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经略大西洋是着眼未来、建设海洋强国的战略抉择,更是我国海洋战略从区域化走向全球化的未来趋势。文章阐述全球化时代国际海洋秩序的变革以及各国相应的海洋战略调整,分析大西洋的重要历史地位与现实战略意义,并从地理位置、海上贸易、航运安全和海洋资源开发等角度探讨大西洋对我国的战略价值;基于北极航道的逐步开通,进一步分析未来经略大西洋的契机;在此基础上开展我国对大西洋的战略考量,提出现阶段可以把经济与贸易合作、海洋秩序维护以及科考与资源开发保护作为我国战略的优先选项。 相似文献
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随着综合国力的不断增长和海洋力量的不断提升,中国在大西洋的海外利益不断延伸,这对中国的海洋战略提出了新的要求。在《中华人民共和国深海海底区域资源勘探开发法》出台背景下,提前谋划中国的大西洋海洋战略十分必要。文章系统阐述了大西洋的全球战略地位,从政治与外交、军事与安全、经济与贸易、科技与环保等方面分析其对中国的战略意义,探讨大西洋海洋战略布局的目标框架。在此基础上,对中国大西洋战略布局进行现实考量,提出全面构建大西洋伙伴关系,提升大西洋资源调查、勘探和开发能力,中国海警加快融入国际海上搜寻救助体系等建议。 相似文献
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21世纪海上丝绸之路战略是新时期我国重要的对外战略,加强与沿线国家在海上的务实合作是21世纪海上丝绸之路建设的重要内容。文章通过探讨21世纪海上丝绸之路战略对海上合作在合作原则、合作思路及合作重点等方面提出的要求,分析我国21世纪海上丝绸之路建设重要据点——肯尼亚的战略优势及海洋优势,提出中国与肯尼亚海洋合作应从推动双方海洋科研院所之间建立合作机制、建设中肯海洋渔业联合研究中心、资助联合研究项目的开展、加强双方人员交流,扩大青年科学家培训规模、加强双方在海洋非传统安全领域的合作5个方面重点推进的建议,为今后中-肯海洋合作指明方向。 相似文献
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在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"重大战略构想的背景下,结合东盟国家对海上丝绸之路的重要作用。本文从海洋经济和海洋环境的角度对东盟国家存在的海洋综合风险进行评估分析,这对我国加强对东盟国家的认识,规避来自海洋方面的风险,更好地与其进行合作具有重要意义。主要针对东盟四国构建了评价海洋综合风险的指标体系;在此基础上,提出了基于改进的投影寻踪方法的海洋综合风险评估模型,以东盟四国中的菲律宾作为代表开展实验验证,最终得到菲律宾的海洋综合风险等级,并依据评级结果对我国与菲律宾的合作提供辅助建议。 相似文献
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国家开发银行“海上丝绸之路战略性项目实施策略研究：重点国家的战略评估与政策建议”课题组 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(4):3-8
文章从远洋渔业、海洋油气业、海洋工程建筑业、海洋工程装备制造业和远洋航运业5个方面概述我国海洋产业与"21世纪海上丝绸之路"沿线国家的合作基础和现状,提出面临的机遇和挑战;分析在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"背景下我国海洋产业开展国际合作的重点和方式,其中合作重点包括交通基础设施建设、传统海洋产业、新兴海洋产业和海洋矿业,合作方式包括以服务贸易为导向、以资源利用为重点和以产能合作为抓手;在此基础上提出政策建议,即加快"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的顶层设计和支点建设、推动海洋产业的海外布局以及制定和实施系统的海外企业支持政策,助力我国海洋产业顺利走向"21世纪海上丝绸之路"。 相似文献
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制定全球化海洋战略不仅是我国海洋强国建设的重要举措,也是服务海洋经济全方位对外开放的实际需求,更是我国海洋事业发展的必然趋势。基于价值观的演变,开展中国全球化海洋战略的战略背景分析,并探讨了全球化海洋战略的内涵;从维护国家安全、促进经济和环境可持续发展、寻求外线突破和参与全球海洋治理等方面,深入论述了全球化海洋战略对中国的战略性意义;探索了中国全球化海洋战略在四大洋整体布局框架,并讨论了其战略目标及战略手段。最后,从战略理念、法律法规、机制体制、国际合作、科技支撑与海洋文化等角度提出对策建议。 相似文献
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“21世纪海上丝绸之路”包含西进、北上、南下三条蓝色经济通道,海洋战略通道是蓝色经济通道上的重要海峡、水道和运河,海洋战略支点是我方经营开发的重要港口。随着贸易与战略物资运输对远洋海运依赖程度的加深,航运安全成为影响国家经济安全的战略性问题。海洋战略通道安全保障与航运战略支点建设成为推动“21世纪海上丝绸之路”建设和深化全球贸易联系的重要途径,对我国的战略物资运输与贸易往来具有重大影响。
科技部、原国土资源部、国家海洋局联合印发的《“十三五”海洋领域科技创新专项规划》指出：“我国海洋环境安全保障能力仍较为薄弱,……,尚不具备为海上通道安全、海上战略支点提供实时海洋基础数据和精确预报产品的能力”。国家重点研发计划“海洋环境安全保障”重点专项“基于卫星组网的海洋战略通道与战略支点环境安全保障决策支持系统研发与应用”项目,针对海上重点战略通道与战略支点环境保障需求,提出了构建SAR卫星组网观测系统的方案,通过现有SAR系统的虚拟组网,获取西进战略通道与战略支点的高时间分辨率遥感数据,发展基于SAR卫星组网数据的海洋环境和海上目标信息提取技术以及海洋环境精细预报技术,生成海洋战略通道与战略支点环境安全保障产品,进一步研发海洋环境安全保障决策支持模型,构建决策支持系统,并选择重点战略通道和战略支点开展示范应用,提升了海洋战略通道与战略支点的环境监测、预报与决策支持能力,进而为我国海上经济通道的安全提供了技术保障。
本项目由中国石油大学（华东）海洋与空间信息学院牵头承担,该学院是学校为更好地服务国家海洋强国和信息化发展战略,于2019年整合相关学科专业资源而组建成立的。学院充分发挥在青岛办学的区位优势,积极融入海洋领域、信息领域科技创新体系,大力推进科教融合,着力打造海洋与信息交叉学科特色。该项目是学院的第一个国家重点研发计划项目,对于学院发展和学校海洋学科建设具有重要意义。
在《海洋科学》编辑部的支持下,本项目组织遴选了18篇文章形成本专刊,其中涉及SAR卫星组网技术2篇,海面风场、海浪、内波等海洋环境信息提取技术4篇,船只、溢油、海岸线等海洋目标信息提取技术5篇,内波传播预测技术1篇,航行风险评价与海上救援路径规划2篇,海洋数据可视化与决策支持系统研发3篇,综述论文1篇。
感谢各位编辑在专刊的组织和编辑出版过程中所做的大量工作,感谢所有为本专刊撰稿的作者和审稿的专家。由于水平有限,本专刊难免有疏漏之处,敬请广大同仁谅解和批评指正！最后,感谢所有关心和支持中国石油大学（华东）海洋与信息学科建设的同仁,期待未来加强深度合作,共谋我国海洋科技事业发展。 相似文献
科技部、原国土资源部、国家海洋局联合印发的《“十三五”海洋领域科技创新专项规划》指出：“我国海洋环境安全保障能力仍较为薄弱,……,尚不具备为海上通道安全、海上战略支点提供实时海洋基础数据和精确预报产品的能力”。国家重点研发计划“海洋环境安全保障”重点专项“基于卫星组网的海洋战略通道与战略支点环境安全保障决策支持系统研发与应用”项目,针对海上重点战略通道与战略支点环境保障需求,提出了构建SAR卫星组网观测系统的方案,通过现有SAR系统的虚拟组网,获取西进战略通道与战略支点的高时间分辨率遥感数据,发展基于SAR卫星组网数据的海洋环境和海上目标信息提取技术以及海洋环境精细预报技术,生成海洋战略通道与战略支点环境安全保障产品,进一步研发海洋环境安全保障决策支持模型,构建决策支持系统,并选择重点战略通道和战略支点开展示范应用,提升了海洋战略通道与战略支点的环境监测、预报与决策支持能力,进而为我国海上经济通道的安全提供了技术保障。
本项目由中国石油大学（华东）海洋与空间信息学院牵头承担,该学院是学校为更好地服务国家海洋强国和信息化发展战略,于2019年整合相关学科专业资源而组建成立的。学院充分发挥在青岛办学的区位优势,积极融入海洋领域、信息领域科技创新体系,大力推进科教融合,着力打造海洋与信息交叉学科特色。该项目是学院的第一个国家重点研发计划项目,对于学院发展和学校海洋学科建设具有重要意义。
在《海洋科学》编辑部的支持下,本项目组织遴选了18篇文章形成本专刊,其中涉及SAR卫星组网技术2篇,海面风场、海浪、内波等海洋环境信息提取技术4篇,船只、溢油、海岸线等海洋目标信息提取技术5篇,内波传播预测技术1篇,航行风险评价与海上救援路径规划2篇,海洋数据可视化与决策支持系统研发3篇,综述论文1篇。
感谢各位编辑在专刊的组织和编辑出版过程中所做的大量工作,感谢所有为本专刊撰稿的作者和审稿的专家。由于水平有限,本专刊难免有疏漏之处,敬请广大同仁谅解和批评指正！最后,感谢所有关心和支持中国石油大学（华东）海洋与信息学科建设的同仁,期待未来加强深度合作,共谋我国海洋科技事业发展。 相似文献
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"21世纪海上丝绸之路"是我国在新时期提出的重大战略举措,我国南海地区作为"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的起点海域和战略基点,同时也作为连接我国与东南亚、南亚以及非洲与欧洲的桥梁,在这一战略中扮演着举足轻重的角色。文章立足于"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的丰富内涵并结合南海地区的历史发展脉络和开发利用现状,分别从地理位置、资源保护与开发、海洋经济繁荣与发展、地区安全稳定和国家海洋战略5个方面,分析"21世纪海上丝绸之路"建设对我国南海地区的影响:1强化南海地区"桥梁与枢纽作用";2促进南海地区海洋"资源宝库"保护与开发;3推动南海地区海洋经济发展与繁荣;4维护南海地区周边地区安全与稳定;5提升南海地区在国家海洋战略中的地位。南海地区必将在新时期我国建设海洋强国的潮流中大放异彩。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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以苯酚和4—溴苯甲酸为原料,合成一种尚未见文献记载的新化合物——4—溴苯甲酸—2,3,4,5,6—五溴苯酯,用无水三氯化铝催化苯酚的全溴化。此产物可望在阻燃剂方面得到应用。 相似文献