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1.
As part of a collaborative research project created to promote the coexistence of fire, people and biodiversity in central
Australia, a case study was conducted on Aboriginal perceptions of fire and its management in the southern Tanami Desert of
Central Australia. The Tanami was chosen due to consecutive wildfire events and reported fire conflicts between Aboriginal
and pastoral (cattle station) landholders on fire issues. This paper addresses fire issues from the perspective of Warlpiri
Aboriginal people in this region. It shows that many Warlpiri hold strong views concerning the use of fire and its management.
Elders, in particular, have retained tradition-based knowledge about fire and its effects on the environment. The complex
cultural protocols that structure decisions about who burns, when and where are discussed. It is shown that, although there
have been dramatic changes to their subsistence economy, Warlpiri still burn for cultural and economic reasons. At the same
time, social change has given rise to new fire-related issues, including lack of access to remote areas in order to undertake
burning and a decrease in fire knowledge among younger generations. The paper argues that Warlpiri perceptions of fire management,
needs and skills must be incorporated in a regional fire management strategy if the cycle of wildfire that follows above average
rainfall periods in the Tanami is to be broken. Proper resourcing of Aboriginal people to fire their land in customary ways
will enhance Aboriginal livelihoods as well as benefit other stakeholders in the region. 相似文献
2.
Until recently, research on potential economic impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on transport infrastructure was scarce, but currently this area is rapidly expanding. Indeed, there is a growing international interest, including the European area, regarding the impacts of extreme weather and climate change on the management of various transportation modes. This paper reviews briefly the present status regarding the knowledge of financial aspects of extreme weather impacts on transportation, using recent research findings from Europe, and proposes some new views in cost-benefit analysis, project appraisal and asset value protection for the management of transport systems under extreme weather risks. Quite often, risk management is understood as a response to truly extreme impacts, but this constitutes a misunderstanding. Some values are more extreme than others, and in the context of extreme weather, some weather phenomena are more extreme in their intensity and resulting impacts. An analysis of the level of costs and risks to societies, as a result of extreme weather, reveals that the risks in different European Union member states deviate substantially from each other. Also, the preparedness of different societies to deal with extreme weather events is quite variable. Extreme weather and climate change costs and risks represent a new type of item, which has to be dealt with in project appraisal. Although a fully established procedure does not exist, some fundamental ideas of cost-benefit analysis under extreme weather scenarios are presented in this paper, considering accident costs, time costs and infrastructure-related costs (comprising physical damages to infrastructures and increased maintenance costs). Cost-benefit analysis is usually associated with capital investments, but the original idea of cost-benefit analysis is not restricted to investment appraisal. Therefore, activities such as enhanced maintenance, minor upgrades, adoption of new designs, improved information services and others may be subject to cost-benefit analysis. Extreme weather and climate change costs and risks represent a new type of item, which apparently has to be dealt with also in project appraisal. A fully established procedure does not exist, although some basic principles have been introduced in analytical format. There is a lack of models to estimate extreme weather impacts and consequences and how to adapt to those costs. Optimising the efforts in maintenance and new design standards is even further away, but constitutes an overwhelming task. In this respect, new approaches and ways of thinking in preserving asset’s residual value, return periods, sustainability and equity and formal methods supplementing cost-benefit analysis are put forward. The paper concludes with a call for the need for more integrated management of transport systems. In particular, it is recognised that the different stages of transport system planning pose their own challenges when assessing the costs and benefits of policy measures, strategies and operational decisions. 相似文献
3.
地质灾害治理工程项目管理是地质灾害管理的具体体现和实施过程,其基本任务是根据地质灾害管理目标和管理方法,组织实施防治工程,保障取得预期的减灾成果。就镇江市地质灾害治理工程项目管理目前现状,从规范文件、招标机构、管理工具、管理经验、干扰因素、风险评价、人员素质等方面进行粗浅分析,并针对存在的问题提出相应的对策,借以提高镇江市地质灾害治理工程项目管理的能力和水平,以便今后地质灾害治理项目管理更好地完善和发展。 相似文献
4.
网络计划管理技术在长江某穿越隧道工程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高路 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(4):71-73
网络计划技术是一种科学的计划管理技术，它对工程组织过程和项目实施步骤进行全面的规划、编排，并在工程项目实施初期对多种方案进入深入的研究与比较，更科学地进行目标进度的安排。本文以长江某穿越隧道工程为例，详细探讨了用网络计划技术进行工程管理的过程。 相似文献
5.
加拿大岩石圈探测计划(LITHOPROBE), 是加拿大政府为了全面了解北美大陆演化过程而设立的一个国家级地球科学研究合作项目, 主要科学目标和组织机构都是围绕对10个断面或者研究区进行研究的基础上而建立, LITHOPROBE被认为是国际上目前为止最成功的国家地学项目之一, 运用了地球物理(地震多道反射、地震折射和电磁等)、地球化学、地质年代学等各种地质方法。该计划在深部基础地质研究、矿产资源勘探、地质灾害预警、人才培养、深部探测仪器研制、重大科技专项的管理等方面均取得了很好的成果。LITHOPROBE也为世界其他国家的类似科研项目树立了模范。本文通过对LITHOPROBE项目立项过程、取得的成果、产生的社会效益和存在的问题等进行分析和研究, 希望对我国的深部探测起到借鉴作用。 相似文献
6.
随着2022年冬奥会所有雪上运动项目将在崇礼县进行,届时将接待大量国内外游客,但是该县境内在冬奥会交通走廊及赛场周边共有7个露天开采矿山点,由此产生了大量的矿山地质环境问题,有损于城市形象,本次工作任务是消除奥运通道沿线矿山地质环境破坏对视觉景观的影响。本文选择其中最为典型的三道营铁矿有限公司铁矿为例,阐述其恢复治理的思路,以供探讨治理方案。思路为少投入,多见效,治理重点考虑水土保持措施和生态复绿效果。矿区中较大的废石堆、渣堆、露天采坑,主要采用削高填低、分阶整平、覆土绿化的治理措施,矿区地势较低、容易汇水的地段修建截排水沟,将地表汇水引入露天采坑储存,并可作为绿化用水。设计的矿山工程从施工可行性、施工工艺复杂性、环境治理效果、工程投资费用大小及效益产出等多方面,进行了分析对比。 相似文献
7.
工程勘察设计企业项目管理研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
项目管理是国际上通行的科学的管理模式之一。但由于各种原因,项目管理并没有被我国勘察设计行业的多数企业采用。作者从分析我国工程勘察设计企业项目管理的现状入手,重点分析了项目管理的基本内涵,并结合项目管理的内涵和勘察设计企业的特点,指出项目管理必然成为科技型企业以及勘察设计企业管理的主导模式。还就项目管理与企业组织结构的选择以及勘察设计企业如何开展项目管理进行了具体分析和研究,提出了具有实际可操作性的对策建议。 相似文献
8.
《Geoforum》2013
Water rights adjudications lie at the intersection of law, space, and the geography of resource governance, combining elements of field cartography, archival research, and judicial supervision and decree. However, few geographers have examined the water rights adjudications now active in most western US states. Using case material and ethnographic vignettes from a larger geographic project on water rights and governance in New Mexico, I examine water adjudication as a vital instrument in the state’s pursuit of spatial knowledge. Resources and water users are seen by the state through this process, while at the same time, water users may elude or confuse state legibility. In this process, altered forms of governance are produced. Here, I explore how the formalizing of water rights in New Mexico has articulated new legal-spatial relationships, which are often viewed differently by state and local agents. I then examine the products of adjudications and the tension between local and expert knowledge in natural resources governance over being seen and governed by the state and the struggle to retain local autonomy and governance in water management. 相似文献
9.
10.
在综合分析地质矿产调查评价专项项目管理办法、管理职责与权限、管理内容与要求的基础上,针对传统模式管理弊端和当前管理难题,运用信息化技术手段,构建了基于SOA的纯B/S体系架构,采用工作流技术和快速开发平台搭建了地质矿产调查评价专项项目管理系统。系统实现了项目管理全业务、全生命周期的线上流程管控,具有项目信息管理、立项管理、设计评审审批管理、合同管理、委托业务管理、会议管理、质量管理、成果管理、资料管理、统计分析等功能模块,不仅满足各级别人员的工作需求,提高了工作效率,同时有效推进了项目管理的规范化、系统化、信息化和科学管理水平。该系统的上线运行对相关单位的项目管理工作具有指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
11.
M. T. Holroyd 《Mathematical Geosciences》1983,15(1):229-230
During the past 15 years earth science survey data compilation has gradually changed from a manual process to one almost entirely computer automated. Computer methods were at first an optional means for improvement of the speed and efficiency of certain phases of the work. They eventually became mandatory as in-flight digital acquisition devices were introduced and rates of data acquisition increased to the point where manual methods became totally inadequate. As a consequence of the phased replacement of manual systems with digital ones, and the pressing need to avoid interruptions to the work, the resulting software is highly specialized. Software systems are incompatible between different organizations compiling the same kind of data and even between systems for different kinds of data within one organization. The result is wastage of manpower in maintaining, learning to use, and improving the great variety of existing systems, and wastage of man and computer time in converting data to a form compatible with the peculiarities of each particular system. Comparative analysis of highly specialized compilation systems form several different earth science disciplines reveals that processes do exist at the fundamental level which are generally applicable to a range of disciplines. Hence a generalized compilation system capable of eradicating the problems inherent in multiple specialized systems is at least conceptually feasible. The most serious obstacle to its realization however, is the diversity of data content and structure among the various disciplines. To surmount this obstacle, a system with a great degree of physical and logical independence of data from software will be necessary. Existing methods of achieving such independence within data base management systems are found to be largely inapplicable to earth science survey compilation, the principle reasons being the very large quantities of data involved and significant differences between the data retrieval requirements of compilation systems and data base management systems. It is found that, although the data contents and structures vary greatly between the various compilation systems examined, a general abstract model can be constructed which adequately represents all of them and which incorporates the means for achievement of data independence. The logical data structures of current data base management systems are based variously on relational calculus, set theory, and graph theory. The compilation data structure model is based on simple algebra with the addition of some components of vector algebra. It is further found that simple algebraic manipulation of the model expressions faith-fully simulates the actual data manipulation processes which are applied by the various compilation systems. Furthermore, unlike the logical models of the data base management systems, the logical structure of the compilation data model also represents the actual physical structure exhibited by the data in its most common, sequential form. 相似文献
12.
E. Fernández Escalante R. Cordero Sánchez M. López Hernández 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2009-2031
Information and environmental education play a very important role in raising awareness of hydrogeology, particularly the Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). One of the landmarks of the DINA-MAR (Depth Investigation of New Areas for Managed Aquifer Recharge) i&R&D project has been the design of a dissemination plan applicable to hydrogeology, and specially, to MAR activities. The initial planning included reviewing various proposals of strategies for information, training and dissemination aimed at different sectors of the population grouped into homogenous groups. Upon execution of the dissemination plan, it has been revealed that the combination of dissemination and technology transference techniques (hereafter D&TT) with environmental education and psychological techniques has a synergetic effect with respect to the classical dissemination of knowledge in hydrogeology. It is being tested and applied in the implantation of the technique of managed aquifer recharge in countries where implantation is not widespread, such as Spain. As a result of the development of material and procedures for dissemination over 4 years, an embryonic strategy has been drawn up. It is a complex process which finally leads to a master catalogue that relates activities to target groups and their impact rate. This master catalogue allows the roll-out process of D&TT to be handled with a certain degree of planning, incorporating technical criteria with the transfer of the philosophy of dissemination, as a centrifugal process, from development groups to homogenous groups, from management and authorities to the general public, defining the limits of the circles of dissemination and the strategic directions. It also considers feedback methods and establishes stages to give the process a chronological order. In addition, some examples already tested in Spain to date are presented, not only activities, but also materials, most of them within the framework of the referenced project. 相似文献
13.
黔北桐梓红花园剖面是华南扬子台地经典的奥陶系剖面之一,其中的湄潭组下部泥页岩段产出大量的腕足类化石。在前人研究的基础上,形态分析显示：红花园剖面湄潭组下部的腕足类化石共有27属,其中以正形贝类Sinorthis的丰度最高,为湄潭组下段腕足动物中的优势类型。此外,Paralenorthis,Desmorthis,Xinanorthis等也比较常见,同为早奥陶世扬子台地近岸浅水环境下Sinorthis动物群的共生腕足分子。通过与黔中乌当地区湄潭组下段的腕足动物组合进行多样性比较,结果显示：桐梓红花园剖面的腕足动物,无论是化石丰度还是形态分异度,都明显高于贵阳乌当地区。两地之间湄潭组沉积环境的差异和研究程度的不同可能是腕足动物化石面貌不一样的主要原因。红花园剖面湄潭组下部腕足动物的多样性迅速增加,为研究华南早奥陶世腕足动物演化史上首次辐射事件提供了新的证据,也为探讨该地质时期黔中古陆南、北缘近岸环境下腕足动物的地理区系划分提供了重要信息。 相似文献
14.
Many stable continental regions have subregions with poorly defined earthquake hazards. Analysis of minor structures (folds and faults) in these subregions can improve our understanding of the tectonics and earthquake hazards. Detailed structural mapping in Pottawatomie County has revealed a suite consisting of two uplifted blocks aligned along a northeast trend and surrounded by faults. The first uplift is located southwest of the second. The northwest and southeast sides of these uplifts are bounded by northeast-trending right-lateral faults. To the east, both uplifts are bounded by north-trending reverse faults, and the first uplift is bounded by a north-trending high-angle fault to the west. The structural suite occurs above a basement fault that is part of a series of north–northeast-trending faults that delineate the Humboldt Fault Zone of eastern Kansas, an integral part of the Midcontinent Rift System. The favored kinematic model is a contractional stepover (push-up) between echelon strike-slip faults. Mechanical modeling using the boundary element method supports the interpretation of the uplifts as contractional stepovers and indicates that an approximately east–northeast maximum compressive stress trajectory is responsible for the formation of the structural suite. This stress trajectory suggests potential activity during the Laramide Orogeny, which agrees with the age of kimberlite emplacement in adjacent Riley County. The current stress field in Kansas has a N85°W maximum compressive stress trajectory that could potentially produce earthquakes along the basement faults. Several epicenters of seismic events (<M2.0) are located within 10 km of the structural suite. One epicenter is coincident with the northwest boundary of the uplift. This structural suite, a contractional stepover between echelon northeast-trending right-lateral faults, is similar to that mapped in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, and both areas currently feature roughly east–west maximum compressive stress trajectory. Based on these similarities, the faults in Pottawatomie County have the potential for seismicity. The results demonstrate that mechanical analysis of minor structural features can improve our knowledge of local earthquake hazards. 相似文献
15.
This article presents the difference in patterns of NGOs’ post-disaster reconstruction between the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2013 Lushan earthquake based on a case study of the One Foundation. The comparative studies of the One Foundation’s activities during the two responses illustrate that the organizational strategy gradually shifted from “resource-based” to “learning-based”. Their approach evolved from the providing of resources to the providing of knowledge, as they transformed both aid providers and recipients into collaborative learners, changed a resource-delivery organization into a learning organization and shaped a decentralized partnership of organizations into a mutual learning ecosystem in which knowledge flowed in multiple directions. This example of the One Foundation illustrates the potential future directions of NGOs' participation in disaster response in China.
相似文献16.
The hazard of any natural process can be expressed as a function of its magnitude and the annual probability of its occurrence in a particular region. Here we expand on the hypothesis that natural hazards have size–frequency relationships that in parts resemble inverse power laws. We illustrate that these trends apply to extremely large events, such as mega-landslides, huge volcanic debris avalanches, and outburst flows from failures of natural dams. We review quantitative evidence that supports the important contribution of extreme events to landscape development in mountains throughout the world, and propose that their common underreporting in the Quaternary record may lead to substantial underestimates of mean process rates. We find that magnitude–frequency relationships provide a link between Quaternary science and natural hazard research, with a degree of synergism and societal importance that neither discipline alone can deliver. Quaternary geomorphology, stratigraphy, and geochronology allow the reconstruction of times, magnitudes, and frequencies of extreme events, whereas natural hazard research raises public awareness of the importance of reconstructing events that have not happened historically, but have the potential to cause extreme destruction and loss of life in the future. 相似文献
17.
DECOVALEX Project: from 1992 to 2007 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The DECOVALEX project is a unique international research collaboration, initiated in 1992, for advancing the understanding
and mathematical modelling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes
in geological systems—subjects of importance for performance assessment of radioactive waste repositories in geological formations.
From 1992 up to 2007, the project has made important progress and played a key role in the development of numerical modelling
of coupled processes in fractured rocks and buffer/backfill materials. The project has been conducted by research teams supported
by a large number of radioactive-waste-management organizations and regulatory authorities, including those of Canada, China,
Finland, France, Japan, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK, and the USA. Through this project, in-depth knowledge has been gained
of coupled THM and THMC processes associated with nuclear waste repositories, as well as numerical simulation models for their
quantitative analysis. The knowledge accumulated from this project, in the form of a large number of research reports and
international journal and conference papers in the open literature, has been applied effectively in the implementation and
review of national radioactive-waste-management programmes in the participating countries. This paper presents an overview
of the project. 相似文献
18.
《Geoforum》2015
The world has recently been witness to the emergence of a new contemporary geopolitical phenomenon: the declaration of Islamic States by specific Islamic organizations. This phenomenon has the potential to dramatically transform the geopolitical setting of the Middle East and to have farreaching effects on a global level. Of these most prominent, however, has undoubtedly been the June 2014 declaration by the “Islamic State” organization of a “caliphate” covering large areas of the two war-torn states of Syria and Iraq. The aim of this article is to interrogate the territorial aspects of the Islamic State and to discern what makes it unique and exceptional in comparison to the many other Islamic political organizations that have emerged in recent years. In order to facilitate a better understanding of territoriality, I distinguish here between two major dimensions: conceptions of territoriality and tactics of territoriality. My working assumption is that by distinguishing between conceptions and tactics of territoriality, we can compare the exercise of territoriality by states and, in the present case, organizations. In this article, I argue that the Islamic State poses a challenge to both the conceptual and tactical dimensions of the contemporary territory and territoriality of modern states. Yet, while its conception of territoriality may be widely shared by other political Islamic organizations, its uniqueness lies in its tactics and strategies. Indeed, it is the brutal tactics of the Islamic State that are less acceptable to many Muslims around the world, not its political conception, which enjoys considerable support in the Muslim arena. Yet, when comparing it with modern states, the Islamic State poses a challenge to the territory and territoriality in both conception and tactics. 相似文献
19.
Kerry Pile 《GeoJournal》1996,39(1):59-64
In South Africa the science and practice of soil conservation have been dominated by a technical approach which does not take into account the perceptions, knowledge and needs of people living in rural areas. Attempts to incorporate land users into soil conservation programmes have not had much influence on conservation policies. In order to compare the scientifically-based physical appraisals of an area with the community's perceptions of soil erosion on their land, a project was established in a rural area of KwaZulu/Natal. This paper briefly reviews soil conservation policy in former homeland areas. It then considers the historical development of the community of Cornfields and their responses to changing government policies. The research indicates that rural dwellers have valuable knowledge concerning soil conservation, but that the neglest of such communities by agricultural and conservation authorities has led to the unsustainable use of the land. The area is severely eroded and soils in the area are amongst the most highly erodible in the province. Therefore levels of degradation would be high even without dense human occupation. This evidence is clearly important in future conservation planning and recommendations are made regarding a policy for the management of soil resources in rural areas. 相似文献
20.
A Guugu Yimmithir Bam Wii: Ngawiya and Girrbithi: Hunting, planning and management along the Great Barrier Reef, Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Melissa Nursey-Bray 《Geoforum》2009,40(3):442-453
The integration of Indigenous cultural rights with biodiversity protection can be explored in multiple dimensions and occupy contested grounds. This paper outlines the results of a research project that applied discourse analysis as both a theoretical and methodological tool to examine the power and knowledge relations within a case study of the development of a turtle and dugong hunting management plan by the Hope Vale Aboriginal Community in northern Australia. This paper reports on the results of this analysis and shows how multiple binaries exist within and between the different actors in a resource management problem. Findings show that contested constructions of the environment are hugely influential to the success or failure of natural resource management endeavours. The ontological frames that are adopted in supporting Indigenous peoples to manage their land and seas must be understood, otherwise there is a risk of reinforcing the very binaries that need to be avoided. 相似文献