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1.
20世纪90年代初,加拿大地质学家Charles E Fipke先生在加拿大高寒的Lac De Gras地区发现的含金刚石的金伯利岩,把加拿大带入了寻找金刚石矿的高潮,相继在Lac De Gras地区发现金伯利岩管群和在加拿大中部的Fort à la Corne发现的金伯利岩群,使得加拿大金刚石产量位居世界第三。本文综述这两个地区金刚石矿的发现和分析含金刚石的金伯利岩的存在的特征,指出太古宙地台环境是含金刚石的金伯利岩存在的基础,厚度大的太古宙地台底部是金刚石晶体缓慢生长的天然高温高压培育仓、沿冰碛或沿水系沉积物追踪金伯利岩指示矿物是溯源金刚石母岩的手段、认识金伯利质火山地貌形态能起到在寻找金伯利质火山位置过程中事半功倍的效果,有助于理解金伯利质火山口相的变化。 相似文献
2.
辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿田位于华北陆块辽东新元古代—古生代坳陷带.矿田内金刚石矿均为金伯利岩型,目前已发现100多个金伯利岩体,提交了4个大型原生金刚石矿床和3个近源小型金刚石砂矿床,资源量占全国的一半以上.矿田内金伯利岩体成群、成带分布,有岩管也有岩脉,大小不等、形态各异.由于金伯利岩既是金刚石矿的载体,也是研究地球深部信息的重要对象,在金刚石矿勘查过程中对岩体地质特征进行了研究.本文认为,矿田内不同区域金伯利岩体受围岩成分混染的程度不同,西南部的岩群区金伯利岩体更适合用于研究深部信息;本区影响岩体形态的主要因素是断裂构造,其提供了岩浆上侵通道和就位空间,成岩后的逆冲推覆构造改造了岩体的形态.同时认为,区内控制金伯利岩浆上侵的深大断裂为古郯庐断裂. 相似文献
3.
铬铁矿是金伯利岩型金刚石矿床含矿性重要指示矿物之一.通过对山东蒙阴金刚石矿区无矿、贫矿、中等含矿、富矿金伯利岩岩筒中的铬铁矿红外光谱系统采集,寻找不同金伯利岩岩筒中铬铁矿红外谱图参数特征与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,以达到判断金伯利岩体无矿、贫矿还是富矿的目的.不同含矿性金伯利岩岩筒中50个铬铁矿红外光谱参数特征统计显示：铬铁矿红外光谱A峰吸光度与高频峰吸光度平均比值从无矿、贫矿、中等含矿到富矿金伯利岩岩筒,数据依次为0.71、0.73、0.83~0.93、1.09,显示出明显的找矿指示意义. 相似文献
4.
山东金刚石矿主要分布于蒙阴地区与郯城地区。根据2009年矿产资源利用现状调查资料,山东省有金刚石矿产地9处,其中金伯利岩型原生矿4处,砂矿5处。截止2015年底,山东省保有资源储量为1357万ct,其中常马金刚石原生矿资源量为326万ct,西峪金刚石原生矿资源量为1031万ct。虽然含金刚石的岩石类型很多,但到目前为止,仅有金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩（橄榄金云火山岩）可以形成具有工业意义的金刚石原生矿。在山东境内,目前仅有金伯利岩可形成具有工业意义的金刚石原生矿。由于山东金刚石原生矿皆赋存在金伯利岩中,因此研究与寻找金伯利岩是寻找金刚石原生矿的前提条件。鉴于此,对金伯利岩的赋存规律的研究,对金刚石进行成矿预测与指导找矿,都具有极为重要的意义。 相似文献
5.
辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿田是我国重要的金伯利岩型金刚石矿集区.为了更好地发挥物探在该区寻找金刚石矿的作用,对以往物探工作程度、使用的方法、取得的成果进行了系统梳理.通过总结发现,地面磁测在圈定浅地表金伯利岩体中发挥了重要作用;在寻找深部隐伏金伯利岩体时,音频大地电磁测量、井中物探发挥了重要作用;在研究金刚石矿控矿因素等问题时,1∶5万区域重力测量、大地电磁剖面测量发挥了重要作用.总之,物探是瓦房店矿田金刚石矿勘查中的重要组成部分,合理的方法组合能够解决相应的地质问题. 相似文献
6.
金刚石矿是我国的急缺矿种,具有很高的工业价值和经济价值。但是,过去的 50 年中国在寻找金刚石矿上始终没有取得突破。在科学理解金伯利岩火山地貌形态的基础上,利用卫星影像识别技术,建立一个地区金伯利岩的卫星影像识别标志,能够在金刚石矿靶区范围内有效地缩小目标。这些都是要建立在野外和室内的反复认证的基础之上。本文以世界著名的博兹瓦纳境内两个著名的金刚石矿,结合山东临沂和湖南常德地区的具体实例来推断金伯利岩的存在。在寻找金伯利岩时,理解金伯利质火山是玛珥-管道火山体是寻找金伯利质火山管道的基础,重视对低平圆形地质体成因的研究,建立一个地区的小型圆形地质体的卫星影像识别标准是一个野外和室内反复验证和积累经验的过程。 相似文献
7.
金刚石及其寄主岩石是人类认识地球深部物质组成和性质、壳幔和核幔物质循环重要研究对象。本文总结了中国不同金刚石类型的分布,着重对比了博茨瓦纳和中国含金刚石金伯利岩的地质特征,取得如下认识:(1)博茨瓦纳含矿原生岩石仅为金伯利岩,而中国含矿岩石成分复杂,金伯利岩主要出露在华北克拉通,展布于郯庐、华北中央和华北北缘金伯利岩带,具有工业价值的蒙阴和瓦房店矿床分布于郯庐金伯利岩带中;钾镁煌斑岩主要出露在华南克拉通,重点分布在江南和华南北缘钾镁煌斑岩带中;(2)钙钛矿原位U-Pb年龄和Sr、Nd同位素显示,86～97 Ma奥拉帕金伯利岩群和456～470 Ma蒙阴和瓦房店金伯利岩均具有低87Sr/86Sr(0.703～0.705)和中等εNd(t)(-0.09～+5)特征,指示金伯利岩浆源自弱亏损地幔或初始地幔源区;(3)博茨瓦纳金伯利岩体绝大多数以岩筒产出,而中国以脉状为主岩筒次之;博茨瓦纳岩筒绝大部分为火山口相,中国均为根部相,岩筒地表面积普遍小于前者;(4)奥拉帕A/K1和朱瓦能金伯利岩体是世界上为数不多的主要产出榴辉岩捕虏体和E型金刚石的岩筒之一,而同位于奥拉帕岩群的莱特拉卡内、丹姆沙和卡罗韦岩体与我国郯庐带的金伯利岩体类似,均主要产出地幔橄榄岩捕虏体以及P型和E型金刚石;(5)寻找含矿金伯利岩重点注意以下几点:克拉通内部和周缘深大断裂带是重要的控岩构造;镁铝榴石、镁钛铁矿、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和铬金红石等是寻找含金刚石金伯利岩重要的指示矿物;航磁等地球物理测量需与土壤取样找矿方法相结合才能取得更好效果;(6)郯庐金伯利岩带、江南钾镁煌斑岩带和塔里木地块是中国重要含矿岩石的找矿靶区,冲积型金刚石成矿潜力巨大。 相似文献
8.
辽宁省瓦房店金刚石矿田位于华北陆块辽东新元古代- 古生代坳陷带。区内各时代地层均有出露,其中新元古界出露面积最大。区内断裂构造发育,较大的有北北东向的金州断裂,已发现的金伯利岩体基本上分布在该断裂以西。矿田内金刚石矿均为金伯利岩型,已发现100多个金伯利岩体,划分成4条矿带,已提交4个大型原生金刚石矿床和3个近源小型金刚石砂矿床,资源量占全国的一半以上,是我国重要的金刚石矿集区,其中50号金伯利岩管因其出产的金刚石质量优越而在宝石界享有盛誉。但本区的金伯利岩绝大部分是20世纪70年代、80年代发现的,为了更好地开展金刚石勘查工作,对本区金伯利岩的成矿条件和控矿因素进行了研究,金伯利岩体的平面分布位置表明,瓦房店地区的金伯利岩体成群、成带分布,既有岩管也有岩脉,以岩脉为主,岩管约占20%左右,岩体大小不等、形态各异,钻孔控制的岩管、岩脉大多具有向下延伸突然中断的特征,钻孔中见到的金伯利岩显示,很多金伯利岩管底界平直或具有多个水平标高上出现平移错动的现象,典型岩管、岩脉与等轴或近等轴状构造盆地的关系密切。通过对区内金伯利体岩空间分布特征、岩体形态特征进行分析,并探讨了本区金伯利岩的侵位过程和就位机制后认为,瓦房店地区的金伯利岩在侵位的浅成阶段,由于岩浆携带大量挥发分,在上升通道不顺畅的地段使上覆地层隆起,当挥发分泄漏掉以后隆起的地层塌陷形成浅碟子状的构造盆地,挥发分泄漏的通道就是金伯利岩体的产出位置,也有部分岩浆沿次级断裂运移固结成岩;由于被晚期推覆构造改造,使岩管、岩脉出现水平错动,造成了钻孔中所见的平底岩管或岩脉向下延伸不大的现象,这一认识为合理部署勘查工作提供了新的思路。 相似文献
9.
金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿床含矿性评价是了解金刚石成矿规律和指导区域性找矿的重要依据。华北克拉通是我国重要的金刚石成矿远景区,目前已发现了两个重要的含金刚石金伯利岩岩区（山东蒙阴和辽宁瓦房店）。近年来,对岩区内不同品位金刚石典型矿床的研究表明金伯利岩中的金刚石品位取决于以下两个重要的地质过程：金伯利岩岩浆对金刚石的捕获作用和金伯利岩岩浆对金刚石的熔蚀作用。在华北克拉通下方存在一个金刚石稳定区,温度为950~1200 ℃,压力为4. 4~6. 1 GPa。山东蒙阴和辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩岩浆在上升过程中穿过该区域并捕获其中的金刚石,成为含矿岩浆;而铁岭和鹤县等金伯利岩岩浆在上升过程中不穿过该区域,成为不含矿岩浆。在穿过金刚石稳定区时,富矿的金伯利岩捕获了更多的金刚石以及金刚石的伴生指示矿物（如镁铝榴石,镁铬铁矿）;而贫矿的金伯利岩则相对捕获了少量的金刚石和指示矿物。这些指示矿物往往参加了金刚石的形成过程,有些作为缓冲剂控制了反应（岩浆或熔体）的氧化还原状态,有些则作为反应物或者生成物参与到反应中。部分指示矿物（如镁铝榴石）还进一步地记录了金刚石形成后金伯利岩岩浆对金刚石的交代作用。金伯利岩岩浆温度（T）,氧逸度（fO2）和挥发份(H2O和CO2)均会对金刚石的熔蚀作用产生影响,其中氧逸度作用最大,温度次之,而挥发份作用最弱。在华北克拉通,金伯利岩中指示矿物（镁铝榴石、镁铬铁矿）和金伯利岩岩浆特征（温度,氧逸度和挥发份）共同组成了金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿的评价指标。 相似文献
10.
鲁西蒙阴地区是我国金刚石原生矿重要产地之一,其含金刚石金伯利岩命名为常马庄单元。本文对该区金伯利岩地质特征进行了梳理,按岩石命名原则对该地区含金刚石金伯利岩不同岩石类型进行了重新划分和命名,共划分了细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类、粗斑细微粒金伯利玢岩类和含碎屑细斑或中细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类3个岩石类型和13个亚类型,同时首次从早至晚划分了细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类→含围岩角砾中细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类→粗斑细微粒金伯利玢岩类的侵入序列。通过对前人研究资料的综合分析并结合野外实地考察认为:以前套用南非金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿中心式火山喷发型成矿模式作为蒙阴地区含金刚石金伯利岩的成矿模式不符合该区实际地质特征。提出了该区金刚石金伯利岩新的成矿模式为中心式—裂隙式复合潜火山隐爆岩浆序次侵入充填型岩浆侵入角砾岩筒及其伴生的岩脉、岩床模型。 相似文献
11.
瓦房店地区是我国金刚石矿主要矿集区.金伯利岩浆侵入活动主要受超岩石圈郯庐深断裂控制.有利于岩体赋存的部位是基底东西向构造发生继承性活动形成的北东东向断裂.该两组断裂联合控制了区内金伯利岩体群沿北北东方向成排、沿北东东方向呈带的空间分布规律.由于北东东向断裂活动强度的差异,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号金伯利岩带由北向南呈现了岩体数量渐少、规模渐小、含矿性渐弱的规律性变化.基于此,认为在矿集区以北瓦窝-松树镇一带应具有对称性的1~2条金伯利岩带存在,并预测该区原生金刚石具有较大的资源潜力.另据区内已勘探矿床中含矿岩体剥蚀程度,推测约有3000万克拉金刚石被剥蚀形成砂矿.因此,区内侏罗纪-第四纪地层和第四系松散堆积物中金刚石也具有较丰富的资源潜力. 相似文献
12.
The Renard igneous bodies were discovered in late 2001 as part of a regional diamond exploration program launched by Ashton Mining of Canada and SOQUEM. Nine bodies have been discovered within a 2-km-diameter area, and are comprised of root zone to lower diatreme facies rocks including kimberlitic breccia, olivine macrocrystic hypabyssal material, and brecciated country rock with minor amounts of kimberlitic material. Many mineralogical and petrographic features are common to both kimberlite and melnoite, and strict assignment of the rocks as kimberlite is not possible with these criteria alone. Whole rock trace element compositions suggest a closer affinity to Group I kimberlite, with derivation from a garnet-bearing mantle. Exceptions to conventional classification of the rocks along petrographic or mineralogical lines may be due in part to assimilation of felsic country rock into the Renard magmas at the time of emplacement. The Renard magmas were emplaced into northeastern Laurentia at 630 Ma, when the supercontinent was undergoing a change from convergent margin magmatism to rifting, the latter being associated ultimately with the opening of the Iapetus ocean. 相似文献
13.
贵州镇远马坪"东方一号"岩体为中国最早发现的原生金刚石矿,受当时只有金伯利岩才含金刚石矿及后来西澳阿盖尔钾镁煌斑岩型金刚石原生矿等的影响,先后定名为金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩、金云火山岩等。最近专题调查分析研究表明,镇远马坪地区含金刚石母岩,其岩石学矿物学和地球化学特征均更接近澳大利亚典型金伯利岩,白坟地区岩体则类似于澳大利亚典型钾镁煌斑岩,建议将镇远马坪地区"东方一号"等岩类定名为角砾凝灰质金伯利岩,白坟地区岩类定名为钾碱镁闪石-透辉石-金云母钾镁煌斑岩,镇远地区兼有金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩的特征,与西澳大利亚极其类似,镇远地区乃至黔东地区具有较大的金刚石原生矿找矿勘查潜力和研究意义。 相似文献
14.
The diamond potentials of nine kimberlite bodies occurring in the Mirnyi, Nakyn, AlakitMarkha, and Daldyn fields were studied
by examination of 2026 10-m core intervals. Most typical rock samples of about 1 kg were taken from each interval for X-ray
fluorescence analysis of silicates. A total of 6715 kimberlite samples were analyzed. Pairwise correlation coefficients between
mean compositions of kimberlites and their diamond contents were calculated. Correlations with diamond presence (99%) were
found only for TiO 2, Al 2O 3, and K 2O. The negative correlation with TiO 2 and the positive correlation with K 2O can serve as criteria for diamond presence. These dependences are in good agreement with the petrochemical population model.
According to this model, the decrease in TiO 2 contents in the range 3.0–0.01% and the increase in K 2O content to 0.85% are related to larger depths of parental melting zones. Contents of K 2O exceeding 0.85% are determined by the presence of garnet pyroxenites, associated with processes accompanying oceanic crust
subduction, in magma formation zones. Formation of parental melts at larger depths determines higher diamond potentials of
kimberlite bodies. Our results confirm the hypothesis that kimberlite parental melts are selective melts of lithospheric peridotites
saturated with water and carbon dioxide. 相似文献
15.
The Central Mackenzie Valley (CMV) area of Northwest Territories is underlain by Precambrian basement belonging to the North American Craton. The potential of this area to host kimberlitic diamond deposits is relatively high judging from the seismologically-defined lithospheric thickness, age of basement rocks (2.2–1.7 Ga) and presence of kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs) in Quaternary sediments. This study presents data for a large collection of KIMs recovered from stream sediments and till samples from two study areas in the CMV, the Horn Plateau and Trout Lake. In the processed samples, peridotitic garnets dominate the KIM grain count for both regions (> 25% each) while eclogitic garnet is almost absent in both regions (< 1% each). KIM chemistry for the Horn Plateau indicates significant diamond potential, with a strong similarity to KIM systematics from the Central and Western Slave Craton. The most significant issue to resolve in assessing the local diamond potential is the degree to which KIM chemistry reflects local and/or distal kimberlite bodies. Radiogenic isotope analysis of detrital kimberlite-related CMV ilmenite and rutile grains requires at least two broad age groups for eroded source kimberlites. Statistical analysis of the data suggests that it is probable that some of these KIMs were derived from primary and/or secondary sources within the CMV area, while others may have been transported to the area from the east-northeast by Pleistocene glacial and/or glaciofluvial systems. At this stage, KIM chemistry does not allow the exact location of the kimberlitic source(s) to be constrained. 相似文献
16.
The discovery of ultrabasic rocks and of diamonds in Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic kimberlite pipes in the Siberian platform gave impetus to the search for diamond deposits in this area. Also, the discovery of diamond placers in Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine and nonmarine sediments in 1948 intensified the search. The geology of the area is characterized, as is that of the African diamond fields, by considerable faulting and heterogeneous composition of the basement, the development of large depressions, and a magmatic cycle dominated by basic and ultrabasic magmas. Many unexplored areas within the platform, undoubtedly having similar characteristics, are potential diamond producers. --G. E. Denegar. 相似文献
17.
目前所知产金刚石的岩石类型包括金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩、榴辉岩、蛇绿岩套、碱性超基性杂岩、碱性超基性煌斑岩和橄榄岩类(方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩等) 等偏碱性超镁铁质岩石, 而有经济价值的金刚石原生矿床仅见于金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩中, 除此之外的其他岩石类型中仅见有少量微粒金刚石.金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩都起源于地幔深部, 就此意义上讲, 二者是同源的, 但其岩石化学成分、主要矿物组成、产出大地构造背景以及同位素资料等, 却存在着比较明显的差异.由此构成了金刚石原生矿床的两个成矿系列: 金伯利岩成矿系列和钾镁煌斑岩成矿系列.金伯利岩成矿系列又可以根据其化学成分划分为3个亚系列, 即: 高Cr, Ti, Mg成矿亚系列, 低Cr, Ti, Mg成矿亚系列和介于二者之间的一种具有复杂化学成分的成矿亚系列.钾镁煌斑岩成矿系列则可以根据其主要矿物组成, 划分出橄榄石钾镁煌斑岩成矿亚系列、白榴石钾镁煌斑岩成矿亚系列以及介于两者之间的白榴石-橄榄石钾镁煌斑岩成矿亚系列共3种次级成矿系列.与此同时, 无论是金伯利岩成矿系列, 还是钾镁煌斑岩成矿系列, 又都可以根据其野外地质产状, 划分为以下3个成矿亚系列(形成时间从早到晚) : (1) 火山沉积凝灰岩成矿亚系列; (2) 火山凝灰角砾岩成矿亚系列; (3) 火山-次火山侵入相成矿亚系列. 相似文献
18.
The Cretaceous age Fort à la Corne (FALC) kimberlite province comprises at least 70 bodies, which were emplaced near the edge of the Western Canadian Interior Seaway during cycles of marine transgression and regression. Many of the bodies were formed during a marine regression by a two-stage process, firstly the excavation of shallow, but wide, craters and then subsequent infilling by xenolith-poor, crater-facies, subaerial, primary pyroclastic kimberlite. The bodies range in size up to 2000 m in diameter but are mainly less than 200 m thick and thus comprise relatively thin, but high volume, pyroclastic kimberlite deposits. Each body is composed of contrasting types of kimberlite reflecting different volcanic histories and, therefore, are considered separately. The 140/141 kimberlite is the largest delineated body in the province, estimated to have an areal extent below glacial Quaternary sediments in excess of 200 ha. The infilling of the 140/141 crater is complex, resulting from multiple phases of kimberlite. The central part of the infill is dominated by several contrasting phases of kimberlite. One of these phases is a primary pyroclastic airfall mega-graded bed up to 130 m in thickness. The constituents grade in size from very fine to coarse macrocrystic kimberlite, through to a basal breccia. The mega-graded bed is a widespread feature within parts of the body examined to date and at this current stage of evaluation appears to explain a variable diamond distribution within a tested portion of the pipe. A second different phase of kimberlite is interpreted as representing a younger nested crater within the mega-graded bed. Centrally located thicker intersections (>450 m) of this younger kimberlite may indicate a vent for the kimberlite crater. The thickness of the mega-graded bed increases with proximity to the younger kimberlite in the study area. Macrodiamond minibulk sample grades from the mega-graded bed have been obtained from nine large diameter drill holes, located within the northwest part of the body from an area of 20 ha, which represents approximately 10% of the currently modeled kimberlite outline. Diamond grade increases with depth within the mega-graded bed and also increases, within the same unit, towards the centrally positioned younger kimberlite. Macrodiamond sample grades vary from low at the top of the mega-graded bed, to considerably higher grades near the base. Total sample grade per drill hole varies from moderate near the vent feature to lower grades 200–300 m from the vent feature. Macrodiamond stone frequency measured in stones per tonne shows a pronounced relationship with depth and proximity to the vent feature within the mega-graded bed. There is a strong correlation between depth and increased stones per tonne, and a similar correlation between stones per tonne and proximity to the vent feature. The data supports the emplacement model of the mega-graded bed and, in turn, this information is useful in understanding the macrodiamond distribution within this bed. 相似文献
19.
Study of faults and secondary mineralization of host rocks of diamond-bearing kimberlites yields important data for local prediction of kimberlite bodies. Of special methodological interest are exploration data on deposits where the study of host rocks is based on a dense observation network. Factual material for this paper was collected from cores of all inclined exploration boreholes of the Maiskoe diamond deposit found in the Nakyn field in Yakutia in 2006. The paper shows a nonuniform distribution of tectonic deformations, stringer mineralization, O and C isotopes of calcite, and CO 2 content of Lower Paleozoic host carbonate rocks of kimberlites. Our data agree with different diamond potentials of two areas of the Maiskoe kimberlite body, which can be used to search for and explore deposits. 相似文献
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