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1.
持续降雨是边坡发生失稳破坏的主要诱因之一,基于饱和—非饱和渗流理论,对梅州市大埔县某边坡的渗流场进行模拟,研究在不同降雨工况下该边坡土体体积含水率的时空变化规律。研究结果表明:相同条件下,降雨强度越大(降雨历时越长),边坡表层土体体积含水率变化越大;降雨强度60 mm/d历时1 d的暴雨对边坡表层土体体积含水率的增幅作用存在着一定的滞后性,其余工况未表现出滞后现象;降雨强度为120mm/d和300 mm/d的两种工况各研究点任意时段体积含水率较为接近;当降雨强度达到60 mm/d以上时,边坡内部体积含水率空间变化主要受降雨历时影响,降雨历时越长,降雨入渗深度和体积含水率变化越大。 相似文献
2.
地震作用下节理岩质边坡稳定性影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震灾害调查表明,在基岩山区地震滑塌主要发育在局部强度相对较大、节理较发育的厚层或块状岩体中.以岩石中含两组节理的岩质边坡为例,输入实际的地震记录,采用离散单元法进行数值模拟,分别探讨坡高、地震烈度、坡角及节理倾角组合对节理岩质边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:地震作用下坡体中质点的加速度、速度具有高程放大效应;节理岩质边坡稳定性随着坡高、坡角和地震烈度的增加而降低;两组节理不同组合的岩质边坡,其稳定性变化较为复杂,受节理倾角与坡角的关系、节理的倾向、两组节理之间夹角等因素的影响.节理岩质边坡在地震作用下是受拉区逐渐向受剪区扩展而最终导致边坡失稳破坏,是受拉和受剪的复合破坏.上述初步结论为评价山区节理较发育的岩质边坡在地震作用下的稳定性提供一定的依据. 相似文献
3.
为研究震后降雨作用下堆积体滑坡的灾变机理、裂缝发展规律、滑坡启动时间等问题,以甘肃省舟曲县江顶崖滑坡为对象,采用振动台及人工降雨模型试验,开展4组相同地震烈度不同降雨强度的震后降雨试验。研究结果表明：(1)地震作用使坡体发生剪切破坏,震后降雨工况坡体呈现土体流失的浸蚀破坏,在坡脚处产生明显的剪出口,震后降雨作用诱发堆积体滑坡发生局部失稳。(2)地震作用使坡体中部产生剪切裂缝与错台,后缘处产生“圆弧状”张拉裂缝,在后期降雨中,裂缝变形随降雨强度增大而加剧,并在降雨中期发生突变变形。(3)地震烈度相同的情况下,滑坡启动时间与降雨强度呈指数函数关系,土体沉降变形与降雨强度呈对数函数关系。研究成果可为堆积体滑坡在震后降雨作用下的预警及防治提供参考。 相似文献
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5.
循环剪切吸水条件下饱和砂土的应力应变规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实际土工抗震边值问题中,饱和砂土在许多情况下并非处于完全不排水条件,可能由于土性等因素的不同而出现各异的排渗条件。排水条件对土体的动力应力应变响应有较大影响,本文基于新开发的孔隙水注入控制系统,进行了循环剪切条件下饱和砂土吸水试验,研究了剪切吸水对土体动力特性的影响规律。通过试验发现:剪切吸水条件下砂土的抗液化强度较不排水条件下降低,同样的循环剪切条件下轴向应变发展更大;试样的抗液化强度降低和轴向应变增加程度随剪切吸水率的增大而增加。基于对饱和砂土体变规律的已有研究,本文初步解释了剪切吸水条件下饱和砂土应力应变特性规律的物理实质。 相似文献
6.
地震引起的滑坡对生命、环境和经济造成了巨大的威胁。目前,对于地震作用下边坡稳定性的研究主要集中在单一滑动面破坏模式,对于具有多个潜在滑动面边坡的地震稳定性研究比较欠缺。基于此,利用有限差分软件FLAC对不同边坡进行地震稳定性数值模拟,对比分析不同强度地震动作用下均质土体、分层土体和含软弱夹层土体边坡的滑动面演化过程和永久变形分布特征。结果表明：对于均质边坡,地震引起的滑动面为单一的整体滑动面,地震动强度的增加仅导致沿滑动面的永久变形量增大;对于非均质边坡,在地震作用下还可能形成通过土层交界面的局部滑动变形,且地震作用下最先形成和发生变形的滑动面与静力条件下得到的最小安全系数对应的最危险滑动面一致;同时,地震引起的边坡浅层和深层变形破坏存在复杂的相互影响,当局部浅层滑动先发生时,地震动的进一步增大很容易诱发更深层的坡体滑动,而当深层滑动先发生时,由于塑性变形影响地震惯性力向上部坡体的传播,浅层坡体的进一步滑动变形相对较难被触发。 相似文献
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通过大型地质力学模型试验,研究在无支挡结构下降雨对隧道-滑坡正交体系的作用机理。主要研究不同降雨阶段,隧道-滑坡正交体系下隧道纵向应变的变化特征及隧道不同横断面环向应力变化特点,并重点分析在不同降雨阶段,不同位置及其不同横断面滑体的位移变化特征。试验结果表明:(1)降雨可导致坡体横断面断裂而出现新的滑移面,从而导致坡体失稳。(2)在隧道-滑坡正交体系下,随着雨水的下渗及滑体土样含水率不断增大,隧道局部应变有明显突变,且山侧纵向应变比河侧应变要大。(3)在隧道-滑坡正交体系下,降雨使得隧道环向应力呈不均匀变化:隧道的底部应力大于顶部应力,山侧应力大于河侧应力,表明降雨可导致滑体蠕动或局部滑移,引起隧道不均匀受力及变形,这对隧道结构的安全非常不利。本次试验可为雨水充沛区的滑坡及隧道抗滑设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
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通过建立三维数值模型,对隐伏正断层在均匀错动和倾斜错动方式下土体的破裂过程进行研究。利用应力罗德参数和等效塑性应变分别对断层错动过程中上覆土体的应力状态和破坏形式进行分析,并提出土体破裂的判别方法。通过对数值模拟结果的分析得到以下结论:① 在断层错动过程中,下盘一侧受断层错动影响的上覆土体的应力状态经压剪→纯剪→拉剪逐渐变化,而上盘一侧上覆土体的应力状态变化较为复杂,经压剪→纯剪→拉剪→纯剪→压剪重复变化;② 在断层均匀错动过程中,断层下盘一侧土体的破裂率先出现在地表拉剪区内,随错动量的增大,破裂带向两侧、向深部扩展;同时,下盘一侧土体的底部产生破坏,并斜向上扩展,逐渐与顶部破裂相连;③ 在断层倾斜错动过程中,地表破裂出现的位置和上覆土体的厚度有关。对于厚度较大的土体,正断层倾斜错动能够在地表形成与断层走向有一定夹角、且与断层长度相比长度很短的地表破裂或地裂缝,而数值模拟可对正断层错动导致的地表破裂的模式加以补充,为研究地裂缝的形成机理和分布形式提供依据。 相似文献
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滑坡型泥石流由滑坡失稳解体为其提供物源,运动过程中在高重力势能作用下其所造成的冲击和破坏能力较普通泥石流更强,给人们生命财产安全带来极大威胁.传统研究方法多从土体物理力学入手,以局部试验为主,难以从时空角度对其发育机制进行大尺度研究.因此,本文结合坡向数据,利用二维形变分解获取沙湾大沟糯勒滑坡体形变趋势,以探究滑坡型泥石流在复杂形变机制下的发育模式.首先,通过小基线集干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)获取研究区坡表2019—2021年的Sentinel-1A雷达视线(LOS)向形变速率;其次,引入坡向数据,并联合升降轨解算出滑坡体垂直向和沿坡向的形变值,从而获取滑坡体二维形变趋势.结果表明,坡体长期处于滑移状态,最大形变速率高达-347 mm/a.坡体后缘受雨水下渗作用,自重增加,孔隙水压力增大,抗剪强度降低,位移表现为沿坡向和垂直向的共同作用;坡体前缘受两侧泥石流沟切割和后缘坡体挤压作用,表现出强卸荷,位移以沿坡向为主.研究表明了降雨对滑坡形变的影响,坡体随降雨发生季节性运动,揭示了滑坡型泥石流在水动力驱使下的发育过程．本研究从二维形变的角度进行分析,直观反映出了滑坡型泥石流的演化... 相似文献
10.
极端冰雪条件下的顺层岩质边坡滑移稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
推导了典型岩石边坡在极端冰雪条件下的滑移稳定系数的表达式;通过计算分析,揭示了岩石边坡滑移稳定系数随裂隙内水深、坡高、坡角、滑面倾角等因素变化的规律及与冻深的关系,并绘制岩石边坡滑移稳定系数与边坡几何要素之间的关系图。研究表明,当考虑极端冰雪灾害影响时,岩石边坡滑移稳定系数发生较为明显的变化：随裂隙饱水程度、坡面角、主滑面倾角的增加而降低,随主滑面抗剪强度的减小而降低;裂隙饱水程度越高、坡体高度越低、坡面角越小、主滑面倾角越大的边坡的滑移稳定系数,对裂隙冰冻胀力的反应越敏感。 相似文献
11.
Hysteresis is a common feature exhibited in hydraulic properties of an unsaturated soil. The movement of wetting front and the hysteresis effect are important factors which impact the shear strength of the unsaturated soil and the mechanics of shallow landslides. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting front accompanied by a decrease in matric suction induced by infiltration. This research establishes a method for determining a stability analysis of unsaturated infinite soil slopes, integrating the influence of infiltration and the water retention curve hysteresis. Furthermore, the present stability analysis method including the infiltration model and the advanced Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion calculates the variations of the safety factor (FS) in accordance with different slope angle, depth and hydrological processes. The experimentally measured data on the effect of hysteresis are also carried out for comparison. Numerical analyses, employing both wetting and drying hydraulic behaviour of unsaturated soil, are performed to study the difference in soil‐water content as observed in the experiments. The simulating approximations also fully responded to the experimental data of sand box. The results suggest that the hysteresis behaviour affect the distribution of soil‐water content within the slope indeed. The hysteresis made the FS values a remarkable recovery during the period of non‐rainfall in a rainfall event. The appropriate hydraulic properties of soil (i.e. wetting or drying) should be used in accordance with the processes that unsaturated soil actually experience. This method will enable us to acquire more accurate matric suction head and the unsaturated soil‐shear strength as it changes with the hysteretic flow, in order to calculate into the stability analysis of shallow landslides. An advanced understanding of the process mechanism afforded by this method is critical to realizing a reliable and appropriate design for slope stabilization. It also offers some immediate reference information to the disaster reduction department of the government. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Rainfall-induced landslides are a common occurrence in terrain with steep topography and soils that have degradable strength. Rainfall infiltration into a partially saturated slope of infinite extent can lead to either a decrease or complete elimination of soil suction, compromising the slopes' stability. In this research the rainfall infiltration coupled with deformation of a partially saturated soil slope during rainfall infiltration is analyzed. The limit equilibrium conditions and the shear strength relationship of a partially saturated soil are employed to develop an analytical solution for calculating the stability of an infinite partially saturated slope due to rainfall infiltration. The analytical solutions are able to consider the influence of the coupled effects on the stability of the slope. The factors that affect the safety of a partially saturated slope of infinite extent are discussed. The results indicate that the poro-mechanical coupling of water infiltration and deformation has an important effect on the stability of the infinite unsaturated slope. 相似文献
13.
To clarify the changes in slope stability of loess slopes under the coupling action of rainfall and vehicle loads. Experiments with different water contents under different environmental conditions were carried out indoors, and the relationship function between water content and shear strength parameters was obtained; Secondly, based on Geostudio, an equivalent layered calculation model of water content-strength parameters of loess slope was established, the variation law of soil sample matrix suction with volumetric water content was measured by volumetric pressure plate tester. Finally, by using a combination of finite element analysis of saturated/unsaturated seepage and limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability, the SLOPE/W module in the modeling software GeoStudio is used to calculate and analyze the effects of vehicle loads, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and other working conditions on the stability of loess slopes, respectively. The results show that when the lane is in the middle of the slope, the vehicle load parameters have little effect on the uphill stability, but have a greater impact on the downhill; With the increase in rainfall, the change curves of the slope safety coefficient gradually overlap when the vehicle loads are four-axis,five-axis, and six-axis. This shows that when studying the change of slope safety factor under the dual influence of vehicle loads and rainfall, rainfall is the main cause of slope stability; The change rate of slope safety factor increases gradually with the increase of rainfall, and the change trends of the upper, lower and overall parts of the slope are similar. 相似文献
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Hillslopes have complex three‐dimensional shapes that are characterized by their plan shape, profile curvature of surface and bedrock, and soil depth. To investigate the stability of complex hillslopes (with different slope curvatures and plan shapes), we combine the hillslope‐storage Boussinesq (HSB) model with the infinite slope stability method. The HSB model is based on the continuity and Darcy equations expressed in terms of storage along the hillslope. Solutions of the HSB equation account explicitly for plan shape by introducing the hillslope width function and for profile curvature through the bedrock slope angle and the hillslope soil depth function. The presented model is composed of three parts: a topography model conceptualizing three‐dimensional soil mantled landscapes, a dynamic hydrology model for shallow subsurface flow and water table depth (HSB model) and an infinite slope stability method based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure law. The resulting hillslope‐storage Boussinesq stability model (HSB‐SM) is able to simulate rain‐induced shallow landsliding on hillslopes with non‐constant bedrock slope and non‐parallel plan shape. We apply the model to nine characteristic hillslope types with three different profile curvatures (concave, straight, convex) and three different plan shapes (convergent, parallel, divergent). In the presented model, the unsaturated storage has been calculated based on the unit head gradient assumption. To relax this assumption and to investigate the effect of neglecting the variations of unsaturated storage on the assessment of slope stability in the transient case, we also combine a coupled model of saturated and unsaturated storage and the infinite slope stability method. The results show that the variations of the unsaturated zone storage do not play a critical role in hillslope stability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the presented dynamic slope stability model (HSB‐SM) can be used safely for slope stability analysis on complex hillslopes. Our results show that after a certain period of rainfall the convergent hillslopes with concave and straight profiles become unstable more quickly than others, whilst divergent convex hillslopes remain stable (even after intense rainfall). In addition, the relation between subsurface flow and hillslope stability has been investigated. Our analyses show that the minimum safety factor (FS) occurs when the rate of subsurface flow is a maximum. In fact, by increasing the subsurface flow, stability decreases for all hillslope shapes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Better knowledge regarding internal soil moisture and piezometric responses in the process of rainfall-induced shallow slope failures is the key to an effective prediction of the landslide and/or debris flow initiation. To this end, internal soil moisture and piezometric response of 0.7-m-deep, 1.5-m-wide, 1.7-m-high, and 3.94-m-long semi-infinite sandy slopes rested on a bi-linear impermeable bedrock were explored using a chute test facility with artificial rainfall applications. The internal response time defined by the inflection point of the soil moisture and piezometric response curves obtained along the soil–bedrock interface were closely related to some critical failure states, such as the slope toe failure and extensive slope failures. It was also found that the response times obtained at the point of abrupt bedrock slope decrease can be used as indicators for the initiation of rainfall-induced shallow slope failures. An investigation of spatial distributions of soil water content, ω (or degrees of saturation, Sr), in the slope at critical failure states shows that the 0.2 m – below – surface zone remains unsaturated with Sr 40–60%, regardless of their distances from the toe and the rainfall intensity. Non-uniform distributions of ω (or Sr) along the soil–bedrock interface at critical failure states were always associated with near-saturation states (Sr 80–100%) around the point of bedrock slope change or around the transient ‘toe’ upstream of the slumped mass induced by the retrogressive failure of the slope. These observations suggest the important role of the interflow along the soil–bedrock interface and the high soil water content (or high porewater pressure) around the point of bedrock slope deflection in the rainfall-induced failure of sandy slopes consisting of shallow impermeable bedrocks. The present study proposes an ‘internal response time’ criterion to substantiate the prediction of rainfall-induced shallow slope failures. It is believed that the ‘internal response time’ reflects the overall characteristics of a slope under rainfall infiltration and can be as useful as the conventional meteorology-based threshold times. The ‘internal response time’ theory can be generalized via numerical modeling of slope hydrology, slope geology and slope stability in the future. 相似文献
16.
CAI Qiangguo WANG Guiping Institute of Geography Chinese Academy of Science Beijing Shanxi Institute of Soil Water Conservation Lishi Shanxi Province 《国际泥沙研究》1993,(3)
I. INTRODUCTIONSumming up recent research achievements, Huang (1993) pointed out that the capaciucs ordetachment and transport by rill now were much greater than tboso by rain drop impact and sheet now. soil erosion by water on upper slope area is frcquenhy discussed interms of interrill and rill erosional sub--processes. Compared with rill erosion, interrlll erosion contributes a very small proportion to the sediment transported downwards (Foster,1982). Field experiments conducted by Ca… 相似文献
17.
Numerical simulation experiments of water erosion at the local scale (20 × 5 m) using a process‐based model [Plot Soil Erosion Model_2D (PSEM_2D)] were carried out to test the effects of various environmental factors (soil type, meteorological forcing and slope gradient) on the runoff and erosion response and to determine the dominant processes that control the sediment yield at various slope lengths. The selected environmental factors corresponded to conditions for which the model had been fully tested beforehand. The use of a Green and Ampt model for infiltration explained the dominant role played by rainfall intensity in the runoff response. Sediment yield at the outlet of the simulated area was correlated positively with rainfall intensity and slope gradient, but was less sensitive to soil type. The relationship between sediment yield (soil loss per unit area) and slope length was greatly influenced by all environmental factors, but there was a general tendency towards higher sediment yield when the slope was longer. Contribution of rainfall erosion to gross erosion was dominant for all surfaces with slope lengths ranging from 4 to 20 m. The highest sediment yields corresponded to cases where flow erosion was activated. An increase in slope gradient resulted in flow detachment starting upstream. Sediment exported at the outlet of the simulated area came predominantly from the zone located near the outlet. The microrelief helped in the development of a rill network that controlled both the ratio between rainfall and flow erosion and the relationship between sediment yield and slope length. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Soil moisture is a key process in the hydrological cycle. During ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau, soil moisture status has undergone important changes, and infiltration of soil moisture during precipitation events is a key link affecting water distribution. Our study aims to quantify the effects of vegetation cover, rainfall intensity and slope length on total infiltration and the spatial variation of water flow. Infiltration data from the upper, middle and lower slopes of a bare slope, a natural grassland and an artificial shrub grassland were obtained using a simulated rainfall experiment. The angle of the study slope was 15° and rainfall intensity was set at 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mm/hr. The effect these factors have on soil moisture infiltration was quantified using main effect analysis. Our results indicate that the average infiltration depth (ID) of a bare slope, a grassland slope and an artificial shrub grassland slope was 46.7–73.3, 60–80, and 60–93.3 cm, respectively, and average soil moisture storage increment was 3.5–5.7, 5.0–9.4, and 5.7–10.2 mm under different rainfall intensities, respectively. Heavy rainfall intensity and vegetation cover reduced the difference of soil infiltration in the 0–40 cm soil layer, and rainfall intensity increased surface infiltration differences on the bare slope, the grassland slope and the artificial shrub grassland slope. Infiltration was dominated by rainfall intensity, accounting for 63.03–88.92%. As rainfall continued, the contribution of rainfall intensity to infiltration gradually decreased, and the contribution of vegetation cover and slope length to infiltration increased. The interactive contribution was: rainfall intensity * vegetation cover > vegetation cover * slope length > rainfall * slope length. In the grass and shrub grass slopes, lateral flow was found at a depth of 23–37 cm when the slope length was 5–10 m, this being related to the difference in soil infiltration capacity between different soil layers formed by the spatial cross-connection of roots. 相似文献