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简述地面沉降的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析引起地面沉降的人为因素和自然因素,综述抽取地下水、开采石油和水溶性气体及建筑荷载诱发地面沉降的三种机制.介绍全球定位系统、地下水位自动监测、合成孔径雷达干涉测量、分层标与自动监测四种地面沉降监测技术的特点、发展及应用.概述地面沉降预测和灾害损失评估研究及其治理进展的状况. 相似文献
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沧州地下水超采与地面沉降关系的分析与探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对沧州市水资源严重匮乏、为维持村地区民众和生存和发展,不得不大量超采深层地下水,并由此而引发的地下水位下降、地面沉降等一系列环境地质问题,通过地面沉降机理的分析、沉降层的确定等,结合多年观测资料,分析探讨了地下水超采与地面沉降的关系,结果表明：地下水超采已引发了严重的地质环境问题,包括地面沉降。 相似文献
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京沪高速铁路沿线地面沉降与地下水位变化关系探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
文章选择京沪高速铁路沿线的北京、廊坊、天津、沧州、德州等几个沉降中心的监测数据及研究资料,对比分析发现地面沉降发展与地下水位变化密切相关,依此建立了地面沉降与地下水位变化的经验关系,进一步分析预测了华北平原各主要沉降区地面沉降发展趋势。结果表明:北京地区地面沉降变化与水位变化线性相关明显,地面沉降对地下水位变化反应较灵敏,无明显临界水位;廊坊、天津及沧州地区显示指数相关,有较明显的临界水位,沉降过程存在初期缓慢沉降和快速沉降两个阶段;德州市在监测时段内显示二次函数相关,可能存在临界水位,但不如天津至沧州地区明显。各主要沉降区除天津市区地面沉降已经得到有效控制外,随着地下水资源的不断超采,过量消耗深层地下水储量,其它沉降区的地面沉降将持续发展,地面沉降灾害问题也必将日趋严重。 相似文献
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INSAR技术在北京来广营地区地面沉降监测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北京市平原地区地面沉降危害日益显著,合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）具有快速、高精度、周期短等优势,可为城市地面沉降监测提供有效的技术手段。本文选用ENVISAT-1卫星SAR数据监测研究2004-2005年北京来广营地区地面沉降,利用InSAR差分技术得到该地区地面沉降监测结果。 相似文献
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温州市永强平原经济发达,工业化的发展和地下水无计划的开采,使永强平原地面沉降较为严重,永中累计沉降量超过300mm。为了更好地对永强平原地面沉降做出分析预测,本文通过研究区域地质环境、地下水开采量、地下水位的动态变化特征及2005～2010年的地面沉降监测资料,分析地面沉降速率、范围、沉降量,从而进一步探讨地面沉降与地层结构、地下水动态的关系,同时采用年开采量和年平均沉降速率预测2015年的地面沉降量。分析结果对深化永强平原地面沉降研究具有一定意义。 相似文献
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华北平原年地面沉降量大于50 mm的严重区面积超过全国总量的80%,防治形势严峻,需要开展有针对性的研究,为有效防控地面沉降提供科学依据。华北平原建立了较完善的地面沉降监测网络,基本掌握了地面沉降现状及演化规律,但受华北平原含水层系统影响因素复杂与时空变化大等因素制约,对地下水位变化驱动下的土层变形特征及其机制研究迄今仍比较薄弱,限制了对地面沉降发展趋势的科学研判和预测预警。在总结国内外地面沉降研究进展、基于高时空分辨率监测数据分析华北平原地面沉降现状和发展趋势的基础上,提出了地下水位变化影响下的地面沉降研究方向。目前,华北平原地面沉降出现减缓态势,天津、沧州、衡水等重点城市主城区地面沉降得到有效控制,但华北平原尤其是河北平原地面沉降总体上仍然处于较快发展阶段,主要原因是农业灌区地下水开采得不到有效控制。未来华北平原地面沉降研究应聚焦地面沉降机理和预测预警、地下水位回升驱动下的土层变形规律及其对环境的影响、地面沉降区地下水资源属性及地热开发与地面沉降关系等方面。 相似文献
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城市地面沉降是对城市规划建设、经济发展和人民生活构成威胁的地质灾害。为了探究地下水位与地面沉降的关系,本文对北京顺义地区天竺地面沉降监测站多年分层地面沉降及对应含水层组地下水位监测数据进行统计分析,建立了该地区基于累计沉降量与含水层组水位标高、水位变幅及水位波动的多元回归模型,并对所建立的回归方程进行了检验,研究分层地面沉降与地下水位变化的定量关系,并结合《全国地面沉降防治规划(2011—2020)》中北京市的控沉目标,设置该地区不同地面沉降速率控制阈值,计算得到各层位达到控制阈值时所对应的地下水位,为下一步合理调整地下水开采层位,开展地面沉降防控工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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光纤监测技术具有分布式、精度高等特点,在地面沉降监测中具有独特优势。但受限于监测成本较高与监测环境复杂,目前地面沉降光纤监测多通过人工采集数据,限制了在特殊环境变化情况下地面沉降的实时信息获取。文章在地面沉降钻孔全断面光纤监测技术的基础上,设计并建立了基于弱光栅技术的地面沉降自动化监测系统。该监测系统利用弱反射光栅、时分复用、物联网和数据库等技术,通过4G无线通信手段实现了地面沉降在线自动化监测和远程数据实时采集,并通过客户端系统软件实现数据的存储、查询和分析。将其应用到衡水地区地面沉降监测中,结果表明:钻孔内土层压缩变形主要发生在以黏性土为主的隔水层（Ad2、Ad3、Ad4）;受季节性地下水开采的影响,钻孔100～400 m深度范围内砂土含水层存在波动变化,在监测期内,冬季略回弹,随后春季地下水开采量增大,地下水位下降,土层呈现压缩趋势。监测结果验证了该系统的可行性与准确性,使得整个地面沉降监测流程趋于自动化、规范化和低成本化,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献
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正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861 相似文献