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1.
以煤油为溶剂,TBP为萃取剂,研究了CTAB对于Cr(VI)萃取率的影响。结果表明,CTAB能够有效改善Cr(VI)迁移效果,且在一定条件下,可使Cr(VI)萃取率提高到98%,应用于实际电镀废液,回收率在90%以上。  相似文献   

2.
铬是环境污染及动植物生长发育最重要的元素之一,铬的毒性及生物可用性不取决于铬的总量,而是取决于存在的形态,铬的价态不同,对人体作用迥然不同。适量的Cr(Ⅲ)为人体所必需,是维持体内正常的糖.月旨肪,蛋白质代谢的必需元素,而Cr(Ⅵ)则对人体有高度毒性,具有干扰生物酶活性,致癌,致突变等作用。因而在环境水质监测中,不仅要检测样品中铬的总量,同时也要分别检测各种价态铬的含量.对Cr(Ⅵ)Cr(Ⅲ)的测定已报道的有离子交换法,溶剂萃取法,固相萃取法,共沉淀法,电化学法等。但这些方法分离富集手续繁琐,时效低,且大多数方法基于测定Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬量,需要从Cr(Ⅲ)到Cr(Ⅵ)的转化步骤。  相似文献   

3.
选取1 日龄乌鬃鹅300 只,随机分成5 组,对照组(A)用基础饲粮饲养,实验组B~E 组分别在基础饲粮中添加质量分数1%(B 组)、2%(C 组)、3%(D 组)、4%(E 组)的螺旋藻,实验期63 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,添加螺旋藻对乌鬃鹅的屠宰率、半净膛率、腹脂率和肌肉灰分无显著影响(P〉0.05),对其它生长指标和全净膛率均有显著性影响(P〈0.05),其中2%C 组和3% D 组的料重比显著下降(P〈0.05), E 组全净膛率显著提高(P〈0.05);肌肉的粗蛋白质(CP)含量E〉D〉C〉B〉A,粗脂肪(EE)含量E〉A〉B〉C〉D;所测得的17 种氨基酸中,包括含有人体必需的7 种氨基酸(EAA)和2 种半必需氨基酸(HEAA);氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)最高的是赖氨酸(Lys),实验组的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均比对照组有所提高.添加2%~3%(w)的螺旋藻对生长性能有显著差异(P〈0.05),对粗脂肪、粗蛋白的含量有所改善;从肌肉EAAI 来看,添加螺旋藻后的肌肉蛋白质品质优于不添加螺旋藻的对照组.建议饲粮中螺旋藻的添加量为质量分数2%.  相似文献   

4.
以小杂鱼或低值鱼为原料 ,采用常温溶剂萃取法进行脱脂 ,研究了不同溶剂、溶剂混合比、流速和萃取时间对鱼类脱脂的影响。结果表明 ,在常温下用等体积的异丙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂 ,以流速 4~ 8mL/min连续萃取 4~ 6h ,脱脂鱼肉的脂肪平均含量w为 0 .19%,脱脂率高达96 .2 6 %。该方法的溶剂损耗量为加热溶剂萃取法的 1/3倍。  相似文献   

5.
在浙江诸暨璜山、桐树林等地的前寒武纪石英闪长岩中,平行于黑云母(010)面的六方放射状裂理,是快速冲击变形事件中形成的显微构造特征,称为黑云母击象(Percussionfigures)。沿黑云母裂理分布的微粒氧化铁暗化轨迹,及其矿物化学式中SiⅥ离子数的降低、A1Ⅵ、TiⅥ、MgⅥ等离子数的升高,晶格参数b(kx)的延展,是事件过程瞬间高温、高压环境的成因标志。黑云母上述特征和多方位扭折带的出现、斜长石显微晶洞的发育,均为该事件引发的有限非稳态场中变形矿物的组合态。本文以此作为探讨,反演石英闪长岩与华夏古地体俯冲过程中,地壳深部古地震(即快速冲击变形事件)成因机制的显微矿物学依据。  相似文献   

6.
利用正己烷液-液萃取提取地下水中的12种半挥发性有机物,提取液经旋转蒸发浓缩、氮吹浓缩,采用气相色谱(ECD检测器)测定11种有机氯组分;乙腈换相后,采用高效液相色谱法(荧光和二极管阵列检测器串联)测定苯并(a)芘。优化了上机条件以及样品前处理等条件,建立了分析方法。在较佳的实验条件下,方法检出限为0.68ng/L~1.60ng/L;方法精密度为3.01%~7.53%;样品加标回收率为80.1%~103%。  相似文献   

7.
2004年度土地利用动态遥感监测项目首次运用高分辨率卫星数据,实施了全国国家级开发区遥感监测。业已完成的160个国家级开发区(园区)遥感监测分析显示,全国160个国家级开发区(园区)平均建筑密度仅为13.91%,平均建筑容积率仅为0.43,平均空闲率为6.16%.  相似文献   

8.
Eight compounds were isolated from red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv. In normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, reverse phase HPLC, and recrystallization. Based on MS and ID NMR spectroscopic data, their structures were determined as: stigmast-4-en-3-one (Ⅰ), cholest-4-en-3-one (Ⅱ), cholesterol (m), uracil (Ⅳ), uridine (V), adenosine (Ⅵ), succinic acid (Ⅶ), and 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-on (Ⅷ). All of them were obtained from this species for the first time. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was screened using standard MTT method, but all the compounds were inactive (IC50 〉 10 μg/ml).  相似文献   

9.
进行不同温度和不同规格人工养殖的乌苏里江唇(Hemibarbus labeo)耗氧量(MO2)、耗氧率(WO2)和窒息点(SO2)的初步测定。结果表明:水温16-28℃范围内,随着水温的升高,耗氧率、耗氧量和窒息点都表现出增大的变化趋势。温度和耗氧率的回归方程:1龄鱼体重11 g的为WO2=0.0142T-0.0863(R2=0.9617),2龄鱼体重60 g的为WO2=0.0138T-0.1121(R^2=0.97);温度和窒息点的回归方程:1龄鱼体重8 g的为SO2=0.0298T-0.1891(R^2=0.977 8),2龄鱼体重40 g的为SO2=0.048 8T-0.402 5(R^2=0.999 7)。体重20-100 g范围内,水温25℃时,随着体重规格的增大,耗氧量逐渐升高,耗氧率逐渐减小。体重和耗氧率的回归方程为WO2=0.7825W-0.2898(R2=0.947 4),体重和耗氧量的回归方程为MO2=0.7837W0.7097(R^2=0.991 6)。唇鱼的昼夜耗氧率(水温25℃,体重72 g)有一定的变化趋势,早间4-10时耗氧率较高,平均在0.332±0.046 mg/(g.h),午间11-19时中等,在0.287±0.030 mg/(g.h),晚间20-3时较低,在0.251±0.029 mg/(g.h)。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】研究饲料牛磺酸添加水平对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体组成、抗氧化能力以及消化代谢的影响,以探究幼刺参的牛磺酸合成能力及对牛磺酸的需求量。【方法】选用初始体质量为(11.40±0.04)g的刺参为研究对象,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、0.30%、0.60%、0.90%、1.20%和1.50%的包被牛磺酸以及0.60%半胱氨酸和0.60%磺基丙氨酸(均以质量分数计,下同),形成8组等氮等脂的实验饲料,在养殖桶(400 L)内进行喂养实验。每种饲料投喂3桶幼参(每桶30头),日投喂1次,实验周期56 d,测定刺参生长性能、抗氧化、代谢酶活性指标。【结果】添加0.30%~1.50%的牛磺酸显著提高了幼参末质量、增重率和特定生长率(P <0.05),而添加0.60%~1.50%的牛磺酸显著提高了刺参的粪便产生率(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.60%~1.20%牛磺酸显著提高了全参粗蛋白含量,添加1.20%和1.50%牛磺酸显著提高全参灰分含量(P <0.05)。随饲料中牛磺酸添加量的梯度升高,全参苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸...  相似文献   

11.
基于实测数据评估基于无几何(geometry-free,GF)模型的BDS-3/GPS/Galileo三频模糊度固定性能。首先给出适用于BDS-3/GPS/Galileo短基线TCAR(triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution)算法的三频线性组合;然后基于不同长度的实测短基线数据,评估BDS-3/GPS/Galileo超宽巷、宽巷及窄巷模糊度单历元固定性能。结果表明,对于5 m、3.6 km和13.1 km三条基线,BDS-3/GPS/Galileo超宽巷模糊度固定率相当(99.7%以上),BDS-3/GPS宽巷模糊度固定率(97.2%以上)略优于Galileo(93.0%以上),BDS-3窄巷模糊度固定率(92.2%以上)略优于GPS/Galileo(89.4%以上)。  相似文献   

12.
Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age, geochemical and Nd isotopic data are presented for a newly recognized high-Mg dioritic dike from Haicheng, Liaodong Peninsula, NE China, to constrain its petrogenesis. The zircons from the high-Mg diorite exhibit striped absorption and oscillatory growth zoning in the cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and have high Th/U ratios (0. 05-0.9), indicating a magma origin. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that 206pb/238U ages of 12 spots of zircons are between 167 Ma and 178 Ma, yielding a weighted mean 206pb/238U age of 172 + 2 Ma (MSWD =4. 1 ), which represents the forming age of the high-Mg dioritic dike, i. e. Middle Jurassic. Geochemically, the samples have SiO2 =55.4-60. 6 wt. % , Na20 =2. 2-2.76 wt. % , K20 = 1.32-2. 02 wt. % and (Na2O + K2O) =3.82--4. 47 wt. %, belonging to sub-alkaline series and displaying a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend. They are characterized by high MgO (4. 75-6.85 wt. % ), Mg# (55-61), Cr(130-262 ppm), Ni(63-130 ppm), Sr(568-857 ppm), and Ba(484-1 130 ppm) contents, with geochemical features analogous to those of high-Mg adakites. They show variable end (t) values ( - 1.3 to - 3.9) , with a weighted value of - 2. 7, which plot intermediately between the field of the ancient continental crust and the depleted mantle source, indicating that both the lower crust and mantle source are necessary for the generation of the parent magma of the Haicheng high-Mg diorites. The Haicheng high-Mg dioritic dike in the Liaodong Peninsula and the Jurassic magmatism in the eastern North China Craton formed under a continental crustal thickening setting that may be related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate.  相似文献   

13.
龙虎斑鱼肌肉营养成分分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对龙虎斑鱼的肌肉进行营养成分分析和肉质评价,结果表明,龙虎斑鱼新鲜肌肉中粗脂肪质量分数4.18%,粗蛋白质量分数17.05%,粗灰分质量分数1.24%,水分质量分数80.19%.肌肉蛋白质中共检测出氨基酸种类有17 种,占新鲜肌肉样品的质量分数为17.88%;7 种必需氨基酸(EAA)占新鲜肌肉样品的质量分数为7.79%,占氨基酸总量的43.57%;4 种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)占新鲜肌肉样品的质量分数为6.17%,占氨基酸总量的34.51%;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为101.35,其氨基酸组成比例符合FAO/WHO 标准.新鲜肌肉中共检测出脂肪酸种类有14 种.其中7 种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占总脂肪酸的质量分数为47.29%;4 种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)占总脂肪酸的质量分数为18.86%;3 种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占总脂肪酸的质量分数为33.86%,DHA 质量分数占脂肪酸总量的30.24%.龙虎斑鱼营养价值较高,海鲜味浓郁.  相似文献   

14.
A method was developed for content determination of Na, Mg, A1, Si, P,S, C1, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Ba, La and Ce etc. covering 26 major, minor, and trace elements in marine sediment samples using fused glass disc by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Calibration was made using marine sediment certified reference materials and the synthetic standard samples prepared by mixing several marine sediments with stream sediment and carbonate standard samples in different proportions. The matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficients, experience coefficients and the scattered radiation as the internal standard (for the trace elements). The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials GBW07314, GBW07334 and GSMS6. The results are in good agreement with the certified values of the standards with RSD less than 2.60%, except for Y, Cr, Ga, Ce, La, Nb, Rb, and V with RSD less than 9.0% (n=12).  相似文献   

15.
基于随机森林的遥感干旱监测模型的构建   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用遥感数据进行大面积旱情监测是现有干旱监测的重要方法之一,然而传统的遥感干旱监测方法主要侧重于对土壤湿度或植被状况等单一干旱响应因子进行监测,对综合多因子的干旱监测研究较为有限。随机森林是一种机器学习方法,具有学习过程快速、运算速度快、稳定性好、预测精度高的优点,近年来被应用于生态环境等多个领域。本文利用2001-2010年4-9月的MODIS数据提取的植被状态指数(VCI)、温度状态指数(TCI)和土地覆盖类型(LC),TRMM降水资料计算的TRMM-Z指数及SRTM-DEM、土壤有效含水量(AWC)等多个遥感及土壤资料提取的干旱因子为自变量,以气象站点的综合气象干旱指数(CI)为因变量,利用随机森林模型构建遥感干旱监测模型,并以河南省为研究区进行了评价和分析。该模型在2009-2010年的监测值和实测CI值的具有显著的相关性,并且二者干旱等级的一致率为81%。在2001-2010年4-9月间,模型监测值与气象站点的标准降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)总体干旱等级一致率为74.9%,较为一致,其中9月的模型结果与SPEI的干旱等级一致率最高,达到82.4%,空评估率和漏评估率最低;与10 cm土壤相对湿度的相关系数在0.475-0.639之间,达到极显著水平。河南省2011年4-6月干旱事件同样验证了本文构建的模型旱情监测结果,说明本模型能较好地就应用于监测区域旱情监测。  相似文献   

16.
This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock (W) from Canada and local commercial stock (D) grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages (larvae, spat, and adult) were compared among hybrid (DW, WD) and purebred (DD, WW) populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage (〉 1% of the mid-parent values). The mean heterosis (Hm) varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types (intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses) on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly (P〉0.05) with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length (SL), shell height (SH), shell width (SW), and total weight (TW) were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL (1.5%), SW (5.8%), and TW (12.3%), and were more significant in the DW groups (6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%). These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.  相似文献   

17.
利用多测站实测GNSS观测数据,模拟四周遮挡(城市环境)、单侧遮挡(峡谷环境)和顶空遮挡(大型桥梁路基环境)3种遮挡环境,从可用卫星数、PDOP值、可用历元率、定位精度和收敛时间5个方面,综合分析多系统PPP技术的定位服务效能。结果显示,相比GPS单系统PPP定位结果,在无遮挡环境下,四系统融合PPP技术在可用卫星数、PDOP值、可用历元率、定位精度和收敛时间方面分别改进300%、40%、2%、20%和50%;在遮挡环境下,分别改进300%、60%、25%、39%和52%。  相似文献   

18.
Three bacterial strains B acillus pumilis,Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and Exiguobacterium were investigated when grown in Luria-Bertani(LB) medium at 500 μg/m L Cr(VI). The hexavalent chromium reduction was measured by growing the strains in De Leo and Ehrlich(1994) medium at 200 and 400 μg/m L K 2 Cr O 4. The optimal Cr(VI) reduction by strains B. pumilis,Exigubacterium and C. cellulans was 51%,39%,and 41%,respectively,at an initial K2 Cr O 4 concentration of 200 μg/m L at p H 3 and temperature 37°C. At an initial chromate concentration of 400 μg/m L,the Cr(VI) reduction by strains B. pumilis,Exigubacterium and C. cellulans was 24%,19%,and 18%,respectively at p H 3 at 37°C after 24 h. These strains have ability to reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to the less mobile trivalent chromium at a wide range of different environmental conditions and can be useful for the treatment of contaminated wastewater and soils.  相似文献   

19.
The combined effects of feeding rate (0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2% initial body weight/day), feeding frequency (two, three, and four times/day) and stocking density (10, 15, and 20 kg/m3) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) on growth performance, digestion and waste generation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were investigated in an 8-week orthogonal experiment (L9(3)3) with a constant daily water renewal at 7.50% of total volume. No mortality occurred during the experimental period. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) varied from 0.90 to 1.13 and specific growth rate (SGR) ranged from 0.48% to 0.69%/day. SGR, thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and FCR were not significantly (P〉0.05) affected by the three factors, while net protein utilization (NPU) was significantly (P〈0.05) affected. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter in the present study were in the range 66.12%-73.55%. ADC in protein, lipid and energy were statistically different among all treatments and in the range of 90.07%-93.67%, 81.54%-89.15%, and 67.55%-71.87%, respectively. The proportion of mean total ammonia nitrogen excreted ranged from 1.37% to 1.64% of feed nitrogen at steady state, and the concentration of nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds were differently correlated to the three factors. The results will provide valuable reference data for culture management decisions in the Atlantic salmon farming industry.  相似文献   

20.
采用Landsat TM遥感影像,辅以MODIS数据产品,应用像元的分类方法,选用水体指数AWEI(Automated Water Extraction Index)提取水体,估算了2011年南美洲陆表水域总面积。同时,在南美洲各大气候带内监测其典型水域的年内季节性面积及其变化。研究表明,南美洲陆表水域总面积为30.5×104 km2,水域率为1.69%,主要集中分布在亚马逊河流域、巴拉那河流域,以及南部巴塔哥尼亚高原。南美洲共计有湖泊9579个,总面积为14.2×104 km2,占水域总面积的46.42%;河渠总面积达15.7×104 km2,占水域总面积的51.56%;水库坑塘总面积达6144.8 km2,占南美洲地表水域总面积的2.01%。从各大气候区看,热带地区的水域面积明显受到旱雨季的影响,其中,热带沙漠气候带内水域的干湿季变化最为明显;温带地区的水域面积变化相对较小,但有明显的四季之分;高原山地气候区由于其独特的气候特征,水域面积变化较小;亚热带季风性湿润气候和地中海气候区内的水域面积季节性波动很小,但是冬夏2个季节变化明显。从南美洲各国家看,水域面积最大的国家为巴西(14.7×104 km2),占南美洲水域总面积的48.17%,水域率为1.72%;其次为阿根廷(3.4×104 km2),占南美洲水域总面积的11.24%,水域率为1.23%;委内瑞拉的水域率最大(3.08%)。  相似文献   

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