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1.
河流是连接大陆和海洋两大碳库的桥梁,在全球碳循环中的作用举足轻重.金沙江作为长江的上游段,对区域碳循环及区域化学风化的影响非常重要.于2015年8月8-18日对金沙江下游水-气界面CO_2与CH_4通量特征进行监测与分析.采用顶空平衡法结合薄边界层模型估算法计算表层水体CO_2与CH_4的分压以及水-气界面的交换通量,并分析环境变量与其之间的相关性.研究发现,金沙江下游表层水体p(CO_2)平均值为2724.84±477.18μatm,表层水体p(CH_4)平均值为59.96±6.74μatm;水-气界面CO_2通量平均值为2.24±0.50 mmol/(m2·h),CH_4通量平均值为0.000163±0.00009 mmol/(m2·h),通量与分压趋势基本保持一致.表层水体p(CO_2)与溶解性无机碳浓度、碱度均呈显著正相关,而p(CH_4)与水温、叶绿素a浓度均呈显著正相关,CO_2通量与p(CO_2)、溶解性无机碳浓度、碱度均呈正相关,CH_4通量与p(CH_4)、风速均呈正相关,其他环境因素对通量的影响不明显,仍需进一步研究.金沙江下游水-气界面CH_4扩散通量较低,而CO_2扩散通量在世界主要河流中属于中等水平. 相似文献
2.
广东新丰江水库表层水体CO2分压及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
于2012年7月和2013年1月定点采集新丰江水库表层水样,测定水样的理化及生物学参数,计算水体中二氧化碳分压(p(CO_2))大小并分析其时空变化,探讨新丰江水库p(CO_2)的影响因素及其CO_2源/汇机制.结果表明:丰水期p(CO_2)变化范围为16~3545μatm,均值为999μatm,从水库上游到坝前p(CO_2)逐渐升高;枯水期p(CO_2)变化范围为399~1355μatm,均值为756μatm,从水库上游到坝前p(CO_2)呈下降趋势.丰水期p(CO_2)受温度影响较小,与营养盐(NO-3、DSi)浓度呈正相关,与叶绿素a(Chl.a)、溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度呈负相关,与溶解无机碳(DIC)浓度没有明显相关性;枯水期p(CO_2)受温度影响也较小,受碳酸盐体系的影响,与NO-3、DSi、Chl.a、DIC浓度呈正相关,与DOC浓度没有明显相关性.新丰江水库相对于大气来说是一个通量值偏低的CO_2源. 相似文献
3.
为全面探索河流溶解性有机碳(DOC)与二氧化碳(CO2)动态及驱动因素的相关关系,以我国三峡库区河流——澎溪河为对象,于雨季和旱季采集表层水体水样,分别通过原位和室内测定,明确水文参数(水温、pH、碱度和流速)、DOC浓度和营养元素(总氮(TN)和总磷(TP))浓度,并计算水体CO2分压(pCO2)、水—气界面CO2交换通量和营养元素化学计量比(DOC:TN、DOC:TP和TN:TP)。以河流CO2、DOC和营养状态动态变化为基础,通过对DOC、TN、TP、营养元素化学计量比和荧光峰(B、T、A、M、C、D和N)与河流pCO2的多维分析建立及评估潜在的耦合关系,从而揭示特定区域河流CO2的来源与驱动因素特征。结果显示,澎溪河水—气界面CO2交换速率在3.75～22.9 m/d范围内,雨季((9.91±4.93)m/d)>旱季((6.69±4.30) m/(d),pCO2在65.95～2... 相似文献
4.
不同密度藻屑堆积下沉积物碳氮磷释放特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
蓝藻碎屑分解引起氮磷释放已受到广泛关注,但堆积的藻屑与沉积物交互作用引发污染物释放的效应知之甚少.采集于桥水库沉积物柱状样,设置5个藻屑添加组和对照组(无藻屑添加),恒温培养(27±1℃),模拟夏季温度条件下不同密度藻屑堆积下沉积物中碳氮磷释放特征.结果表明:藻屑堆积后加强了上覆水中溶解氧与硝态氮的消耗,5个藻屑添加组18小时后上覆水均处于厌氧状态.各实验组上覆水中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度在第3小时增加,且SUVA254值处于0.54~1.74 L/(mg·m)之间,说明DOC可能来源于藻源性释放.各藻屑添加组培养过程中上覆水的溶解性有机氮(DON)、铵态氮和正磷酸盐浓度持续增加,最高平均释放速率分别达4.44、0.20和0.03 mg/(L·h),分别为对照组的21.73、1.76和67.58倍;其中DON为溶解性总氮主要存在形态,在实验结束时DOC/DON比值降低,说明藻屑或者沉积物有机质短期内并未完全矿化,且DOC优先DON被微生物利用.因此蓝藻碎屑堆积增强了沉积物需氧量,加快沉积物与水之间的氮磷营养盐、DOC循环,从而对沉积物中污染物地球化学循环过程造成进一步的影响. 相似文献
5.
滇池沉水植物生长过程对间隙水氮、磷时空变化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2015年6-10月通过原位采集滇池沉水植物分布区和无植物对照区柱状沉积物间隙水,分析其溶解性总氮(DTN)和溶解性总磷(DTP)、溶解性无机氮(DIN)和溶解性无机磷(DIP)及溶解性有机氮(DON)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)浓度的时空变化,探讨沉水植物分布对间隙水氮、磷浓度、形态贡献及氮磷比的影响.结果表明:滇池沉水植物生长过程显著影响间隙水氮、磷浓度.与无植物对照区相比,沉水植物生长过程对间隙水氮浓度的削减主要发生在6、8月,而对间隙水磷浓度的削减主要发生在7月,反映了沉水植物对氮、磷两种元素的生物地球化学循环作用机制不同;间隙水氮形态贡献受季节性影响较大,6-7月以DON贡献为主,沉水植物分布区和无植物对照区分别达到61%和84%;而8-10月以DIN贡献为主,沉水植物分布区和无植物对照区分别为76%和75%;沉水植物分布区磷形态贡献随季节波动变化,沉水植物分布区以DOP贡献为主(63%),无植物对照区以DIP贡献为主(62%);沉水植物生长对沉积物间隙水各形态氮磷比影响显著.沉水植物生长显著增加间隙水DTN/DTP比,尤其是DIN/DIP比,相反降低DON/DOP比.沉水植物对间隙水氮、磷吸收及转化过程改变了沉积物氮、磷释放机制,从而影响上覆水氮、磷组成及氮磷比,很可能会影响到浮游植物生长及藻类水华过程,这对于湖泊水质管理具有重要意义. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(11)
中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依"世界第三极"青藏高原、南邻"全球气候引擎"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区(渤海、黄海、东海、南海)、不同界面(陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等),以及不同生态系统(红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等)多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO_2约0.22Tg Ca~(-1),黄海吸收CO_2约1.15Tg Ca~(-1),东海吸收CO_2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca~(-1),南海释放CO_2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca~(-1).如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO_2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO_2的"源",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca~(-1).这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳(DIC)分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca~(-1),而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca~(-1),远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca~(-1).东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca~(-1).就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca~(-1),海草床溶解有机碳(DOC)输出通量为0.59Tg Ca~(-1);中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca~(-1),沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca~(-1).总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca~(-1).中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca~(-1),南海输出约31.39Tg Ca~(-1).综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO_2的"源",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵(DOC转化输出)作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析. 相似文献
7.
西藏纳木错及其入湖河流溶解有机碳和总氮浓度的季节变化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为深入理解纳木错湖水及入湖河流中溶解有机碳（DOC）和总氮（TN）浓度的季节变化特征及其影响因素,于2012-2013年不同季节对纳木错2个站点及流域内21条主要入湖河流进行采样及分析,采用统计学方法初步探讨纳木错水体和21条河流DOC和TN浓度季节变化特征.结果表明,河流DOC平均浓度范围为0.763~1.537 mg/L,TN平均浓度范围为0.179~0.387 mg/L.21条入湖河流DOC浓度在春末夏初和夏季达到高值,冬季为低值,TN浓度季节变化趋势大体上与DOC浓度相反.湖泊水体DOC和TN浓度范围分别为2.42~8.08和0.237~0.517 mg/L,明显分别高于河水中的浓度.湖泊DOC浓度季节变化趋势与河流一致,而TN浓度无明显的季节性变化.河水DOC浓度的季节变化和空间差异受控于河流的补给方式,湖水DOC浓度受湖泊内部藻类等水生植物活动和河流外源输入的影响.DOC等有机质的分解是影响纳木错流域湖水和河水TN浓度的重要原因. 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(11)
集成分析了南海、东黄渤海等中国邻近边缘海(简称中国边缘海)海-气界面CO_2通量及其所表征的CO_2源汇格局,简析海-气CO_2通量的主要控制因素;总结了河-海界面、边缘海与大洋的交换界面及输出真光层的碳通量,进而初步构架了简化的中国边缘海碳收支;并与世界其他陆架边缘海碳的源汇格局和通量作了比对,最后对边缘海碳循环研究进行了展望.从周年尺度上看,中国边缘海是大气CO_2的源,全年向大气的释放量为(9.5±53)Tg C;河流经过河口输送至中国边缘海的总碳量为(59.6±6.4)Tg Ca~(-1);中国境内河口释放CO_2的总量为(0.74±0.02)Tg Ca~(-1);西太平洋每年输入中国边缘海的总碳量为2.5Pg Ca~(-1),可见,西北太平洋输入中国边缘海的碳通量巨大.中国边缘海上层海洋颗粒有机碳输出通量为(240±80)Tg Ca~(-1). 相似文献
9.
河流CO2排放是全球碳循环的重要组成部分。 以汉江上游流域低等级(Strahler 等级 1 ～ 3) 河流月河为研究对象,采样测定 2016 年 12 月和 2017 年 6 月的关键环境因子并计算河流 CO2分压(pCO2)。 利用统计学模型,探讨不同等级河流水环境因子的时空变化及关键控制因素。 结果表明,月河流域低等级河流 CO2约有 87% 的采样点过饱和,pCO2变化范围是 135～5960 μatm,不同等级河流环境因子和pCO2具有明显的时空差异,且河流pCO2随着河流等级的增加而增加。利用 R 语言“ggpair”函数分析显示,河流pCO2与建设用地占比、耕地占比和总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度呈正相关,与森林用地占比、溶解氧(DO)浓度及坡度呈负相关。 对比分析不同等级河流的关键控制因素发现,低等级河流 pCO2受土地利用和环境因子共同控制,且土地利... 相似文献
10.
太湖西部环湖河道污染物输移速率变化特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
阐明污染物出入湖输移速率对于湖泊陆域污染控制具有重要意义.本文研究了太湖西部主要环湖河道总氮（TN）、溶解性总氮（DTN）、总磷（TP）、溶解性总磷（DTP）和高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）输移速率变化特征.结果表明环湖河道上述指标净输入速率分别为707.9、727.0、28.8、18.2和700.9 g/s.城东港、百渎港、大浦港和沙塘港4条河道TN、DTN、TP、DTP和CODMn输入速率分别占西部河道总输入速率的62.7%、63.6%、67.1%、66.6%和64.8%.太浦河、长兜港和大钱港TN、DTN、TP、DTP和CODMn输出速率占总输出的86.5%、86.9%、85.0%、85.3%和80.6%.污染物净输入速率受水情影响,TN和DTN浓度汛前最大,而TP、DTP、CODMn浓度汛期增大,汛后分别降低44.2%、48.8%和39.8%.城东港氮、磷输入速率受浓度控制,其他河道各指标输移速率受流量控制.近岸湖体TN浓度与入湖速率呈显著正相关,而离岸湖体TN、TP、CODMn浓度对入湖速率的变化响应不明显. 相似文献
11.
P. Mandal Jainendra S. Joshi Sudesh Kumar Rajendra Bhunia B. K. Rastogi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(8):1635-1654
On 26 January, 2001 (03:46:55,UT) a devastating intraplate earthquake of Mw 7.7 occurred in a region about 5 km NW of Bhachau, Gujarat (23.42°N, 70.23°E). The epicentral distribution of aftershocks defines a marked concentration along an E-W trending and southerly dipping (45°) zone covering an area of (60 × 40) km2. The presence of high seismicity including two earthquakes of magnitudes exceeding 7.7 in the 200 years is presumed to have caused a higher level of shallow crustal heterogeneity in the Kutch area; a site lying in the seismic zone V (zone of the highest seismicity for potentially M8 earthquakes) on the seismic zoning map of India. Attenuation property of the medium around the epicentral area of the Bhuj earthquake covering a circular area of 61,500 km2 with a radius of 140 km is studied by estimating the coda-Qc from 200 local earthquakes of magnitudes varying from 3.0–4.6. The estimated Q0 values at locations in the aftershock zone (high seismicity) are found to be low in comparison to areas at a distance from it. This can be attributed to the fact that seismic waves are highly scattered for paths through the seismically active and fractured zone but they are well behaved outside the aftershock zone. Distribution of Q0 values suggests that the local variation in Q0 values is probably controlled by local geology. The estimated Q0 values at different stations suggest a low value of Q=(102 ± 0.80)*f(0.98 ± 0.02) indicating an attenuative crust beneath the entire region. The frequency-dependent relation indicates a relatively low Qc at lower frequencies (1–3 Hz) that can be attributed to the loss of energy due to scattering attenuation associated with heterogeneities and/or intrinsic attenuation due to fluid movement in the fault zone and fluid-filled cracks. The large Qc at higher frequencies may be related to the propagation of backscattered body waves through deeper parts of the lithosphere where less heterogeneity is expected. Based on the attenuation curve estimated for Q0=102, the ground acceleration at 240 km distance is 13% of 1 g i.e., 0.13 g agreeing well with the ground acceleration recorded by an accelerograph at Ahmedabad (0.11 g). Hence, it is inferred that the Q0 value obtained from this study seems to be apt for prediction of ground motion for the region. 相似文献
12.
收集整理了四川省地震台网1990—2012年产出的地震直达波震相数据, 利用单台多震和达法对2008年汶川MS8.0地震前后四川地区的波速比变化特征进行了分析研究(共筛选出13个数据量较为丰富、 连续性较好的台站). 结果显示: 其中位于龙门山断裂中北段西侧的4个台站, 震前出现长达7年左右的中长期波速比低值异常; 其它9个台站的波速比震前变化基本稳定. 震前波速比出现异常的4个台站的分布与汶川MS8.0地震孕震区范围大体一致, 从而为研究汶川MS8.0地震前是否存在地壳介质特性的时间变化过程, 提供了有力的判定依据. 相似文献
13.
A tomographic study of the V
p and V
p/V
s structures in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan region of China is conducted by simultaneous inversion of P and
S arrival times. Compared with the previous tomographic results, the spherical finite difference technique is suitable for
the strong heterogeneous velocity structure, and may improve the accuracy in the travel time and three-dimensional ray tracing
calculations. The V
p and V
p/V
s structures derived from joint inversion and the relocated earthquakes can provide better constraints for analyzing the lateral
heterogeneity and deep tectonic characters in the crust and upper mantle. Our tomographic results reveal significant relations
between the seismic wavespeed structure and the tectonic characters. In the shallow depth, sedimentary basins and orogen show
distinct wavespeed anomalies, with low V
p, high V
p/V
s in basins and high V
p, low V
p/V
s in orogen. As the suture zone of Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Longitudinal Valley is characterized by a significant
high V
p/V
s anomaly extending to the middle-lower crust and upper mantle, which reflects the impact of rock cracking, partial melting,
and the presence of fluids. In the northeast Taiwan, the V
p, V
p/V
s anomalies and relocated earthquakes depict the subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The high V
p of oceanic plate and the low V
p, high V
p/V
s atop the subducted oceanic plate extend to 80 km depth. Along the east-west profiles, the thickness of crust reaches 60 km
at the east of Central Range with eastward dipping trend, which reveals the eastward subduction of the thickened and deformed
crust of the Eurasian continental plate.
Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-234-2), National Basic Research
Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411701), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA09A101-0201)
and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40804016, 40704013) 相似文献
14.
In this paper we study the variation of Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratio (δ) in the Yellowstone National Park region, using earthquakes which were well recorded by a local seismic network. We find that the average Vp/Vs value within the geothermally active Yellowstone caldera is about 7% lower than in the area outside the caldera. Within the caldera itself there may be a further 2–7% reduction of Vp/Vs in the hydrothermally active Norris Geyser Basin, the Upper and Lower Geyser Basins, and the Yellowstone Lake and Mud Volcano regions. After considering various possible causes for Vp/Vs changes, such as geologic and structural differences, thermal effects, partial melting, and hydrothermal activity, we conclude that the most plausible explanation for the observed Vp/Vs reduction is the presence of hot-water at temperatures and pore-pressures near the water steam transition in the caldera geothermal reservoirs. 相似文献
15.
利用布设于兴蒙造山带诺敏河火山群地区的宽频带流动地震台站资料,基于接收函数方法,获取了该地区的地壳厚度与波速比值.研究结果显示,该地区的地壳厚度介于32~38 km,莫霍面深度在空间上分布特征与五大连池为中心的火山带分布具有较好的一致性：沿着火山带延展方向地壳较薄.该地区的波速比介于1.74~1.84,波速比在空间上与地壳厚度变化具有一致性：高波速比主要集中于靠近五大连池火山带地区,向诺敏河火山和小古里河火山延展.研究认为：诺敏河火山与五大连池火山带可能具有相同的岩浆来源,可能与富钾岩石圈地幔拆沉作用造成的地幔热物质上涌有关.研究区地壳厚度与波速比呈现负相关关系,暗示该地区可能发生过岩浆底侵作用. 相似文献
16.
《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(4):309-318
On November 7, 1976, an earthquake of the strike-slip fault type, and of magnitude 6.7, occurred at two mountainous localities, Yanyuan and Ninglang, in the border region of the Szechuan and Yunnan Provinces, China. One year before the earthquake, a prediction was made as to the magnitude and location of the impending earthquake by the present authors, on the basis of the results of a general survey of an area of about 20,000 km2 for Vp/Vs ratio variations. The prediction of time of occurrence was made afterwards by the combined analysis of results of observations of some other precursory phenomena. The actual occurrence of the event was generally considered as being in agreement with the prediction.The present study may be taken as a new example for the detection of Vp/Vs ratio variations prior to an earthquake of the strike-slip fault type. By considering the difference between the shear rupture and stick-slip motion and the anisotropy induced by dilatancy, a preliminary discussion is made concerning the related results. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Petrogenetic grids for ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism were calculated at different Xco2 conditions in the model system CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O involving coesite (Co), diopside (Di), dolomite (Do), enstatite (En), forsterite (Fo), magnesite (Ms), quartz (Qz), talc (Tc), tremolite (Tr) using a published internally consistent thermodynamic data set. Two P-T grids at Xco2= 0.01 and 0.5 are described. In the calculated P-T grid at Xco2= 0.01, four out of 10 stable invariant points, Co-En-Ms-Tc, Co-Di-En-Tc-Tr, Co-Di-Ms-Tc-Tr and Di-En-Ms-Tc-Tr lie within the stability field of coesite. If the fluid phase has Xco2= 0.5, no invariant point is stable under UHP conditions. Some magnesite-bearing assemblages are stabilized by the following three reactions: Di + Ms = Do + Fo + CO2, Ms + Tr = Do + Fo + CO2+ H2O and Ms + Tc = Fo+ CO2+ H2O at Xco2= 0.01 and by reaction Ms + Tc = Fo + CO2+ H2O together with these three at Xco2= 0.5. Ten possible UHP assemblages for mafic and ultramafic compositions at very low Xco2 conditions include the following: Co-Do-Ms, Co-Di-Ms, Co-Di-Tc, Di-Ms-Tc, Di-En-Tc-, Di-En-Ms, Co-Di-En, Di-En-Fo, Di-Fo-Ms, Di-Do-Fo. Among them, talc-bearing assemblages are restricted to Xco2 < 0.02 and their high-P limit is 31.7 kb (749°C) at Xco2= 0.01. Dolomite-magnesite-silica assemblages have large P-T stability fields even if Xco2 is as low as 0.1, and could occur in cold subduction zones with very low geothermal gradients. Reported UHP coesite-dolomite assemblage is restricted only to a calc-silicate rock interlayered with marble where Xco2 is relatively higher; no such assemblage appears for mafic and ultramafic rocks with low Xco2 evidenced by the occurrence of diopside (or omphacite) at the expense of dolomite + coesite. The effect of Xco2 on the stability of coesite-dolomite-magnesite, diopside-enstatite-magnesite, diopside-talc assemblages is examined and the occurrence of coesite-dolomite, magnesite-bearing and talc-bearing assemblages in the Dabie UHP rocks are interpreted by employing the calculated P-T grids. 相似文献
19.
Abstract The Himalaya is a fold-and-thrust wedge formed along the northern margin of the Indian continent, and consists of three thrust-bounded lithotectonic units; the Sub-Himalaya, the Lesser Himalaya, and the Higher Himalaya with the overlying Tethys Himalaya from south to north, respectively. The orogen-scale, intracrustal thrusts which bound the above lithotectonic units are splays off an underlying subhorizontal dkcollement, and show a southward propagating piggy-back sequence with an out-of-sequence thrust. Among these thrusts, the Main Central Thrust zone (MCT zone) has played a major role in Himalayan tectonics. The MCT zone represents a shear zone which has accommodated southward thrusting of the Higher Himalayan crystalline thrust sheet over the Lesser Himalayan sequence for ～140 km. The Kathmandu Nappe in central Nepal has been transported over the Lesser Himalayan metasediments along the MCT zone, and is locally separated from the Higher Himalayan thrust sheet in the north by an out-of-sequence thrust. 40Ar/39Ar ages have been determined for one whole-rock phyllite and six muscovite concentrates from metasedimenta-ry rocks and variably deformed granites in the Kathmandu Nappe. These ages range from 44 Ma to 14 Ma, and suggest a record of both Eo-Himalayan (Eocene) and Neo-Himalayan (Miocene) tectonothermal events in the Tertiary Himalayan orogeny. The Miocene event was associated with translation along the MCT zone. No tectonothermal event of the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene ages have been reported near the MCT zone in southern Lesser Himalayan crystalline nappe or klippe, although such events have been documented within and around the MCT zone in the northern root zone of the Higher Himalaya. This suggests that out-of-sequence thrusting may have occurred between 14 Ma and 5 Ma, probably during the period 10-7.5 Ma. Since then the frontal MCT zone below the Kathmandu Nappe has been inactive, but the MCT zone in the northern root zone has remained active. The rapid increase in denudation rates of the Higher Himalaya since the Late Miocene may have been caused by ramping along the out-of-sequence thrust at depth. 相似文献
20.
2015年9月17日6时54分32秒(北京时间)智利中部伊拉佩尔附近(震中31.57°S,71.67°W)发生了一次M_w8.3大地震,在此次地震震中以南约500 km处的马乌莱地区曾于2010年2月27日14时34分11秒发生过一次M_w8.8强震(震中36.12°S,72.90°W),两次地震余震分布区之间有约75 km的地震空区.本文利用远场体波与面波波形,基于有限断层模型,反演了这两次地震的震源破裂过程.结果显示这两次地震均为逆冲型大地震,2015年伊拉佩尔M_w8.3地震的平均滑动角度为107°,平均滑动量为2.43 m,平均破裂速度为1.82 km·s~(-1),标量地震矩为3.28×10~(21)Nm,95%的标量地震矩在104 s内得到了释放.最大滑动量约8 m,位于沿走向75 km,深度8 km处.2010年马乌莱M_w8.8地震的平均滑动角度为109°,平均滑动量为4.95 m,平均破裂速度1.90 km·s~(-1),标量地震矩为1.86×10~(22)Nm,95%的标量地震矩在121 s内得到了释放.最大滑动量约12.5 m,位于沿走向100 km,深度21 km处.2015年伊拉佩尔M_w8.3地震浅部更大的滑动量应该是其引起了较大海啸的一个原因.基于破裂滑动分布,我们计算了这两次地震引起的周边俯冲带上静态库仑应力变化,结果显示两次地震均显著增加了周边俯冲带上的库仑应力,2010年马乌莱地震使得2015.年伊拉佩尔地震震源区附近的库仑应力增加了(0.01~0.15)×10~5Pa,从应力积累的角度看,2010年马乌莱地震有利于2015年伊拉佩尔地震的发生,对后者的发生起到了促进作用. 相似文献