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1.
煤矿冲击矿压现象日益严峻,作为矿山动力灾害的主要监测手段,微震监测系统已在许多矿井广泛使用,为保证矿震定位和能量计算的准确,提高预测预报煤矿冲击矿压的可行性,应建立一套台网布设优化及评价系统.应用微震定位和D值优化设计理论,结合煤矿实际条件研究了影响矿震定位精度的主要因素和不利条件,并提出了采用综合指数法确定煤矿高微震活动区域和区域内矿震发生的概率,制定了台站候选点和监测区域确定的一般原则.通过理论分析震中和震源标准差反映台网定位能力的不足,建立基于数值仿真实验方法的震中与震源误差期望值模型,最终形成台网布设优化及评价系统.实验和现场应用结果表明,该系统能够快速确定台网最优布设方案,准确评价台网定位能力,满足煤矿微震监测的需要. 相似文献
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Navid Hosseini 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(5):1101-1110
Rockburst is a typical dynamic disaster in underground coal mines which its occurrences relate to the mechanical quality of coal seam and surrounding rock mass and also the condition of stress distribution. The main aim of this paper is to study the potential of rockburst in a longwall coal mine by using of passive seismic velocity tomography and image subtraction technique. For this purpose, first by mounting an array of receivers on the surface above the active panel, the mining-induced seismic data as a passive source for several continuous days were recorded. Then, the three-dimensional tomograms using simultaneous iteration reconstruction technique (SIRT) for each day are created and by employing the velocity filtering, the overstressed zones are detected. In addition, the two-dimensional seismic velocity tomograms in coal seam level by slicing the three-dimensional tomograms are obtained. Then the state of stress changes in successive days by applying the image subtraction technique on these two-dimensional tomograms is considered. The results show that the compilation of filtered three-dimensional tomograms and subtracted images is an appropriate approach for detecting the overstressed zones around the panel and subsequent evaluation of rockburst potential. The research conclusion proves that the applied approach in this study in combination with field observations of rock mass status can effectively identify the rockburst-prone areas during the mining operation and help to improve the safety condition. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(1):5-13
An electromagnetic radiation (EMR) method associated with rock fracture was employed to study water infusion in rockburst-prone coal strata. Measurements of EMR activity during borehole drilling revealed that a hole nearing a stress peak excites a sharp increase in EMR activity. Water pressure increase/decrease excited EMR activity up to the coal stratum transition to residual stress. An absence of EMR activity during water pressure changes could be a criterion for water infusion performance. 相似文献
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A probabilistic relation between seismic activity and the volumeV of extracted deposits in mines is derived $$\Sigma E = C \cdot V^B ,$$ whereC andB are parameters characterizing mining works and the state of rock mass. Assuming that the measure of seismic hazard is the amount of seismic energy released in a given time interval, it is shown how the hazard can be evaluated continuously. The derived relations were tested in selected coal mines in Upper Silesia. 相似文献
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In the Upper Silesian Coal Field the seismic hazard induced by mining operations in collieries is closely related to the rockburst hazard. A seismic method is used for premonitory recognition of the zones of seismic hazard. It takes advantage of the relationship between the velocity of propagation of seismic waves and the state of stress existing in the rock. It consists of the determination of the velocity field of artificially induced seismic waves in a studied fragment of the rock, and of locating the velocity anomaly. The position of the velocity anomaly zones and their intensity are the basis for estimating the seismic hazard in advance of mining works. 相似文献
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Jing Li Si-Yuan Gong Jiang He Wu Cai Guang-An Zhu Chang-Bin Wang Tian Chen 《Acta Geophysica》2017,65(1):77-88
A better understanding of rockburst precursors and high stress distribution characteristics can allow for higher extraction efficiency with reduced safety concerns. Taking the rockburst that occurred on 30 January 2015 in the Sanhejian Coal Mine, Jiangsu Province, China, as an example, the mechanism of rockburst development in a roadway was analysed, and a combined method involving b values and seismic velocity tomography was used to assess the rockburst in both time and space, respectively. The results indicate that before the rockburst, b values dropped significantly from 0.829 to 0.373. Moreover, a good agreement between a significant decrease in b values and the increase of the number of strong tremors was found. Using seismic tomography, two rockburst risk areas were determined where the maximum velocity, maximum velocity anomaly and maximum velocity gradient anomaly were 6 km/s, 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. The high-velocity regions corresponded well with the rockburst zone and large seismic event distributions. The combination of b values and seismic tomography is proven to have been a promising tool for use in evaluating rockburst risk during underground coal mining. 相似文献
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Coal resources and water resources play an essential and strategic role in the development of China's social and economic development, being the priority for China's medium and long technological development. As the mining of the coal extraction is increasingly deep, the mine water inrush of high-pressure confined karst water becomes much more a problem. This paper carried out research on the hundred-year old Kailuan coal mine's karst groundwater system. With the help of advanced Visual Modflow software and numerical simulation method, the paper assessed the flow field of karst water area under large-scale exploitation. It also predicted the evolution ofgroundwaterflow field under different mining schemes of Kailuan Corp. The result shows that two cones of depression are formed in the karst flow field of Zhaogezhuang mining area and Tangshan mining area, and the water levels in two cone centers are −270 m and −31 m respectively, and the groundwater generally flows from the northeast to the southwest. Given some potential closed mines in the future, the mine discharge will decrease and the water level of Ordovician limestone will increase slightly. Conversely, given increase of coal yield, the mine drainage will increase, falling depression cone of Ordovician limestone flow field will enlarge. And in Tangshan's urban district, central water level of the depression cone will move slightly towards north due to pumping of a few mines in the north. 相似文献
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Analysis of spatial distribution of mining tremors occurring in Rudna copper mine (Poland) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maria Kozłowska 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(5):1156-1169
The distribution of mining tremors is strictly related to the exploitation progress of mining works and, consequently, to the local stress field. In case the distribution is known, it is possible to determine future area of intensive seismicity in exploited mining panel. In the paper, an analysis of working face-to-tremor distance for Rudna copper mine in Poland is presented. In order to develop a spatial model of tremors’ occurrence in the exploited mine, the seismicity of four mining sections in the five-month period was investigated and the tremors’ distribution was obtained. It was compared with the spatial distribution of tremors in coal mines found in the literature. The results show that the places where tremors mostly occur — the vicinity of the face, in front of it — coincide with the high-stress area predicted by literature models. The obtained results help to predict the future seismic zone connected with planned mining section, which can be used in seismic hazard analysis. 相似文献
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This project was started in 1985, after a particularly extensive period of rockburst activity in several Ontario mines. Three parties participated in the project: the Government of Canada, through CANMET, the Ontario Ministries of Labour and Northern Development and Mines, and the Ontario Mining Association.The first two years of the project have been mainly devoted to the design and installation of new seismic monitoring systems. It is intended to install three different types of monitoring systems at the four mining camps experiencing rockbursts (Red Lake, Elliot Lake, Sudbury, and Kirkland Lake). Seismograph units will be installed at each mining camp to obtain permanent records of the larger seismic events and their magnitude. Macroseismic systems are being installed around five mines (Campbell, Quirke, Strathcona, Creighton and Macassa). These systems consist of triaxial, strong-motion geophones with processing units for event detection and data digitization. Complete waveforms are captured to study first motion, peak particle velocity, seismic energy and spectral frequency. At present 13 mines in Ontario operate their own microseismic systems which are used exclusively for real time source location of seismic events.The instrumentation already installed and the present research activities at the mines are described in the paper.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal 1987. 相似文献
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S. M. Spottiswoode 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(3-4):673-680
This paper summarizes seismic and rockburst research activities related to South African deep-level gold mines over the period 1983 to 1987. It covers continued research in directions that were considered in the Seismicity in Mines Symposium in 1982 as well as in several new areas of research. Five broad areas are identified:
- Seismic data acquisition and processing. Improved seismic systems are being developed. Velocity models related to known stratigraphy are being used to provide more accurate estimates of seismic locations.
- Source mechanisms and near-source effects on seismic wave transmission. This work provides fundamental insights into seismicity and rock behaviour and is being applied in rockburst prediction research.
- Mine layouts. Excess shear stress is being investigated as a design parameter by analyzing mining configurations and resultant seismicity. In addition, better understanding of the behaviour of highly stressed remnants and pillars is also being obtained from seismic studies.
- Strong ground motion studies. Evaluation of the performance of support elements, including recently developed backfill materials, requires better knowledge of ground motion around underground excavations during seismic events and rockbursts.
- Rockburst prediction and control. Rockburst prediction research continues with some reported success. In addition, the feasibility of actively triggering fault slip or conditioning the rock ahead of the stope face to ameliorate the rockburst hazard is currently being investigated.
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Igneous intrusions in coal seams are found in 80 % of coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield, China, and coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred 11 times under a 120-m-thick sill in the Haizi mining field. The magma’s heat had a significant controlling effect on coal seam gas occurrence. Based on theoretical analysis, experimental tests and site validation, we analyzed the temperature distribution following magma intrusion into coal measure strata and the variations in multiple physical parameters and adsorption/desorption characteristics between the underlying coal seams beneath the sill in the Haizi mining field and coal seams uninfluenced by magma intrusion in the adjacent Linhuan mining field. The research results show that the main factors controlling the temperature distribution of the magma and surrounding rocks in the cooling process include the cooling time and the thickness and initial temperature of the magmatic rock. As the distance from sill increases, the critical effective temperature and the duration of sustained high temperatures decrease. The sill in the Haizi mining field significantly promoted coal seam secondary hydrocarbon generation in the thermally affected area, which generated approximately 340 m3/t of hydrocarbon. In the magma-affected area, the metamorphic grade, micropore volume, amount of gas adsorption, initial speed of gas desorption, and amount of desorption all increase. Fluid entrapment by sills usually causes the gas pressure and gas content of the underlying coal seams to increase. As a result, the outburst risks from coal seams increases as well. 相似文献
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采用煤矿井下专用的小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,在山西省的晋城、潞安、汾西、华晋、阳泉、平朔、大同等矿区,完成了160个测点的地应力测量,测点地质条件涵盖了山西省煤矿大部分条件.基于实测数据,分析了地应力与测点埋深的关系,不同深度条件下煤矿矿区井下地应力状态;绘制出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力分布图,并与震源机制解的分析结果进行了比较,得出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征与变化规律.煤矿井下水平应力总体上随着埋深增加而增大,但由于各矿区地质条件差异较大,导致地应力测试数据离散性也较大;埋深小于250 m的岩层应力状态主要为σH>σh>σV型,埋深处于250~500 m的岩层应力状态以σH>σV>σh型为主,埋深较大的矿区主要为σV>σH>σh型;最大水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值绝大部分集中在0.5~2.0之间,而且随着埋深增加,侧压比呈现减小的趋势,并向1附近集中;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值主要集中在1.5～2.0之间;平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值大多处于0.5～1.5,尤以0.5～1.0之间最多;山西省煤矿矿区从北到南,最大水平主应力方向发生了较大变化.北部最大水平主应力方向为NE,往南发生偏转到NNW;靠东部与西部偏向NW;靠东南部出现了多变的方向.井下实测数据与震源机制解相比在部分区域一致性较好,而在另一些区域存在明显的差异.特别是在受较大地质构造影响的区域,水平主应力方向往往发生明显的扭转和变化. 相似文献
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利用河南新密超化镇某矿区布设的密集临时地震台网观测资料,通过微震震源精确定位手段,实现强干扰背景下该地区某煤矿地下开采面的定位追踪试验研究。微震定位后,爆破点位置的水平精度为±70m,垂直精度为±500m。试验研究结果表明,利用高密度数字地震台网资料,可较为准确地监测矿山地下开采面的动态变化,从而实现对矿产资源越界开采和小矿非法开采的有效制约和监督。同时,本次试验结果显示地震台网的监测控制范围受爆炸源能量、地下开采面的深度、监测区背景噪声、监测仪器的灵敏度和抗干扰能力等因素影响,试验结果可对今后矿区地震监测台网的合理布设提供有效指导。 相似文献
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介绍了矿山地震与瓦斯突出等煤矿灾害及成因， 并通过若干煤矿瓦斯突出和矿山地震的同震现象，论述了这些灾害在动力过程中的内在关系.这些震例表明，在高瓦斯煤矿， 矿山地震与瓦斯突出存在密切的相关.认为较大矿震伴随瓦斯的低值延时响应可能是瓦斯突出的预警信号.从矿震定位、震源机制、矿震成因、瓦斯突出条件等分析了矿震与瓦斯突出相关的机理. 进一步介绍了瓦斯流体对矿震的触发作用，尤其超临界流体的特殊性质在矿震发生中的重要作用.依据矿震与构造地震在机制方面的相似性， 讨论了上述结果在震源物理研究中的意义. 相似文献
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This paper presents an overview of mining seismicity, gas outburst and their origin. The internal relation of mining seismicity and gas outburst in the dynamic process is studied on the basis of the fact that these disasters sometimes occur simultaneously. The examples show a close relationship between mining seismicity and gas outburst in high gassy coal mines. It is proposed that strong mine shocks plus the response of low value and delay time are early warning signals. The mechanism of the relationship between mining seismicity and gas outburst is analyzed by using the location of mining shocks, focus mechanism, cause of mining shocks and conditions of gas outburst. The trigger action of gas fluid on mining shocks, especially the effect of the anomalous property of supercritical fluid on the preparation and occurrence of mining shocks is discussed. According to the similarity between min-ing-induced earthquakes and tectonic earthquakes in terms of mechanism, the significance of the above results in the study of physics of earthquake source is also discussed. 相似文献
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Underground mining of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland is accompanied by seismic activity of varying magnitude. The investigations which have been performed for several years distinguished high energy mine tremors connected directly with mining or coupled with geological structures, such as large faults. In mined seams, local fault zones occur. Faults in these zones are usually small, with throws comparable with coal seams thicknesses. Local fault zone may be responsible for the occurrence of high energy tremors as well as large faults, as presented in this article. An analysis of source mechanism of high energy tremors generated during longwall mining of the coal seam No. 510, with presence of a local fault zone, in one of the Polish hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was performed. For this purpose, the seismic moment tensor inversion method was used. In most of foci, the process of shear predominated. Determined nodal plane parameters were correlated with parameters of faults forming the local fault zone. High energy tremors were generated mostly by dislocations on faults of the local fault zone. Weakening of roof rocks in the neighborhood of local fault zone takes an important role too, and was responsible for share of implosion in the focal mechanism. 相似文献