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1.
Mapping hourly dynamics of urban population using trajectories reconstructed from mobile phone records 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban population is crucial for addressing a wide range of urban planning and management issues. Aggregated geospatial big data have been widely used to quantitatively estimate population distribution at fine spatial scales over a given time period. However, it is still a challenge to estimate population density at a fine temporal resolution over a large geographical space, mainly due to the temporal asynchrony of population movement and the challenges to acquiring a complete individual movement record. In this article, we propose a method to estimate hourly population density by examining the time‐series individual trajectories, which were reconstructed from call detail records using BP neural networks. We first used BP neural networks to predict the positions of mobile phone users at an hourly interval and then estimated the hourly population density using log‐linear regression at the cell tower level. The estimated population density is linearly correlated with population census data at the sub‐district level. Trajectory clustering results show five distinct diurnal dynamic patterns of population movement in the study area, revealing spatially explicit characteristics of the diurnal commuting flows, though the driving forces of the flows need further investigation. 相似文献
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城市土地利用是人的活动与城市物质空间交互所表现出的综合结果,因此人的活动与城市土地利用功能密切相关;具有不同时间段人的活动的空间聚集与分散规律的区域,其所属的社会功能属性亦不相同。随着大数据时代的到来,以居民手机数据为代表的基于位置的服务数据（local basic service,LBS）大量出现,使得实现时空全覆盖和精细化地监测城市人的活动成为可能。因此,利用手机数据的优势,能够实现从人的角度来区分识别城市用地功能类型。利用手机通话详单数据（call detail records,CDRs）提取面向地块尺度的居民通话聚合时序特征,提出了一种城市土地利用类型谱聚类识别方法。以武汉市为例进行实验分析,结果表明,该方法识别城市土地利用的平均精度为54.6%,为探知城市土地利用空间分布提供了一个有效的方法。 相似文献
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Interplay between urban communities and human‐crowd mobility: A study using contributed geospatial data sources 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 An intense process of urbanization, witnessed particularly in the last decade, has stressed the need to comprehend human mobility behavior in urban settings. Although the emergence of contributed geospatial data (i.e., pervasive activity‐based data) has contributed to substantial progress toward understanding human activity, the relationship between human‐crowd mobility and the functional structure of a city is not yet well understood. In this context, the present research focuses on the intra‐urban origin–destination matrix modeling founded on a combination of two major crowdsourced datasets as well as the inclusion of urban communities’ structure. Specifically, the well‐known “radiation” and “PWO” models were modified through first, identifying the communities embedded in the cyberspace network then employing the identified hierarchical structure of the spatial‐interaction network for the formulation of the users’ movement network and second, imposing proper input variables including the telecommunication activity volume and check‐in frequency. The results obtained by various empirical analyses suggest that the modified community‐constrained origin–destination flow estimation models exhibit better performance levels than those of alternative conventional mobility models. 相似文献
4.
Tao Pei Stanislav Sobolevsky Carlo Ratti Alexander Amini Chenghu Zhou 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(Z1):126-142
The aggregated mobile phone network (AMPN) (i.e. the calling time or numbers are aggregated at every vertex), which records the call volume between different places over time, has been studied extensively to reveal the mobility patterns of residents, etc. Nevertheless, most previous works were implemented based on the non‐directionality of the network model. This simplification may overlook some important characteristics of AMPN. To explore the AMPN as a directional network model, we introduce the concept of directional heterogeneity in the study of AMPN data. The heterogeneity is twofold: (1) the imbalance of vertex (difference between outgoing and incoming calls of the vertex); and (2) the reciprocity of each edge (difference between the directed weights of the same edge). Taking the data of Singapore as an example, we systematically analyze the directional heterogeneity of AMPN. Our findings include three aspects. First, the AMPN shows as more unbalanced in the night‐time than in the daytime, and its imbalance decreases as vertex granularity increases. Second, the directional heterogeneity varied with locations. Specifically, the residential area is dominated by deficits and others by surpluses. Third, the trajectories of incoming and outgoing calls follow a similar geographical pattern (i.e. southeast‐north‐south‐north‐southeast), indicating the calling behavior and routine mobility of users over time and space. 相似文献
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利用手机话单数据分析城市个体居民移动活动的时间熵和空间熵特征,一方面探讨了从原始话单记录中进行出行识别的必要性,另一方面提出了一种考虑空间邻近性的轨迹近似熵特征分析方法。其中,出行识别可以克服手机定位数据采样频率较低的缺陷;近似熵分析方法具有强空间鲁棒性,可以减少因手机定位数据空间精度较低带来的影响。实证结果表明,城市居民出行活动既具有强烈的目的地选择倾向,同时也具有强烈的移动路径选择偏好。 相似文献
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Access to GIS data from mobile platforms continues to be a challenge and there is a wide range of fields where it is extremely useful. In this work, we combined three key aspects: climate data sensors, mobile platforms and spatial proximity operations. We published and made use of a web 2.0 network of climate data, where content is user‐collected, by means of their meteorological stations, and exposed as available information for the virtual community. Moreover, we enriched this data by giving the users the opportunity to directly inform the system with different climate measures. In general, management of this type of information from a mobile application could result in an important decision tool, as it enables us to provide climate‐related data according to a context and a geographical location. Therefore, we implemented a native mobile application for iPhone and iPad platforms by using ArcGIS SDK for iOS and by integrating a series of ArcGIS webmaps, which allows us to perform geospatial queries based on the user's location, offering, at the same time, access to all the data provided by the climate data sensor network and from direct users. 相似文献
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When studying spatial patterns, GIScientists often employ distance‐based methods and techniques, such as network analysis. When studying human behavior, however, spatial patterns often emerge that cannot be adequately examined assuming a physical conceptualization of distance. Such patterns emerged during our study of the process of ghettoization of Jews as implemented in Budapest during the course of 1944. As part of an NSF‐sponsored research project on the geography of the Holocaust, we built a Historical GIS of the Budapest Ghetto with the objective of discovering patterns of Jewish concentration and dispersion as well as simulating potential daily spatial interactions between the Jewish and the non‐Jewish population. Spatial analytical techniques allowed us to discover distinct spatial patterns of isolation, interrelation and concentration, but a whole set of patterns appeared that were the opposite of what we expected, and that could only be explained by thinking of distance not in spatial terms but in social ones. In this article we employ social network analysis to examine the geography of oppression in the Budapest ghetto. What jumped out from our study is the interweaving of space and place – intended as a community bounded by social relations and living in a specific time and location. 相似文献
8.
Mapping collective human activity in an urban environment based on mobile phone data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Identifying and characterizing variations of human activity – specifically changes in intensity and similarity – in urban environments provide insights into the social component of those eminently complex systems. Using large volumes of user-generated mobile phone data, we derive mobile communication profiles that we use as a proxy for the collective human activity. In this article, geocomputational methods and geovisual analytics such as self-organizing maps (SOM) are used to explore the variations of these profiles, and its implications for collective human activity. We evaluate the merits of SOM as a cross-dimensional clustering technique and derived temporal trajectories of variations within the mobile communication profiles. The trajectories’ characteristics such as length are discussed, suggesting spatial variations in intensity and similarity in collective human activity. Trajectories are linked back to the geographic space to map the spatial and temporal variation of trajectory characteristics. Different trajectory lengths suggest that mobile phone activity is correlated with the spatial configuration of the city, and so at different times of the day. Our approach contributes to the understanding of the space-time social dynamics within urban environments. 相似文献
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网络空间信息可视化对揭示网络空域规律、促进网络空间认知具有重要意义。将网络空间节点与拓扑关系直接可视化的视图中存在大量的点重合和线交叉,目前已有的网络节点布局算法、集束边技术、骨干网提取和网络路由拓扑多尺度表达等方法能够优化视图效果,但在网络的微观结构上,对保持网络空间点群要素的特征信息关注不够。通过分析并量化网络空间点群要素的各类特征信息,提出了一种基于层次聚类的要素聚合方法和一种基于节点重要性度量的要素选取方法,以自动综合的方式对网络空间点群要素进行综合。实验结果表明,该方法能够保持网络空间点群要素的空间特征,为定量表达网络空间特征、加速生成视觉效果良好的网络空间地图提供基础数据综合方法。 相似文献
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This article describes research carried out in the area of mobile spatial interaction (MSI) and the development of a 3D mobile version of a 2D web‐based directional query processor. The TellMe application integrates location (from GPS, GSM, WiFi) and orientation (from magnetometer/accelerometer) sensor technologies into an enhanced spatial query processing module capable of exploiting a mobile device's position and orientation for querying real‐world spatial datasets. This article outlines our technique for combining these technologies and the architecture needed to deploy them on a sensor enabled smartphone (i.e. Nokia Navigator 6210). With all these sensor technologies now available on off‐the‐shelf devices, it is possible to employ a mobile query system that can work effectively in any environment using location and orientation as primary parameters for directional queries. Novel approaches for determining a user's visible query space in three dimensions based on their line‐of‐sight (ego‐visibility) are investigated to provide for “hidden query removal” functionality. This article presents demonstrable results of a mobile application that is location, direction, and orientation aware, and that retrieves database objects and attributes (e.g. buildings, points‐of‐interest, etc.) by simply pointing, or “looking”, at them with a mobile phone. 相似文献
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本文提出了以地理空间数据为支撑,结合手机信令、POI等多源数据刻画城市居民出行特征的方法。首先将信令数据与地理信息区块绑定,根据时间特征和地理区块的社会属性,识别居民的基本职住娱信息;然后综合民生POI点、出行特征拓展关键词、图谱等多源数据,运用工作日通勤分析模型和节假日出行特征提取模型,识别用户的通勤距离、通勤方式、日均通勤频次、周均工作时长、节假日出行场景、出行频次、驻留时长等内容,并形成涵盖职住娱信息的出行特征类标签集。以成都市为例,采集连续1个月的手机信令数据和同时期的POI等数据,验证了该方法的可行性,该成果作为反映城市实际人口规模数量和空间分布特征的城市人口地图大数据产品的重要内容,为政府部门、商企用户开展相关分析业务提供数据支撑。 相似文献
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Extracting urban functional regions from points of interest and human activities on location‐based social networks 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Data about points of interest (POI) have been widely used in studying urban land use types and for sensing human behavior. However, it is difficult to quantify the correct mix or the spatial relations among different POI types indicative of specific urban functions. In this research, we develop a statistical framework to help discover semantically meaningful topics and functional regions based on the co‐occurrence patterns of POI types. The framework applies the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling technique and incorporates user check‐in activities on location‐based social networks. Using a large corpus of about 100,000 Foursquare venues and user check‐in behavior in the 10 most populated urban areas of the US, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methodology by identifying distinctive types of latent topics and, further, by extracting urban functional regions using K‐means clustering and Delaunay triangulation spatial constraints clustering. We show that a region can support multiple functions but with different probabilities, while the same type of functional region can span multiple geographically non‐adjacent locations. Since each region can be modeled as a vector consisting of multinomial topic distributions, similar regions with regard to their thematic topic signatures can be identified. Compared with remote sensing images which mainly uncover the physical landscape of urban environments, our popularity‐based POI topic modeling approach can be seen as a complementary social sensing view on urban space based on human activities. 相似文献
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Despite their increasing popularity in human mobility studies, few studies have investigated the geo‐spatial quality of GPS‐enabled mobile phone data in which phone location is determined by special queries designed to collect location data with predetermined sampling intervals (hereafter “active mobile phone data”). We focus on two key issues in active mobile phone data—systematic gaps in tracking records and positioning uncertainty—and investigate their effects on human mobility pattern analyses. To address gaps in records, we develop an imputation strategy that utilizes local environment information, such as parcel boundaries, and recording time intervals. We evaluate the performance of the proposed imputation strategy by comparing raw versus imputed data with participants’ online survey responses. The results indicate that imputed data are superior to raw data in identifying individuals’ frequently visited places on a weekly basis. To assess the location accuracy of active mobile phone data, we investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the positional uncertainty of each record and examine via Monte Carlo simulation how inaccurate location information might affect human mobility pattern indicators. Results suggest that the level of uncertainty varies as a function of time of day and the type of land use at which the position was determined, both of which are closely related to the location technology used to determine the location. Our study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing limitations of mobile phone derived positioning data prior to their use in human mobility studies. 相似文献
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人们在线上网络空间和线下现实空间活动时, 会产生大量线上线下的痕迹(轨迹), 这种轨迹作为一种讯息会影响其他人的活动。现有研究大多单一地采用问卷调查、网络数据、GPS轨迹等方法, 忽略了移动互联时代线上线下空间活动的关联性以及历史活动足迹对日后活动的影响。基于对搜索量、签到和照片等网络大数据与线下GPS轨迹大数据的融合, 对人们线上线下活动进行时空行为模式分析, 建立基于信息素和回归分析的计算模型, 实现了对景观休憩空间的吸引力评价。以采样接近5 a的181个用户轨迹数据及相应时间段的网络大数据, 对北京28个景观进行实验, 并与单一线上或线下数据的研究方法进行比较, 结果表明所提方法不仅综合体现了景观热度, 且能够对未来的潜在游憩价值进行估计。 相似文献
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空间聚类是探索性空间数据分析的有力手段,不仅可以直接用于发现地理现象的分布格局与分布特征,亦可以为其他空间数据分析任务提供重要的预处理步骤。空间聚类有望成为大数据认知的突破口。空间聚类研究虽然已经引起了广泛关注,但是依然面临两大最根本的困境:"无中生有"和"无从理解"。"无中生有"指的是:绝大多数方法,即使针对不包含聚类结构的数据集,仍然会发现聚类;"无从理解"指的是:即使同一种聚类方法,采用不同的聚类参数就会获得千变万化的聚类结果,而这些结果的含义不明确。造成上述困境的根本原因在于:尺度没有在聚类模型中被当作重要参数而恰当地体现。为此,笔者受到人类视觉多尺度认知原理的启发,根据多尺度表达的"自然法则",建立了一套尺度驱动的空间聚类理论。首先将尺度定量化建模为聚类模型的参数,然后将空间聚类的尺度依赖性建模为一种假设检验问题,最后通过控制尺度参数以自动获得统计显著的多尺度聚类结果。在该理论指导下,可以构建适用不同应用需求的多尺度空间聚类模型,一方面降低了空间聚类过程中的主观性,另一方面有利于对空间聚类模式进行全面而深入的分析。 相似文献
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Existing methods of spatial data clustering have focused on point data, whose similarity can be easily defined. Due to the complex shapes and alignments of polygons, the similarity between non‐overlapping polygons is important to cluster polygons. This study attempts to present an efficient method to discover clustering patterns of polygons by incorporating spatial cognition principles and multilevel graph partition. Based on spatial cognition on spatial similarity of polygons, four new similarity criteria (i.e. the distance, connectivity, size and shape) are developed to measure the similarity between polygons, and used to visually distinguish those polygons belonging to the same clusters from those to different clusters. The clustering method with multilevel graph‐partition first coarsens the graph of polygons at multiple levels, using the four defined similarities to find clusters with maximum similarity among polygons in the same clusters, then refines the obtained clusters by keeping minimum similarity between different clusters. The presented method is a general algorithm for discovering clustering patterns of polygons and can satisfy various demands by changing the weights of distance, connectivity, size and shape in spatial similarity. The presented method is tested by clustering residential areas and buildings, and the results demonstrate its usefulness and universality. 相似文献
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为了使得空间聚类分析更加适应实际情况,发展了一种同时顾及空间障碍约束与空间位置邻近的空间聚类方法。该方法采用Delaunay三角网描述实体间的邻近关系,并且不依赖用户指定参数。实验验证了本方法的有效性与优越性。 相似文献
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城市内部就业人口流动作为城市群体的主要移动形式,分析其特征及形成机理对城市规划、交通预测等具有重要意义。基于武汉市手机信令数据,识别职住人口分布与流动,构建城市内部就业流动网络。运用网络分析、可达性计算、逻辑回归等方法,分析城市内部就业流动的特征及其形成机制。研究表明,武汉市内部就业流动在数量上分布不均衡,大量就业流动集中于少数街道间。在空间上,就业流动随距离、可达时间增加而减少,并依地形、文化形成若干联系紧密的就业社区;以就业流出地居住人口、流入地工作人口度量的就业势能是驱动就业流动的最主要因素,而文化差异、空间不邻近、可达性差阻碍就业流动的发生。此外,不同产业特色对就业流动影响不同,商业、科教阻碍就业外流,工业吸引外来就业。 相似文献
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提出一种基于地理加权中心节点距离的网络社区发现算法（geographical weighted central node distance based Louvain method，GND-Louvain）。该算法扩展了传统复杂网络领域的经典社区发现方法Louvain，利用地理加权中心节点来度量社区发现过程中的空间距离关系，并将此距离衰减效应加入到距离模块度模型中，以此来计算和评估空间网络社区划分结果的质量，并探究了空间社区发现结果不稳定的原因。通过定义节点计算顺序，保证了社区发现结果的质量和稳定性。利用中国铁路网线路数据，设计了5种不同空间约束的空间社区发现对比性实验。结果证明，GND-Louvain算法的准确性最高，并且算法结果最稳定。 相似文献