共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 199 毫秒
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拦挡坝有效库容和泥石流冲击力是泥石流实体拦挡坝设计的重要指标,现有实体拦挡坝在泥石流反复冲击作用下淤积甚至填满,会对坝体调控能力产生重要影响.为此,基于理论分析和物理模型试验,开展坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击实体拦挡坝动力响应研究,推导坝后淤积条件下泥石流速度衰减率、坝体拦挡率的无量纲计算公式,并建立考虑空间分布特性的坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力计算模型.结果表明：泥石流速度衰减率和坝体拦挡率与淤积体高度/淤积长度比值和泥石流相对容重呈正相关;泥石流冲击力静动荷载组合计算模型能较好反映坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力的组成和分布特征.上述研究可为泥石流实体拦挡坝工程设计提供理论及技术支持. 相似文献
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容重是描述泥石流性质的重要基础参数。本文基于泥石流运动过程的时空特征,厘定了最大容重、峰值容重和平均容重3个容重特征值。以蒋家沟1987年以来的泥石流观测数据为分析对象,分析了3个容重特征值在数值上的分布规律和影响因素。结果显示：①最大容重与峰值容重的关系式具有较好的相关性,最大容重与平均容重的关系式具有实际计算适宜性;②最大容重和峰值流量均与泥石流峰值流量呈正相关,与泥石流冲出规模关系不明显。在现有泥石流容重计算方法基础上,进一步界定了泥石流容重取样、计算和校验方法,构建了泥石流灾害特征值计算中容重独立取值原则,即峰值流量、流速、冲压力等计算建议选取最大容重,而一次冲出固体物质总量、堵河危险性和危险区范围等计算建议选取平均容重。研究结果可为泥石流灾害防治提供参考。 相似文献
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容重是描述泥石流性质的重要基础参数.本文基于泥石流运动过程的时空特征,厘定了最大容重、峰值容重和平均容重3个容重特征值.以蒋家沟1987年以来的泥石流观测数据为分析对象,分析了3个容重特征值在数值上的分布规律和影响因素.结果显示:①最大容重与峰值容重的关系式具有较好的相关性,最大容重与平均容重的关系式具有实际计算适宜性... 相似文献
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通过对甘肃省舟曲三眼峪特大泥石流灾害的现场调查,从泥石流形成的地形地貌条件和水动力条件人手,以ArcGIS为平台,运用DEM数据,分析了特大泥石流灾害的三区地形地貌特征、固体松散物特征、降雨特征以及泥石流静力学和动力学特征。结果表明：三眼峪三区为泥石流的形成和径流流通提供了极为有利地形条件;固体松散物质补给量潜力巨大,会导致堰塞坝的放大效应;诱发此次特大山洪泥石流是一场局地性、短时强度大的暴雨过程,泥石流容重在2．10t·m^-3左右,属于高容重黏性泥石流;泥石流屈服应力在8000Pa以上,大小眼峪（降雨汇流区）及三眼峪（泥石流堆积区）泥石流流速分别为8．97m／s、7．06m／s和6．02m／s,洪峰流量分别为1659m^3／s、1553m^3／s和1896m^3／s,冲击力分别为46676tf、40236tf和21182tf,其破坏力巨大,危害严重,使得泥石流在汇流区破坏力巨大以切蚀为主,受地形影响,三眼峪出口处,冲击力减小,泥石流发生堆积。 相似文献
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通过对云南省维西县梓里沟泥石流进行现场调查,获取了梓里沟泥石流相关的数据资料,据此分别对梓里沟泥石流的容重、流速、流量、冲击力等动力学特征参数进行计算。计算结果表明:在不同爆发频率下,泥石流动力特征参数不同,且相差较大;在同一爆发频率下,不同沟段处,泥石流的动力特征参数也是不同的。 相似文献
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通过对四川山区20条典型泥石流沟道的现场调查,建立了流域形态完整系数与泥石流浆体容重的统计关系,通过拟合分析形成了基于流域形态完整系数泥石流容重的指数式计算公式,获取了回归曲线,并采用误差分析、影响因素分析及趋势分析验证了该计算公式的合理性。研究表明,泥石流流域形态对泥石流浆体容重有很大影响,在区域地质背景条件相似时,浆体容重随流域形态完整系数的增大而减小。当流域形态完整系数大于0.3时,形成的泥石流多为稀性泥石流,且逐步向水石流、夹砂水流的状态发展,浆体容重可达到1.28t/m3的极值,这与目前观测到的泥石流容重最小值相符。基于统计关系所建立的拟合公式尤其适用于流域形态完整系数较大的桦叶形泥石流沟,可为无法观测（已暴发或难以到达）的泥石流沟容重的计算提供简便方法,亦可为容重参数的合理确定提供区域性参考。 相似文献
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通过对太行山区木作沟泥石流实地勘查,分析并总结了该沟泥石流形成条件及发育特征.在此基础上,采用经验公式法计算了木作沟泥石流运动特征参数值,即4条主要支沟典型断面处泥石流流速、峰值流量、整体冲击力等参数,进一步分析了泥石流活动及发展趋势,最后计算得到泥石流最大危险范围.研究结果表明：木作沟具有利于泥石流形成的地形条件、气象水文条件及物源条件;泥石流易发程度为易发,发展阶段为壮年期,并逐步向衰退期过渡.综合判断木作沟具备再次发生泥石流的条件,对沟内居民仍具有严重威胁.建议在泥石流形成区设置谷坊坝,在流通区修建排导渠. 相似文献
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泥石流冲毁桥墩是桥梁在遭受泥石流冲击时的常见破坏形式。为了研究泥石流对桥墩的冲击力大小,通过调整黏土、沙、石子、水的不同含量,配置不同流变特性、不同密度的泥石流,使用所配置的原料在泥石流槽内对两种形状（圆形、方形）的桥墩缩尺模型进行冲击,综合考察了流变特性、流速、桥墩形状以及冲击力的关系。试验表明：试验配置的泥石流原料流变特性差异明显,且可以用简单的选择流变仪测得,用牛顿流体或宾汉体描述。泥石流的流速可用曼宁公式求得,而公式中的糙率系数与泥石流黏度满足幂函数关系。相同工况下,不同形状桥墩所受的冲击力差异明显,方形桥墩阻力系数普遍大于圆形桥墩。使用非牛顿流体雷诺数（Re）可以综合反映流变特性和流速,因此,圆墩的阻力系数可表达为Re的函数,而方墩则没有明显关系。为方便工程应用,可根据黏性泥石流、稀性泥石流对圆墩的阻力系数分别为2.3、0.9,对方墩分别为2.6、1.9进行选用。 相似文献
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粘性泥石流的平均运动速度研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
粘性泥石流是泥石流类型中最常见也是危害最大的类型,泥石流的运动速度是泥石流的动力学参数中最重要的参数,因此准确而简洁地计算粘性泥石流的运动速度就显得非常重要。不同的泥石流地区的泥石流阻力有很大的不同:有的地区阻力较大,属于高阻力地区,泥石流运动速度较低;有的地区阻力较小,属于低阻力地区,泥石流运动速度较高。目前的粘性泥石流平均速度公式还不能兼顾计算所有地区的不同阻力类型的泥石流速度。泥石流的不均匀系数在不同的泥石流地区有很大的不同：不均匀系数小的地区阻力大,而不均匀系数大的地区阻力小,因此可以用不均匀系数划分泥石流沟的阻力特征,从而得到能兼顾所有不同地区的泥石流阻力规律。由一系列野外观测资料得到的由泥石流不均匀系数、泥石流运动底部纵比降和水力半径计算的粘性泥石流运动平均速度经验公式,能适应各种类型的泥石流沟,与其它系列的观测资料对比有很好的一致性,与粘性泥流的观测资料对比也很接近。由流体流动的福劳德数可以确定流动的缓急程度。一般的粘性泥石流都是急流,少数是缓流,极少数是运动速度非常缓慢的容重过大的粘性泥石流。粘性泥石流运动平均速度经验公式用于一般急流的粘性泥石流的速度计算结果很好,但不适用于容重过大的缓慢流动,对于缓流粘性泥石流速度计算偏大。在对泥石流的评估和治理中,平均速度公式可以用于泥石流堆积扇上游渠道中的粘性泥石流速度计算,对泥石流堆积扇上的粘性泥石流速度计算偏大,不适用于缓慢流动粘性泥石流,但在对泥石流的危害评估和治理中可以忽略缓慢流动的发生。 相似文献
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The mean velocity of debris flow is one of the most important parameters in the design of mitigation structures and in quantitative risk analysis. This study develops a model to predict the mean debris flow velocity observed in the field by applying the incomplete similarity argument. An equation for estimating the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient for debris flows with a volumetric sediment concentration larger than 0.19 is accordingly derived using 128 sets of observation data from nine Chinese gullies, in which both the effect of the volumetric sediment concentration and channel slope on resistance are considered. The derived equation is then verified and compared against five previously published equations by using 61 sets of published observation data from six gullies located in four countries. The applications of the proposed equation are discussed, and the improvements made using the proposed equation are clearly very significant when compared with the previously published equations. 相似文献
13.
Landslides and debris flows that occur around residential areas are considered, globally, as significant disasters that cause damage to human life and property. With terrain slope defining the flow characteristics of debris flows, flow depth, flow velocity, and impact force vary by time and distance. In particular, when a structure is located in the flow path of debris flows, the flow characteristics of debris flows vary by terrain slope and direction angle. To simulate the flow characteristics of these debris flows, the simulation results obtained by FLO-2D were analyzed with six-stage conditions for the research area. In the analysis, the flow depth, flow velocity, and impact force were estimated on the basis of the outlet of the research area in the presence and absence of structure(s) at certain distances. With this, the variation of the impact force in accordance with the variation of the flow depth of the debris flows was highly similar to the simulation results obtained by FLO-2D, when the correction index (α) of the suggested dynamic impact force equation was 0.3–0.4. There were sections where the estimated value of the impact force was overestimated near the outlet, and it was judged that the fixed values of the terrain factors (width, roughness coefficient, slope, etc.) caused the impact force to be overestimated. However, the correlation analysis showed that the correlation index was above the normal ranges in the suggested dynamic impact force equation for debris flows with the application of the terrain factors. 相似文献
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Shucheng Zhang 《Natural Hazards》1993,7(1):1-23
This paper presents a classification of debris flows in China. These are classified into four related types according to their formation factors, material components, fluid properties, and movement patterns. Details of field observations of debris flow in China are also given. Several ways of using the parameters of debris flow are listed as well as their applied results. Some equations are formulated using velocity, discharge, and impact force. In addition, the paper presents a comprehensive approach to the prevention of debris flows. 相似文献
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水下泥石流阻力与陆面中泥石流运动阻力的不同点在于上表面的掺混阻力和剪切阻力。由一系列的室内无水滑的水下泥石流和陆面泥石流实验研究得出:水下泥石流运动速度与相同条件下陆面泥石流运动速度之比随不同性质的泥石流,如粘性和稀性泥石流,由于其屈服应力的巨大差别,有很大的不同。由实验得到的由泥石流体的容重和量纲为一的泥石流屈服应力表达的水下无水滑泥石流运动速度和陆面泥石流运动速度用于无水滑水下泥石流运动速度计算较好。 相似文献
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On 13 August 2010, significant debris flows were triggered by intense rainfall events in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, destroying numerous houses, bridges, and traffic facilities. To investigate the impact force of debris flows, a fluid–structure coupled numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics is established in this work. The debris flow material is modeled as a viscous fluid, and the check dams are simulated as elastic solid (note that only the maximum impact forces are evaluated in this work). The governing equations of both phases are solved respectively, and their interaction is calculated. We validate the model with the simulation of a sand flow model test and confirm its ability to calculate the impact force. The Wenjia gully and Hongchun gully debris flows are simulated as the application of the coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamic model. The propagation of the debris flows is then predicted, and we obtain the evolution of the impact forces on the check dams. 相似文献
18.
Statistical Analysis of Landslide Events in Central America and their Run-out Distance 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Graziella Devoli Fabio V. De Blasio Anders Elverhøi Kaare Høeg 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(1):23-42
Statistical analyses of landslide deposits from similar areas provide information on dynamics and rheology, and are the basis
for empirical relationships for the prediction of future events. In Central America landslides represent an important threat
in both volcanic and non-volcanic areas. Data, mainly from 348 landslides in Nicaragua, and 19 in other Central American countries
have been analyzed to describe landslide characteristics and to search for possible correlations and empirical relationships.
The mobility of a landslide, expressed as the ratio between height of fall (H) and run-out distance (L) as a function of the
volume and height of fall; and the relationship between the height of fall and run-out distance were studied for rock falls,
slides, debris flows and debris avalanches. The data show differences in run-out distance and landslide mobility among different
types of landslides and between debris flows in volcanic and non-volcanic areas. The new Central American data add to and
seem consistent with data published from other regions. Studies combining field observations and empirical relationships with
laboratory studies and numerical simulations will help in the development of more reliable empirical equations for the prediction
of landslide run-out, with applications to hazard zonation and design of optimal risk mitigation measures. 相似文献
19.
基于BP神经网络的泥石流平均流速预测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
泥石流平均流速是泥石流防治工程中不可缺少的重要参数,准确地预测泥石流平均流速对于泥石流防治工程的设计是至关重要的。将BP神经网络应用于泥石流平均流速的预测:将泥石流平均流速的影响因素--泥沙平均粒径、泥深、沟床比降和泥石流密度作为BP神经网络的输入单元,通过对云南东川蒋家沟泥石流观测数据的训练与预测建立了泥石流平均流速的BP神经网络预测模型。将预测结果与东川公式和曼宁修正公式的计算结果进行对比:曼宁修正公式和东川公式预测结果最大误差分别为27%和7.3%,BP神经网络的预测结果最大误差仅为3.2%,BP神经网络的预测精度是最高的,可见此方法对泥石流平均流速预测具有适用性和准确性。最后应用此方法预测了乌东德水电站近坝库区内的3条泥石流的平均流速分别为12.8 m/s、11.3 m/s和13.0 m/s,为库区泥石流防治工程提供了可靠的参考数据。 相似文献