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珠江三角洲中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来的沉积特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中山横栏地区在珠江三角洲第四纪地层研究中具有代表性。本文通过对该地区第四纪Ⅳ01钻孔岩性、粒度及地球化学特征的综合研究,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的沉积特征。结果表明,珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物自下而上包含三次沉积旋回:一次晚更新世海侵旋回和两次全新世的海侵旋回,其形成的下粗上细正向序列在进积型三角洲中具有一定的特殊性;在沉积学分析的基础上,结合粒度和微量元素B、Ba、Sr的指相特征,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的海侵-海退旋回,揭示在中全新世中晚期(约5~2.5 ka BP)发生了海退过程,进一步印证中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来存在三次海侵事件的认识。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲是一个复杂的网状河三角洲沉积体系,目前对其第四纪环境演化的历史仍存在多种认识。为进一步查清珠江三角洲地区第四纪环境演化的过程,对位于珠江口西岸的QZK6孔,在沉积结构、构造等研究的基础上,利用AMS14C和光释光(OSL)测年、有机碳同位素、粒度等对第四纪地层的形成年代和沉积特征进行了详细分析。结果显示,该孔39.40~27.38m发育晚更新世风化层、河流等陆相沉积体系,27.38~2.00m发育全新世三角洲沉积体系。其中全新世三角洲沉积又可分为27.38~5.30m由三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲组成的退积式三角洲沉积体系,以及5.30~2.00m的河口湾-三角洲前缘进积式三角洲沉积体系。该孔第四纪沉积特征揭示的环境变化,是对末次冰期低海面、早中全新世海面升高及晚全新世下降的响应。 相似文献
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第四纪钻孔岩芯时间标尺的建立是分析平原覆盖区第四纪环境演变过程的重要基础。通过分析江苏扬州市施桥镇运河大桥东侧YBK1孔岩芯中总厚度95.50 m的第四纪沉积物的岩性、颜色、物质组成、沉积结构和接触界面形态等特征,并对地层进行详细分层基础上,综合采用AMS14C、光释光、宇生核素埋藏和古地磁等年代测试,建立了YBK1孔的第四纪地层年代标尺。结合地层的结构、构造、标志层等的标志,确定YBK1孔第四纪沉积物下覆地层为白垩系浦口组红色粉砂岩,第四纪地层自上而下可分为4套地层,从老到新分别为:中更新世晚期的启东组上段,发育时代为0.1~0.3 Ma,厚度30.20 m,以河床相砂砾层为主,成分较杂;晚更新世早期的昆山组下段,发育时代为0.1~0.045 Ma,厚度仅1.80 m,以残留的河床相砂砾为主;晚更新世晚期的滆湖组中段,发育时代为0.045~0.01 Ma,厚度仅3.40 m,以海滨形成的灰色粉细砂和灰黄色砂砾层为特征,晚更新世晚期的上段及下段均未见残留;全新世如东组沉积厚度较大,达55.10 m,可进一步分为上、中、下三段,分界年龄约为2.5 Ka和7.5 Ka。该区的全新世以滨海、河口、河漫滩沉积物为主,其厚度突然增大与全新世时期的河床改道密切相关。从YBK1孔的岩性特征分析,研究区域缺失早更新世及中更新世早期沉积物,中更新世晚期至晚更新世时期受河流侵蚀作用影响,以少量残留粗颗粒河床相沉积物为特征;全新世时期,因河流改道,地表水动力条件减弱,沉积了较厚的全新世沉积物。 相似文献
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采用浅地层剖面测量、沉积物柱样测年和海图水深计算对比相结合的方法,探讨位于长江入海泥沙向南输送通道上的朱家尖岛海域的泥质沉积速率的历史变化,并通过水文泥沙测量和沉积物取样分析寻找长江入海泥沙向南输送的佐证。结果表明:朱家尖岛海域全新世海平面上升以来泥质沉积厚度为5~20m,相当于沉积速率0.06~0.25cm/yr;1840~1960年区域平均沉积速率为1.4cm/yr,近60年沉积速率仅为此前120年沉积速率的一半左右。据此推断:全新世后期以来该海域泥质沉积速率先后经历了一个长期(千年尺度)缓慢的增大阶段和一个短期(年代尺度)迅速的减小阶段,与长江流域人类活动和河口湾充填作用共同造成的入海泥沙通量的总体变化趋势相吻合。 相似文献
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里下河地区浅部沉积物多为全新世中、晚期堆积,多数地区缺失全新世早期沉积。沉积物以淤泥质亚粘土、亚粘土、亚砂土,粉砂质淤泥、淤泥质粉砂、淤泥及泥炭为特征。沉积前的古地貌为四周高、中间低的碟形盆地。古气候经历了温湿—暖湿—温湿—温干的变化过程。区内曾有两次海侵,第一次海侵发生在全新世早中期,范围几乎遍及全区;第二次海侵发生在全新世晚期,规模小、范围窄、时间短,为海水沿江河倒灌、回溯形起。该区古环境自全新世以来经历了浅水海湾—古泻湖—湖沼地及平原的演变过程,最终形成现今河湖稠密的低凹平原。 相似文献
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根据福建九龙江河口ZK1孔及ZK7孔沉积物AMS(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry,加速器质谱测年技术) 14C测年、古地磁和剖面特征分析,进行该地区的第四纪地层划分,依据粒度特征,结合磁化率、微体古生物和Sr/Ba等环境代用指标进行沉积相分析,重建了该区晚第四纪的古环境演变历史。结果表明:(1)九龙江河口第四纪沉积时代为晚更新世中期至全新世晚期。(2)上更新统沉积可划分为下部龙海组洪冲积相和上部东山组河漫滩相沉积,中间有10 ka的沉积间断,末次冰期又再遭受风化剥蚀作用,推测有5～6 ka的风化剥蚀期。(3)全新统最早沉积年代约为14 ka BP,依次出现河口湾相、河口砂坝—分汊河道相、潮滩相沉积。(4)根据年代学数据和沉积相变化,重塑了该区晚第四纪沉积环境变化过程,为该区的第四纪研究和工程地质工作提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文根据钻孔资料和沉积分析资料，研究和探讨了珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征及其沉积层的形成过程。结果表明，珠江三角洲晚第四纪具有两个陆相－海陆过渡相的沉积旋回；在两个沉积旋回之间，包含了一个海退过程。珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积层是由晚更新世和全新世两套海进河床充填层序和海退进积层序构成。 相似文献
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黄河源区第四纪地质研究的新进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
通过对黄河源区的钻孔、自然露头的研究, 建立了黄河源区的第四纪地层层序。第四纪地层可划分为下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统。下更新统为河湖相沉积; 中更新统主要有湖积物、冰碛物和冰水沉积物; 上更新统主要有湖积物、冰碛物、冰水沉积物、洪积物和河流沉积物; 全新统主要由河流沉积物、洪积物和湖积物构成。黄河源区的冰期可划分为3期, 即末次冰期、倒数第二次冰期、倒数第三次冰期, 末次冰期又可分为2个冰阶。黄河源区的湖泊演化可划分为早更新世、中更新世和晚更新世—全新世3个阶段: 早更新世的湖泊范围小; 中更新世的湖泊范围明显扩大, 在位置上也较早更新世的湖泊南移; 晚更新世的湖泊经历了两次的扩张—收缩变化, 到了全新世, 除现今还发育的几个湖泊外, 大多数地区的湖水已退出, 基本上转变为河流环境。在晚更新世末期到全新世初期, 封闭黄河源区的多石峡被切开, 湖水外泄, 现今的黄河形成了, 同时发生了袭夺长江水系的水流。 相似文献
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This study presents findings concerning Late Quaternary environmental changes in the Pearl River mouth region, China based on the study of over 300 boreholes. Out of these, 35 boreholes are selected for the reconstruction of transects across the deltaic plain and estuary. 39 radiocarbon dates obtained from these boreholes are used to help define the chronology of stratigraphic units present including two terrestrial units (T1 and T2) and two marine units (M1 and M2). Diatom assemblages are studied in 6 boreholes revealing similarities and differences between the two marine units. Before the area was inundated by the last interglacial sea (MIS 5), an older terrestrial unit of sand and gravel (T2) was laid down in a number of palaeo-valleys. During the last interglacial period, an older marine unit of silt and clay (M2) was laid down which was subsequently subaerially exposed when sea-level regressed during the last glacial period (MIS 4-2) causing the uppermost section to be weathered. During the same period, a younger terrestrial unit of sand and gravel (T1) was deposited along palaeo-river channels. Around the early Holocene before 8.2 cal. ka BP, the postglacial rise in sea level initiated a new phase of sedimentation in the outer part of the estuary, characterised by the high percentages of marine diatoms in the sediments. In the early Holocene, strong monsoon freshwater discharge resulted in sedimentation of a fine-sand layer in the inner part of the estuary. After 8.2 cal. ka BP, rapid rises in sea level caused widespread marine inundation and sedimentation. The diatom data suggest that the relative sea level associated with the M2 and M1 units were both at similar levels. Because the M2 unit is typically recorded at altitudes of 15 m and 20 m below the present sea level, this is likely to be a result of long-term subsidence. Although numerical dating of the pre-M1 units has not been made in the present study, the chronology of these units can be inferred from uranium-series ages and optically stimulated luminescence dating obtained from the adjacent coastal waters of Hong Kong. The T1 unit has yielded ages of about 30.0 cal. ka BP while the M2 unit has yielded ages about 130.0 cal. ka BP confirming their MIS 4-2 and MIS 5 ages respectively. 相似文献
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High‐resolution chirp sonar profiling in the northeastern Skagerrak shows acoustically stratified sediments draping a rough‐surfaced substratum. A 32 metre long sediment core retrieved from the survey area encompasses the entire Holocene and latest Pleistocene. The uppermost seismo‐acoustic units in the chirp profiles represent Holocene marine sediments. The lowermost unit is interpreted as ice‐proximal glacial‐marine sediments rapidly deposited during the last deglaciation. The end of ice‐proximal sedimentation is marked by a strong reflector, interpreted to have been formed during latest Pleistocene time as a consequence of rapid ice retreat and drastically lowered sedimentation rate. The subsequent distal glacial‐marine sediments were deposited with initially high sedimentation rates caused by an isostatic rebound‐associated sea‐level fall. Based on correlation between the core and the chirp sonar profiles using measured sediment physical properties and AMS 14C dating, we propose a revised position for the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in the seismo‐acoustic stratigraphy of the investigated area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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三万年前后太湖平原环境变化中的若干问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据近400个浅钻（30m）的岩性、岩相及其空间分布规律和14C年龄、矿物、粒度、微体、孢粉、软体动物化石分析,揭示了组成太湖基底及太湖平原的浅层第四系主要是23000—18000 aB.P.的褐黄色粘土、28000—23000 aB.P.前后的灰色粉砂和亚粘土以及大于33000 aB.P.的暗绿色粘土。上层和下层均属陆相,系海退过程中的泛滥沉积,示干冷环境;中层为海相,反映温湿的季风海洋性气候。区内全新统仅沉积于上层黄土侵蚀沟谷和洼地中,全新世海侵是局部的。 相似文献
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珠江口伶仃洋两岸5000年来沉积差异显著。西岸沉积了数千平方公里的三角洲平原,却失去了所有深水良港;而东岸的香港海岸,则长期处于侵蚀状态,保留了曲折的海岸和陡峻的水下岸坡,形成众多的深水港湾。以上差异对香港城市发展有深远影响。文章提出城港关系演变的3个阶段。香港高度发达的商业中心和现代化港口的各种功能系统在最狭小的空间里交叠在一起,带来城市发展的一系列问题。最后对今后50年香港城市发展进行情景分析。从持续发展的角度,指出计划的大屿山新港址有严重的策略选择问题。提出未来香港都市向大屿山东北扩展的策略选择。 相似文献
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《Quaternary Science Reviews》1999,18(4-5):541-548
Three main stages can be distinguished in the sedimentary development and geomorphological formation of the present delta plains on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The Early Holocene is characterized by post-glacial transgression and dependent sedimentation. The Middle Holocene was the period when sea level reached the present level, and apart from small fluctuations, stopped rising. Alluviation and deltaic progradation were prevalent during this transition period from marine to terrestrial environments. As for the Late Holocene, deltaic progradation slowed down and delta plains were covered by floodplain sediments. These characteristics can be observed in the same sequence throughout the Aegean coast of Turkey. 相似文献
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A Holocene sea‐level curve and revised isobase map based on isolation basins from near the southern tip of Norway 
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下载免费PDF全文 Anders Romundset Ola Fredin Fredrik Høgaas 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2015,44(2):383-400
We report a new Holocene relative sea‐level curve based on the stratigraphy in five closely located isolation basins near Lista in southernmost Norway. The results detail the progress and timing of the mid‐Holocene Tapes transgression, the peak of which in this region represents the highest postglacial sea level, as well as the rate of land emergence since then. One additional cored basin is situated above the marine limit. All the basins have bedrock sills that were levelled using a differential GPS. Isolation and ingression boundaries were identified by macrofossil analysis and radiocarbon dated on terrestrial plant remains. In most cases several dates were obtained from each transition. Relative sea level rose with a mean rate of 7 mm a?1 during the last part of the Tapes transgression 8600?8200 cal. a BP and then gradually slowed to a mean rate of 1 mm a?1 from 8200?7000 cal. a BP. Mean sea level reached ～5 m higher than the present level when the transgression culminated. Land emergence took place after this, first slowly at a mean rate of 0.4 mm a?1 until ～3900 cal. a BP before it increased to 2.6 mm between 3900 and 3400 cal. a BP. Since then it has slowly decreased until today and has been ～0.2 mm a?1 for the last 2000 years. Based on the new curve we present updated Tapes isobases for the region that are displaced by ～20 km in relation to the existing model. From one basin we also report a 5–10 cm thick layer of sorted, sandy gravel, embedded in a more than 5‐m‐thick deposit of homogeneous shallow‐marine mud. The gravel was deposited ～5500 cal. a BP, which is the same age as a tsunami deposit previously mapped in Shetland. As several typical characteristics of tsunami facies deposits are lacking, the origin of the gravel layer remains inconclusive. 相似文献