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1.
GOCE卫星是首颗搭载高精度梯度仪,通过加速度计差分测量确定地球重力场的现代重力卫星。该卫星设计为无阻尼飞行状态（沿轨方向）,加速度计并未安置在卫星质心,这些特点使得GOCE与标准的卫星跟踪卫星重力测量模式有着显著的区别。本文首先指出GOCE任务中普通模式加速度校准存在不严密性问题,并提出了分别校准6个加速度计,分离偏差参数的方案。利用GOCE任务期内的几何法精密轨道,采用动力法完成校准,并分析了无阻尼控制的效果,发现：①虽然GOCE所在轨道高度的中性大气密度较GRACE高两到三个量级,但GOCE卫星在沿轨方向的残余非保守力比GRACE卫星的对应分量小一个量级,充分显示了无阻尼控制系统的补偿效果;②通过精密轨道内插的轨道速度与动力法轨道速度的比较可以得出,卫星无阻尼控制系统对GOCE卫星速度的显著影响;③计算了GOCE卫星所受的非保守力。获得了GOCE任务期间的加速度计校准参数,并讨论了利用其辅助重力梯度仪数据预处理的可能方法。 相似文献
2.
针对卫星在轨温度变化导致GOCE卫星星敏感器视轴夹角相对于地面安装矩阵计算结果存在5″～9″的系统偏移，并且单星敏感器低精度分量会因坐标系变换存在精度混叠现象的问题，该文设计了一种构建温度响应函数模型校正星敏感器间相对姿态偏移的多星敏感器组合方法，有效削弱了在轨温度变化对星敏感器的观测影响，以及单星敏感器低精度分量对高精度分量的混叠效应。结果表明，多星敏感器组合有效克服了单星敏感器低精度分量的影响，提高了重力梯度张量的分离精度，顾及姿态偏移校正进行多星敏感器组合后，减小了姿态误差影响，重力梯度观测张量的迹精度提高了14 mE,与欧洲空间局发布的数据5 947.811 mE精度相近。 相似文献
3.
4.
不同于当前广泛使用的空域法、时域法、直接解法,本文尝试采用Torus方法处理GOCE实测数据,利用71 d的GOCE卫星引力梯度数据反演了200阶次GOCE地球重力场模型,实现了对参考模型的精化。首先,采用Butterworth零相移滤波方法加移去—恢复技术,处理引力梯度观测值中的有色噪声,并利用泰勒级数展开和Kriging方法对GOCE卫星引力梯度数据进行归算和格网化,计算得到了名义轨道上格网点处的引力梯度数据。然后,利用2D-FFT技术和块对角最小二乘方法处理名义轨道上数据,获得了200阶次的GOCE地球重力场模型GOCE_Torus。利用中国和美国的GPS/水准数据进行外部检核结果说明,GOCE_Torus与ESA发布的同期模型的精度相当;GOCE_Torus模型与200阶次的EGM2008模型相比,在美国区域精度相当,但在中国区域精度提高了4.6 cm,这充分体现了GOCE卫星观测数据对地面重力稀疏区的贡献。Torus方法拥有快速高精度反演卫星重力场模型的优势,可以在重力梯度卫星的设计、误差分析及在轨快速评估等方面得到充分应用。 相似文献
5.
由GOCE引力梯度张量不变量确定卫星重力模型的半解析法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2016,(1)
提出了利用半解析方法解算重力场与稳态海洋环流探测器(gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer,GOCE)引力梯度张量不变量观测值来恢复全球卫星重力模型的方法,该方法比最小二乘方法效率高,同样可给出模型的验后方差。推导了半解析法快速解算引力梯度张量不变量的理论公式,给出了该方法利用卫星重力梯度观测数据快速求解重力场模型的基本步骤。利用89.5°倾角圆形严格重复轨道上的模拟梯度观测值验证了半解析方法用于张量不变量解算的理论严密性,并利用GOCE任务61d梯度仪坐标系(gradiometer reference frame,GRF)下无噪声和有噪声的I2和Vzz模拟观测值进行了模型反演和结果分析。结果表明,利用I_2观测值求解模型的精度略优于仅用Vzz分量解算模型的精度。 相似文献
6.
基于Fortran语言编写了一套恢复重力场模型的软件系统实现GOCE卫星。基于傅里叶展开式设计了一种重力梯度的滤波方法。分别对GOCE PKI轨道数据和引力梯度数据进行了反演计算,恢复了几个重力场模型。结果显示,GOCE轨道的反演能力约在120阶次以内;两极空白对梯度数据反演计算的影响大于轨道数据。联合2009-11-02~2010-01-10共70d的GOCE轨道数据和重力梯度数据恢复了一个200阶次的地球重力场模型SWJTU2013GO,通过内外符合精度评定,判定了该模型的整体精度略低于ICGEM公布的同类型模型GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R3。 相似文献
7.
联合地球重力场和海洋环流探测器（Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer,GOCE）和重力恢复与气候实验（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment,GRACE）卫星观测数据确定全球静态重力场模型是当前大地测量学的研究热点之一。联合近3 a的GOCE卫星梯度数据和7 a左右的GRACE星间距离变率数据计算的ITG-GRACE2010S模型的法方程恢复了210阶次的重力场模型SWJTU-GOGR01S。采用带通数字滤波方法处理GOCE卫星的4个高精度梯度观测分量,利用梯度数据恢复重力场模型的观测方程直接建立在梯度仪坐标系中,可以避免坐标转换过程中高精度的梯度观测分量受低精度分量的影响;联合法方程解的最优权采用方差分量估计迭代计算,GOCE数据的两极空白引起的病态问题采用Kaula正则化方法进行约束。基于EIGEN-6C2模型和北美地区的GPS水准网观测数据,对SWJTU-GOGR01S模型进行内外符合精度分析,结果表明,SWJTU-GOGR01S模型在210阶次的大地水准面误差和累计误差分别为1.3 cm和5.7 cm,精度与欧洲空间局公布的第四代时域法模型相当,略优于GOCO02S和GOCO03S模型的精度。 相似文献
8.
重力梯度仪校准参数的确定是GOCE重力梯度观测数据处理的关键环节。本文对GOCE卫星重力梯度观测值中的时变信号与粗差进行了分析,利用高精度全球重力场模型,确定了GOCE重力梯度观测值各分量的尺度因子与偏差,并对校准结果进行了精度评定。结果表明,在测量带宽内,海潮对重力梯度观测值影响在mE量级,与重力梯度仪的精度水平相当,陆地水等非潮汐重力场时变信号略小于海潮,量级约为10~(-4)E;各分量重力梯度观测值的粗差比例均大于0.2%;除EGM96模型外的其他模型对GOCE重力梯度仪进行校准后,Vxx、Vyy、Vzz、Vyz分量上尺度因子的稳定性均在10~(-4)量级,Vxz分量能达到10~(-5)量级,Vxy分量为10~(-2)量级,这与梯度观测值各分量的精度水平一致。 相似文献
9.
在地球重力场和海洋环流探测卫星GOCE(Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer)的观测数据中,其主要的观测量重力梯度数据不仅与搭载的6个加速度计的测量值有关,而且还与卫星自身的自转角速度存在着二次函数关系.由于加速度计测量频段的限制,这样就导致了卫星姿态的低频误差混入到测量频段内的重力梯度数据之中.为了客观地分析姿态误差对重力梯度精度的影响程度,本文论述了如何利用以四元数形式给出的姿态数据来计算自转角速度,并针对GOCE的实际姿态误差情况通过数据模拟分析了姿态误差对重力梯度测量精度的影响,得到了下列结论:若卫星姿态的误差是5〃,则对重力梯度精度的影响最大可达5.7 mEd;若重力梯度的精度指标是1 mEd,那么GOCE姿态的误差不能超过1〃. 相似文献
10.
研究了GOCE卫星测量恢复地球重力场模型的理论与方法。论文的主要工作和创新点有：
(1) 建立了扰动重力梯度张量各分量没有奇异性的详细计算模型,解决了重力梯度张量Txx分量在两极地区计算的奇异性难题。
(2) 系统研究了卫星重力梯度数据向下延拓的解析法、泊松积分迭代法和卫星重力梯度数据格网化的移动平均法、反距离加权法、普通克里金法,建立了相应的数学模型,导出了相应的计算公式,并采用“直接法”和“移去-恢复法”两种方案对其向下延拓和格网化效果进行了测试。
(3) 分析了能量守恒方程中各项误差对沿轨扰动位计算结果的影响,建立了利用GOCE模拟数据确定地球重力场的最小二乘直接法、调和分析法、最小二乘配置法的实用数学模型,并做了大量的模拟计算。
(4) 建立了利用扰动引力梯度张量各单分量和组合分量确定地球重力场的最小二乘直接法去奇异性计算模型;推导了利用扰动引力梯度张量单分量和组合分量解算地球重力场的调和分析法模型;进一步推导了扰动引力梯度张量各个分量之间的自协方差和互协方差函数及其与引力位系数之间协方差函数的具体计算公式。
(5) 推导了利用不同类型重力测量数据确定地球重力场的联合平差法数学模型,介绍并分析了模型中各类数据最优定权的参数协方差法和方差分量估计法。
(6) 论述了谱组合法的基本原理,给出了多种类型重力测量数据联合处理的谱权及谱组合的通用表达式,基于调和分析方法推导了SST+SGG、SST+SGG＋Δg和SST+SGG＋Δg+N恢复地球重力场模型的谱组合公式及对应谱权的具体形式。
(7) 推导了利用迭代法联合不同类型重力测量数据反演地球重力场模型的基本原理公式,并给出了其具体实现步骤。
(8) 分析并计算了重力卫星轨道高度、卫星星间距离和卫星轨道倾角的设计指标;讨论了双星轨道长半轴的一致性要求、双星姿态俯仰角的控制要求以及双星编队保持机动的时间间隔要求。
(9) 确定了KBR系统的星间距离、星间距离变化率和星间加速度的精度指标;设计了星载GPS系统的卫星轨道位置和速度以及加速度计测量的精度指标;计算了加速度计检验质量质心到卫星质心的调整距离精度指标;分析了恒星敏感器的姿态角测量精度和稳定度;计算了参考重力场模型对于累计大地水准面精度和积分卫星轨道的影响。
(10) 研制了一套利用卫星重力测量数据反演地球重力场模型的软件平台,可对卫星重力测量数据处理及其精度评估提供一些基本方法,并为我国卫星重力测量系统的总体战技指标和主要有效载荷技术指标的量化分析、论证提供理论和技术支持,为我国未来的卫星重力测量系统提供可能的积累和参考。 相似文献
11.
Monitoring GOCE gradiometer calibration parameters using accelerometer and star sensor data: methodology and first results 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Christian Siemes Roger Haagmans Michael Kern Gernot Plank Rune Floberghagen 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(8):629-645
The Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite, launched on 17 March 2009, is designed to measure the Earth’s mean gravity field with unprecedented accuracy at spatial resolutions down to 100?km. The accurate calibration of the gravity gradiometer on-board GOCE is of utmost importance for achieving the mission goals. ESA’s baseline method for the calibration uses star sensor and accelerometer data of a dedicated calibration procedure, which is executed every 2?months. In this paper, we describe a method for monitoring the evolution of calibration parameter during that time. The method works with star sensor and accelerometer data and does not require gravity field models, which distinguishes it from other existing methods. We present time series of calibration parameters estimated from GOCE data from 1 November 2009 to 17 May 2010. The time series confirm drifts in the calibration parameters that are present in the results of other methods, including ESA’s baseline method. Although these drifts are very small, they degrade the gravity gradients, leading to the conclusion that the calibration parameters of the ESA’s baseline method need to be linearly interpolated. Further, we find a correction of ?36 × 10?6 for one calibration parameter (in-line differential scale factor of the cross-track gradiometer arm), which improves the gravity gradient performance. The results are validated by investigating the trace of the calibrated gravity gradients and comparing calibrated gravity gradients with reference gradients computed along the GOCE orbit using the ITG-Grace-2010s gravity field model. 相似文献
12.
Calibrating the GOCE accelerations with star sensor data and a global gravity field model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A reliable and accurate gradiometer calibration is essential for the scientific return of the gravity field and steady-state
ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) mission. This paper describes a new method for external calibration of the GOCE gradiometer
accelerations. A global gravity field model in combination with star sensor quaternions is used to compute reference differential
accelerations, which may be used to estimate various combinations of gradiometer scale factors, internal gradiometer misalignments
and misalignments between star sensor and gradiometer. In many aspects, the new method is complementary to the GOCE in-flight
calibration. In contrast to the in-flight calibration, which requires a satellite-shaking phase, the new method uses data
from the nominal measurement phases. The results of a simulation study show that gradiometer scale factors can be estimated
on a weekly basis with accuracies better than 2 × 10−3 for the ultrasensitive and 10−2 for the less sensitive axes, which is compatible with the requirements of the gravity gradient error. Based on a 58-day data
set, scale factors are found that can reduce the errors of the in-flight-calibrated measurements. The elements of the complete
inverse calibration matrix, representing both the internal gradiometer misalignments and scale factors, can be estimated with
accuracies in general better than 10−3. 相似文献
13.
Alternative method for angular rate determination within the GOCE gradiometer processing 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The most crucial part of the GOCE gradiometer processing is, besides the internal calibration of the gradiometer, the determination
of the satellite’s inertial angular rate. This paper describes a new method for the angular rate determination. It is based
on the stochastic properties of the GOCE star sensors and the gradiometer. The attitude information of both instrument types
is combined at the level of angular rates. The combination is done in the spectral domain by Wiener filtering, and thus using
an optimal relative weighting of the star sensor and gradiometer attitude information. Since the complete processing chain
from raw measurements to gravity field solutions is performed, the results are not only analyzed at the level of gravity gradients,
but also of gravity field solutions. Compared to the nominal method, already the resulting gravity gradients show a significantly
improved performance for the frequencies (mainly) below the gradiometer measurement bandwidth. This can be verified by analysis
of the gravity gradient trace. The improvement is propagated to the level of gravity field models, where a better accuracy
can be observed for selected groups of coefficients at characteristic bands at orders k × 16, with integer k, up to high harmonic degrees. 相似文献
14.
Johannes Bouman Sietse Rispens Thomas Gruber Radboud Koop Ernst Schrama Pieter Visser Carl Christian Tscherning Martin Veicherts 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(7):659-678
One of the products derived from the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) observations are the
gravity gradients. These gravity gradients are provided in the gradiometer reference frame (GRF) and are calibrated in-flight
using satellite shaking and star sensor data. To use these gravity gradients for application in Earth scienes and gravity
field analysis, additional preprocessing needs to be done, including corrections for temporal gravity field signals to isolate
the static gravity field part, screening for outliers, calibration by comparison with existing external gravity field information
and error assessment. The temporal gravity gradient corrections consist of tidal and nontidal corrections. These are all generally
below the gravity gradient error level, which is predicted to show a 1/f behaviour for low frequencies. In the outlier detection, the 1/f error is compensated for by subtracting a local median from the data, while the data error is assessed using the median absolute
deviation. The local median acts as a high-pass filter and it is robust as is the median absolute deviation. Three different
methods have been implemented for the calibration of the gravity gradients. All three methods use a high-pass filter to compensate
for the 1/f gravity gradient error. The baseline method uses state-of-the-art global gravity field models and the most accurate results
are obtained if star sensor misalignments are estimated along with the calibration parameters. A second calibration method
uses GOCE GPS data to estimate a low-degree gravity field model as well as gravity gradient scale factors. Both methods allow
to estimate gravity gradient scale factors down to the 10−3 level. The third calibration method uses high accurate terrestrial gravity data in selected regions to validate the gravity
gradient scale factors, focussing on the measurement band. Gravity gradient scale factors may be estimated down to the 10−2 level with this method. 相似文献
15.
GOCE gradiometer: estimation of biases and scale factors of all six individual accelerometers by precise orbit determination 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
P. N. A. M. Visser 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(1):69-85
A method has been implemented and tested for estimating bias and scale factor parameters for all six individual accelerometers
that will fly on-board of GOCE and together form the so-called gradiometer. The method is based on inclusion of the individual
accelerometer observations in precise orbit determinations, opposed to the baseline method where so-called common-mode accelerometer
observations are used. The method was tested using simulated data from a detailed GOCE system simulator. It was found that
the observations taken by individual accelerometers need to be corrected for (1) local satellite gravity gradient (SGG), and
(2) rotational terms caused by centrifugal and angular accelerations, due to the fact that they are not located in the satellite’s
center of mass. For these corrections, use is made of a reference gravity field model. In addition, the rotational terms are
derived from on-board star tracker observations. With a perfect a priori gravity field model and with the estimation of not
only accelerometer biases but also accelerometer drifts, scale factors can be determined with an accuracy and stability better
than 0.01 for two of the three axes of each accelerometer, the exception being the axis pointing along the long axis of the
satellite (more or less coinciding with the flight direction) for which the scale factor estimates are unreliable. This axis
coincides with the axis of drag-free control, which results in a small variance of the signal to be calibrated and thus an
inaccurate determination of its scale factor in the presence of relatively large (colored) accelerometer observation errors.
In the presence of gravity field model errors, it was found that still an accuracy and stability of about 0.015 can be obtained
for the accelerometer scale factors by simultaneously estimating empirical accelerations. 相似文献
16.
Exploring the possibilities for star-tracker assisted calibration of the six individual GOCE accelerometers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. N. A. M. Visser 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(10):591-600
A method has been developed and tested for estimating calibration parameters for the six accelerometers on board the Gravity
field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) from star tracker observations. These six accelerometers are part
of the gradiometer, which is the prime instrument on board GOCE. It will be shown that by taking appropriate combinations
of observations collected by the accelerometers, by modeling acceleration terms caused by gravity gradients from an a priori
low-degree spherical harmonic expansion, and by modeling rotational acceleration terms derived from star-tracker observations,
scale factors of each of the accelerometers can be estimated for each axis. Simulated observations from a so-called end-to-end
simulator were used to test the method. This end-to-end simulator includes a detailed model of the GOCE satellite, its instruments
and instrument errors, and its environment. Results of the tests indicate that scale factors of all six accelerometers can
be determined with an accuracy of around 0.01 for all components on a daily basis. 相似文献
17.
利用先验重力场模型对GOCE卫星重力梯度观测值进行校准分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
GOCE卫星任务搭载了高灵敏度的重力梯度仪,其观测值用于恢复高精度高分辨率的地球重力场。本文利用EIGEN-5C、EGM2008、GOTIM3、GGM03S高精度全球重力场模型,确定了GOCE引力梯度张量的对角分量观测值(Vxx、Vyy、Vzz)的校准参数,分析了比例因子的稳定性,并讨论了相同模型不同阶次、同阶次不同模型以及是否估计漂移参数对比例因子、偏差参数及校准观测值的影响。研究表明比例因子的稳定性在10-4的量级,利用250阶的EIGEN-5C模型和EGM2008模型校准得到观测值的差异小于10-4 E,远远小于观测误差,以1d为周期估计校准参数时,是否估计漂移对校准结果的影响达到0.4E。同时,校准前后观测值差异的频谱说明校准过程主要影响Vxx、Vyy、Vzz观测值的低频部分,即来自先验重力场模型的中低(150)阶次,考虑到GOCE引力梯度的观测频带,校准后的观测值可用于恢复中高频的重力场信号。 相似文献
18.
Biao Lu Zhicai Luo Bo Zhong Hao Zhou Frank Flechtner Christoph Förste Franz Barthelmes Rui Zhou 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(5):561-572
Based on tensor theory, three invariants of the gravitational gradient tensor (IGGT) are independent of the gradiometer reference frame (GRF). Compared to traditional methods for calculation of gravity field models based on the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) data, which are affected by errors in the attitude indicator, using IGGT and least squares method avoids the problem of inaccurate rotation matrices. The IGGT approach as studied in this paper is a quadratic function of the gravity field model’s spherical harmonic coefficients. The linearized observation equations for the least squares method are obtained using a Taylor expansion, and the weighting equation is derived using the law of error propagation. We also investigate the linearization errors using existing gravity field models and find that this error can be ignored since the used a-priori model EIGEN-5C is sufficiently accurate. One problem when using this approach is that it needs all six independent gravitational gradients (GGs), but the components \(V_{xy}\) and \(V_{yz}\) of GOCE are worse due to the non-sensitive axes of the GOCE gradiometer. Therefore, we use synthetic GGs for both inaccurate gravitational gradient components derived from the a-priori gravity field model EIGEN-5C. Another problem is that the GOCE GGs are measured in a band-limited manner. Therefore, a forward and backward finite impulse response band-pass filter is applied to the data, which can also eliminate filter caused phase change. The spherical cap regularization approach (SCRA) and the Kaula rule are then applied to solve the polar gap problem caused by GOCE’s inclination of \(96.7^{\circ }\). With the techniques described above, a degree/order 240 gravity field model called IGGT_R1 is computed. Since the synthetic components of \(V_{xy}\) and \(V_{yz}\) are not band-pass filtered, the signals outside the measurement bandwidth are replaced by the a-priori model EIGEN-5C. Therefore, this model is practically a combined gravity field model which contains GOCE GGs signals and long wavelength signals from the a-priori model EIGEN-5C. Finally, IGGT_R1’s accuracy is evaluated by comparison with other gravity field models in terms of difference degree amplitudes, the geostrophic velocity in the Agulhas current area, gravity anomaly differences as well as by comparison to GNSS/leveling data. 相似文献