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汶川地震与玉树地震自救互救调查情况比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对比汶川地震和玉树地震震后问卷调查数据,对震后灾民自救互救过程中的实际情况开展了系统的分析研究。结果表明:(1)自救互救是地震救援中受困人员获救的主要方式;(2)玉树地震参与自救互救人数比例较高,说明经过汶川地震后,公众的自救互救意识得到较明显的提高,更加主动和积极地参与到震后抢险等社会活动中;(3)在两次地震自救互救过程中,主要的困难在于缺乏救生工具和经验,并且救援工作缺乏组织管理,相互协调能力不足。基于以上调查结果,为全面提升我国地震应急救援水平和应急能力提出了一些建议和对策。 相似文献
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据报道 ,由中国地震局副局长陈建民带领的中国地震紧急救援队机动分队 1 1月 8日晚在厦门与当地救援队联合进行了一场成功的“震后现场应急演习”。在由拆迁爆破造成的 3座倒塌楼房前 ,来自地震、消防、民政等部门的应急人员按照当地政府处理突发事件的应急预案进行了实况模拟演练。中国地震局救援办公室主任徐德诗说 ,这是中国地震救援队首次派出救援小分队与地方救援队伍进行联合演练。他透露 ,目前 ,中国地震局正在加紧打造遍及全国范围的地震紧急救援体系。“这个体系分为 4级 :国家地震救援队、省救援队、地方救援队和志愿者队伍”。目… 相似文献
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20 0 3年 5月 2 1日当地时间 1 9时 4 4分 ,在阿尔及利亚宰穆里以北 ( 37 1°N ,3 9°E)发生里氏 6 9级地震 ,造成巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。震后先后有 32个国家派出地震灾害紧急救援队到灾害现场进行紧急救援活动。中国国际救援队首次赴国外实行国际人道主义救援工作 ,其反应速度、现场救援的表现、救援后期的医疗救助和建筑物受灾情况鉴定等工作受到联合国和阿尔及利亚政府和人民的充分肯定。中国国际地震救援队除在地震现场从事紧张的地震救生任务外 ,随队的地震专家还与阿尔及利亚同行就这次地震的地震活动、发震构造和地震监测等方… 相似文献
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为全面了解唐山地震造成的经济损失,以及地震对社会的影响和人们的心理反应,总结唐山人民自救互救,与灾难作斗争的经验教训,推动我国地震社会学和地震对策研究的发展,为以后有关部门更有效地组织防震救灾工作,由国家地震局发起、南开大学社会学系具体组织的“唐山地震社会经济影响”社会调查,自1987年8月10日至8月底在唐山和天津两市进行。在我国地震界,这样大规模的社会调查还是第一次。调查范围包括:唐山市的路南区、路北区、东矿区、新区和开平区;天津市受灾 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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A special high-resolution routine of the EISCAT radar has been used to investigate the structure and development of the poleward wall of a deep trough in electron density. The feature was tracked by the radar during a 7-hour period under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. The field-aligned nature of the structure enabled an estimate to be made of the inclination of the geomagnetic field above EISCAT that was in good agreement with the current model. Observations of narrow field-aligned enhancements in electron temperature demonstrated that the wall of this trough is a dynamic feature, reforming regularly as the electron density responds on a time scale of tens of minutes to energy input from soft-particle precipitation. 相似文献