LED会促进积累有机物,实验中623藻株在红∶蓝=6∶1的LED光下比相同条件的白色LED光生物量提高了90.74%,在蓝∶红=6∶1的LED光下,藻蓝蛋白、蛋白质和多糖的积累量较白色LED光分别提升358.84%、342.11%和168.26%;793藻株在红∶蓝=6∶1的LED光下比相同条件的白色LED光生物量提高了61.74%,在蓝∶红=6∶1的LED光下,藻蓝蛋白、蛋白质和多糖的积累量较白色LED光分别提升了352.79%、955.42%和208.11%。实验中发现在最适光照条件下623藻株的生... 相似文献
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本实验表明,海带雌配子体从正常光照改变为连续光照在生长发育上会受到深刻的影响。连续光照能促进雌配子体的细胞生长和细胞分裂。而对雌配子体的发育则有不同的反应,其主要倾向是抑制发育,而不是阻止发育。这一观察与五十年代的观察有所不同。 相似文献
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为研究不同盐度、温度及光照对漂浮浒苔生理生态的影响,我们将实验室内培养的浒苔置于不同盐度、不同温度及不同光照强度条件下培养,测定藻体光合参数。不同盐度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在盐度为0的条件下,浒苔样品实际量子效率Fv/Fm快速降低,随后Fv/Fm维持在较低水平,在盐度10‰~40‰范围内,在前5天各处理样品Fv/Fm没有明显变化,之后样品Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低。不同实验温度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在5℃~25℃,浒苔Fv/Fm呈现先上升后下降趋势。不同光照条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行测定,其数值都在第一天发生了显著降低,之后稍有波动。藻体Fv/Fm变化有所不同,处理的前2天中,所有条件下样品都有相同幅度的降低,处理第三天时,光强400μmol/(m2·s)下比其他光强下的要显著低14%~16%;到培养后期,则以160μmol/(m2·s)下要明显较高,即160μmol/(m2·s)下藻体Fv/Fm的降低总体较为平缓。光照实验表明,浒苔在低光照条件下的实际量子效率要高于高光照条件,且最大量子效率的测定也进一步证实了该结果,表明高光照条件会引起浒苔光合作用能力下降。 相似文献
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稀释法(dilution technique)是研究微型浮游动物摄食和浮游植物生长的常用方法之一,负值浮游植物生长率是稀释实验中常见的现象。分析了造成负值生长率出现的因素,以及这些因素对实验结果的影响,并提出了防止不利影响产生的措施。负值生长率的出现不能简单地视为实验失败的标志,培养光照和温度条件、取样误差、无颗粒水污染、营养盐污染和限制等都可能造成负生长率的出现,且对实验结果的影响不同。同时,根据实验结果,演示浮游植物光适应、取样误差、无颗粒水污染和加富营养盐对稀释实验的影响。结果显示,光照条件可以改变细胞色素含量,且不同浮游植物类群对光照条件的响应不同,从而导致基于色素分析的稀释实验结果出现误差;取样混合不均,可造成取值偏低,导致浮游植物生长率估值偏低,甚至为负值,但可能不影响对摄食率的估算。另外,实验污染(无颗粒水和加富营养盐污染)往往会抑制浮游植物生长,甚至造成浮游植物死亡。因此,培养条件模拟和人为干扰控制是稀释实验成功的关键。 相似文献
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为探究三疣梭子蟹"科甬1号"仔蟹最佳蜕壳环境条件,先采用单因素变量实验设计方法,选取温度、盐度、光照时长、p H和底质五种环境因素,分析其对"科甬1号"仔蟹蜕壳的影响。温度组设置17、20、23和26°C,盐度组设置10、15、25和35,光照时长设置0、12和24h光照组,p H组设置6.0、7.5、8.0、8.5和10.0,底质设置有沙和无沙组。实验结果表明,温度组20°C时仔蟹存活率和蜕壳率最高,但蜕壳所需时间最长,26°C时蜕壳起始最早,所需时间最短,但存活率较低;盐度组中,15和25仔蟹存活率和蜕壳率最高;p H组中,7.5、8.0和8.5仔蟹存活率和蜕壳率最高;有沙组仔蟹存活率显著高于无沙组;而光照时长实验组结果差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,得到单因素条件下"科甬1号"仔蟹最佳环境条件:温度20—23°C、盐度15—25、正常日周期光照、p H 7.5—8.5,有沙环境中。利用正交设计实验方法,研究温度、盐度、底质3个因素对"科甬1号"仔蟹蜕壳的影响,并构建多元线性回归模型。结果得到"科甬1号"仔蟹最佳环境条件:温度26°C、盐度25,需要有沙环境,并且拟合得到其日存活率线性回归模型以及日蜕壳率线性回归模型。 相似文献
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光照周期对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)繁殖、性类固醇激素系统及生长性能的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
养殖条件下的性早熟、个体小型化是影响曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)的养殖效益的重要因素。为探讨养殖条件下曼氏无针乌贼性早熟的可能因素,本文探讨了3种不同光照周期(23D:1L;12D:12L;1D:23L)对其繁殖性能及个体生长的影响。结果表明:光照周期对曼氏无针乌贼的繁殖性能总体影响不大,除长光照周期(1D:23L)下,睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)等激素水平有较显著的降低外(P0.05),光照对乌贼繁殖时间、性腺重及性腺发育指数等指标均无明显影响。但光照周期对曼氏无针乌贼生长却有明显影响,在胴长、体重、瞬时生长率(IGR)及肥满度等生长指标上均呈现出短光照组中光照组长光照的趋势。短光照组雌乌贼在体重、瞬时生长率和肥满度,雄乌贼在胴长等指标上,均显著优于长光照组(P0.05)。该结果表明光照周期可作为影响曼氏无针乌贼生长性能的重要因素,在今后的养殖条件优化中应加以考虑。 相似文献
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Victor Quintino Ana Maria Rodrigues Rosa Freitas Ana R 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):525-532
Most of the studies on biological and ecological effects associated with brine discharge into the marine environment are related to the operation of desalination plants, for the production of freshwater. In this study we analysed the biological effects of a brine effluent from a completely different source, produced from the lixiviation of rock salt caves, for the creation of natural gas storage caverns. Lethal and sub-lethal endpoints following exposure to the brine were studied in a range of macrofauna species characteristic of the soft and hard bottom habitats in the vicinity of the discharge area, namely the isopod Eurydice pulchra, the annelids Sabellaria alveolata and Ophelia radiata, the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. In a first series of experiments, brine, with salinity above 300, was diluted in distilled water to a salinity value close to that of the seawater in the discharge area (salinity 36) and, surprisingly, none of the exposed species was able to survive or develop into viable larvae. A second series of experiments exposed the species to brine diluted with seawater, simulating more realistic discharge circumstances. All the tested species at all the measured endpoints (adult survival, larval abnormal development, sperm fertilization success) showed negative biological effects in brine solutes always at a lower salinity than that of a salinity control obtained with concentrated seawater. The sub-lethal experiments with larval development of P. lividus, S. alveolata and M. galloprovincialis, and the fertilization success of P. lividus gave EC50 values for the brine solute with salinity in the range of 40.9–43.5, whereas the EC50 values for the concentrated seawater were in the range of salinity 44.2–49.0. It is hypothesised that differences in the ionic composition of the brine cause the inability of the species to tolerate the exposure to brine. 相似文献
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由于缺乏长期观测资料,前人对山东半岛邻近海域海水溶解氧的时间变化和空间分布特征的研究较少。本文基于威海刘公岛海洋牧场于2016年7月20日至2017年3月14日期间,利用生态环境实时在线观测系统获得的底层海水的温度、盐度、水深、溶解氧数据,分析了该牧场海水溶解氧浓度的时间变化特征及其影响因素,并探讨了低氧灾害发生的可能性。结果表明在观测期间,该牧场海水溶解氧浓度以季节变化为主,冬季最大、夏季最小,其中2月份平均值最高,约为10.86mg/L,8月份平均值最低,约为5.91mg/L。同时海水溶解氧浓度也存在显著的小时变化和日变化,且变化幅度于8月份最大、3月份最小。影响海水溶解氧浓度变化的主要因素是海水温度,溶解氧浓度随着温度的季节性变化而变化。夏季,水体分层会使溶解氧浓度发生大幅度的降低,大风过程对于溶解氧浓度也有一定的影响,通过打破夏季的季节性温跃层使水体发生垂向混合从而为海底提供氧气,但大风过程之后的几天会出现溶解氧浓度降低的现象。本次研究发现刘公岛海洋牧场在观测期间不存在低氧现象。 相似文献
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The natural “complexing capacity” of aquatic systems was determined using titration with cupric ions. It was compared with “complexing capacity” determined in the presence of both EDTA, used as a model for organic substances, and of EDTA and γ-Al2O3. The γ-Al2O3 was used as a model for solid particles of hydrous oxide in natural waters. The adsorption isotherm of copper in seawater on γ-Al2O3 particles was determined with and without EDTA.For EDTA alone and for the Cu—EDTA complex, it was found that they are not adsorbed on γ-Al2O3 in the natural seawater. However, by adsorption on solid particles, the labile ionic Cu-complex can be removed from the seawater. 相似文献
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Joan D. Willey 《Marine Chemistry》1977,5(3):267-290
Dissolved silica can coprecipitate with zinc from seawater or distilled water that has been enriched with both elements. More than 2 ppm Si are necessary for the reaction to begin. The coprecipitation shows pH dependence. The addition of pulverized illite or natural sediment as suspended particulate material does not enhance the reaction in seawater. The organic material present in the nearshore seawater samples decreases the rate and extent of reaction, as indicated by comparisons of results of experiments using natural seawater with results obtained using UV-irradiated seawater. In unbuffered distilled water the reaction must compete with hydrolysis of zinc; however, reaction does occur, which indicates that the seawater matrix is not essential for the reaction. The coprecipitation can limit the concentration of zinc in seawater to less than the solubility concentration assumed for ZnCO3 or Zn(OH)2. The results suggest that a zinc silicate can precipitate directly from seawater or interstitial water as an authigenic mineral. 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》1987,21(2):151-160
The adsorption on solid particles of natural organic ligand in seawater of Cu(II) ions, and of the inert Cu(II) complexes has been studied. Model solids, γ-Al2O3, Na+-0.392-γ-Al2O3, ‘Aerosil 200’, chrysotile, northupite and CaCO3 were added to seawater. It was observed that at pH 8 natural organic matter was strongly adsorbed on chrysotile and was not adsorbed on Na+ -0.392-γ-Al2O3; it was also adsorbed on γ-Al2O3 over the range of 3 < pH < 7. In this pH range, the complexing capacity and adsorption of Cu is at a minimum because Cu(II) is not adsorbed on γ-Al2O3 and natural organic matter is adsorbed. Inert CuL complexes were adsorbed at pH 8.0 on γ-Al2O3, ‘Aerosil 200’, CaCO3, and chrysotile but they were not adsorbed on northupite. The voltammetric method can be recommended for use in natural waters for distinguishing between metal ionic and metal inert complex species which are adsorbed from solution onto various solid particles. 相似文献
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为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5～35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K~+含量无显著变化(P0.05),其余均显著升高(P0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20～29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。 相似文献
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《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(6):983-992
To improve the knowledge of the survival of enteric viruses in a marine environment, the influence of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, UV, salinity) on the survival of infectious poliovirus 1 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in seawater was first studied, the influence of suspended solids (SS) on poliovirus adsorption and survival in seawater was then evaluated and the detection of rotavirus genome in environmental samples (shellfish, river water, treated wastewater) was finally investigated. The results show that temperature has a major impact on virus survival in seawater as the time necessary to inactivate 90 % of the virus (T90) is 671 days at 4 °C and only 25 days at 25 °C. Ultraviolet light (42 mW s cm−2) rapidly inactivates viruses but HAV is more resistant (T90 = 2.6 min) than the poliovirus 1 (T90 = 1.3 min). By contrast, seawater salinity has no effect on virus survival. In presence of SS, 90 % to 99.9 % of the viruses were adsorbed. This adsorption does not provide any protection for viruses with low SS concentrations (3 and 15 mg L−1) but a slight increase in virus survival was observed with a high SS concentration (500 mg L−1). Finally environmental sample analysis indicated that 20 % shellfish, about 40 % river water and 40 % treated wastewater tested positive for the rotavirus genome. 相似文献
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Self-diffusion coefficients of five major ions have been determined by a radioactive tracer method (capillary tube method) in seawater of salinity 34.86 at 25°C. Data are presented for Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42, and HCO3−, which constitute about 95% by weight of sea salt. The influence of temperature and salinity on these coefficients has been studied for Na+ and Cl− which are the major components of sea salt: self-diffusion coefficients of these two ions have been measured in seawater, at different temperatures for a salinity of 34.86 and at different salinities for a temperature of 25°C. Diffusion coefficients of the same ions have been determined at 25°C by using another radioactive tracer method (quasi-steady cell method). In this experiment, seawater ions were allowed to diffuse from natural seawater into dilute seawater. Data have been obtained at 25°C for Na+, Ca 2+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3−, corresponding to different salinity gradients. 相似文献
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为了探究盐度和氨氮对方斑东风螺生理代谢的影响,本文采用实验生态学方法,研究了不同盐度和氨氮浓度条件下方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)的存活以及能量收支变化。结果显示,方斑东风螺的存活率随着盐度上升呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当盐度为25和30时,方斑东风螺的存活率为100%,低盐96hLC50为10.14,高盐为44.36;方斑东风螺存活率随氨氮浓度上升逐渐下降,当氨氮质量浓度为0～20 mg/L时,存活率均为100%;氨氮96 h LC50为253.83 mg/L。盐度和氨氮对方斑东风螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均具有显著影响(P<0.05)。盐度实验中,方斑东风螺的摄食率、排粪率和排氨率在盐度30时达到最大值,分别为20.50、8.62和0.07 mg/(g·h),耗氧率在盐度35时达到最大值,为1.84 mg/(g·h)。氨氮实验中,摄食率和排粪率在10 mg/L时达到最大值,分别为23.58和10.42 mg/(g·h),耗氧率和排氨率在20 mg/L时达到最大值,分别为2.49和0.13 mg/(g·h)。通过能量收支方程发现,随着盐度和氨氮浓度的上... 相似文献