共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rivke Jaffe 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(2):184-197
In cities across the world, neoliberal retrenchment, shrinking public expenditure and an emphasis on private‐public partnerships have resulted in the privatization of many services formerly provided by the state. The privatization of security has been one of the most significant shifts in this regard, with citizens becoming responsibilized for safeguarding their own physical integrity and material belongings. This transfer of state responsibility has had an important effect on the spatial organization of cities, as formerly public spaces become both privatized and militarized. Drawing on research in Kingston, Jamaica, this paper describes how new actors from criminal organizations to security companies move to fill these physical and social spaces. Arguing for an increased focus on spatial retreat from below, it highlights the extent to which an extralegal transformation of urban security and services takes place in marginalized areas, parallel to the better studied privatization of security services in affluent areas. 相似文献
2.
随着城市更新的开展,市民在项目推进中的空间感知及参与程度日渐成为学者和城市管理实践者关注的话题。在此背景下,本研究以更新项目实施阶段的广州市荔湾区的广钢新城为案例,通过遥感影像提取的绿地变化强度并结合深度访谈,试图探索广钢新城绿地建设的公众参与状况。研究发现：（1）广钢新城的绿地面积增加,空间可达性明显提升,然而与新进入居民的绿地空间感知没有呈现正相关联系;（2）随着更新项目的建设与空间主体的流变,建成区出现新的主体进入,而更新规划阶段主要以原有主体的意见开展,新旧主体公众参与程度参差不齐,从而造成空间使用的失序;（3）主体的变化是城市更新过程中应关注的动态要素,不同主体空间感知需要在社区治理过程中获得关注。本研究结合遥感及地理信息系统技术,以绿地效益的感知作为切入点探讨社区治理,以期为城市更新建设阶段的公众参与及协作范式提供一定的参考。 相似文献
3.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):160-185
Informed by feminist debates about the distinction between public and private in western urban societies, this article examines some urban landscapes created or transformed in recent decades with a view to assessing the extent to which emancipatory conceptions of gender are apparent. Evidence drawn from the city of Edinburgh shows how divisions between public space and private space operate at different scales and take different forms in different neighborhoods. These forms illustrate how gender and class are interwoven in demarcations between and connotations of public and private spaces. In one of the neighborhoods examined, some breaking down of traditional gender connotations of public and private spaces is detected, a process that is closely associated with privileged middle-class lifestyles. 相似文献
4.
Waldemar Cudny Håkan Appelblad 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(5):273-289
ABSTRACTThe aim of the article is to present and discuss functions of public monuments in relation to different dimensions of geographical space. The authors discuss public spaces, monuments, public art, based on a mixed-method approach and an analysis of scientific literature as the main research method. The theoretical discussion is supplemented with the results of Internet searches and an analysis of media supplements, and specific examples are given, including some from Poland. An additional method was autoethnography, which involved an analysis of cultural phenomena based on the authors’ experience. The analysis revealed that monuments were part of public art and thus enriched public spaces in cities. They fulfilled different important functions: artistic, symbolic, commemorative, political, social, religious, marketing, and mixed. Additionally, the monuments reflected the contemporary transformation of ideas and social orders and therefore also reflected contemporary urban debates. They were products of social relations, powers, ideas, identities, and the collective memory reflected in the urban spatial structure of cities. The authors conclude that the examples presented in the demonstrate that monuments perform various functions in urban public spaces. From a spatial perspective, the role of monuments depends on their different impacts on people’s perceptions and interpretations of space. 相似文献
5.
长春市公共服务设施用地演变格局与机制 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
公共服务设施用地是城市功能用地的主要组成部分,公共服务设施用地的集聚与扩散可以更直接地揭示城市空间结构与城市中心地的演变特征。本文以长春市中心城区为研究范围,利用城市用地现状图、地形图等数据资源,借助GIS软件,采用核密度、斑块聚合度指数等方法,分析了长春市2003-2013年公共服务设施用地演变特征与机制。研究发现：公共服务设施用地规模增速低于城市建成区的增速;公共服务设施用地演变特征的圈层差异明显;公共服务设施用地空间结构从“单一化核心+多次级中心”到“多样化核心+多次级中心”,空间格局从“大分散、小集中”到“大集中、小分散”;城市不同公共服务设施用地类型表现出不同的演变特征;城市公共服务设施用地演变机制为城市功能空间的整体提升、城市功能空间的互动耦合、土地利用的市场竞争、交通设施与网络的完善、城市规划的引导与调控、城市大事件的快速推动。 相似文献
6.
Grete Swensen Helena Nordh Jan Brendalsmo 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2016,70(1):41-53
The amount of green space in urban areas is shrinking. Densification and the introduction of new user groups in most cities today is leading to more intensive use of public spaces and the need for more space. Urban cemeteries constitute a unique type of public space: while some may consider them primarily religious and contemplative spaces, others see them as primarily recreational or as heritage sites steeped in history. The authors examine the extent to which the pressure on cities’ open green areas combined with influences from intercultural encounters is mirrored in the use and character of cemeteries today – exemplified by Gamlebyen Cemetery (Gamlebyen Gravlund) in Oslo, Norway. They used observations in combination with short semi-structured interviews with those using the cemetery. The findings of pilot study conducted in 2013 suggest that religious aspects played a minor role and that the recreational aspects were more important to most of the interviewees. Many of them considered that the cemetery provided a pleasant green walkway on their way to work, busses or city services. The cemetery offered a combination of calmness, an aesthetically pleasant environment, and ‘cultivated nature’ in an urban context, and was thus an arena that invited respect and esteem. 相似文献
7.
Eugene J. McCann 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(2):207-218
One aspect of a recent restructuring of urban economies, societies, and spaces has been a change in urban planning practice. Planning is increasingly privatized and decentralized in U.S. cities. Private planning consultants are often hired by public‐private coalitions in order to shape the future of cities, while the planning processes they institute are frequently claimed to be consensus‐based, collaborative, and inclusionary, rather than elite‐centered and expert‐driven. This paper discusses the use of “visioning”—an increasingly popular technique that develops goals for the future of a city through consensus‐based meetings, open to all parties—as developed by New Century Lexington, a public‐private planning initiative in Lexington, Kentucky. It argues that: (1) new public‐private planning procedures, incorporating collaborative techniques, frequently become the institutional sites of political struggle over how future urban geographies are produced; (2) in order to understand the role of visioning in contemporary urban politics and in policy making outcomes, we must recognize the sociospatial context in which it is deployed; and (3) in the case of New Century, the way in which local elites controlled the mechanics of the visioning process made dissent difficult and, therefore, produced a vision of the future largely parallel to their standard economic development models. 相似文献
8.
2002-2012年长春市城市功能空间耦合研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以长春市多年用地现状图和统计资料为数据源,以ArcGIS和SPSS软件为分析工具,引入静态耦合度和动态耦合度概念,从居住空间视角对长春市城市功能空间耦合的空间差异特征进行了动态研究,分析了城市功能空间耦合的动力机制。研究发现：① 长春市城市空间扩展仍未摆脱圈层扩张的窠臼,居住空间表现出过高的扩张强度,是城市功能空间低耦合近域扩展的重要原因;② 城市功能空间耦合的地域差异显著,核心区动、静态耦合度均高于外围,城市功能空间处于重构期,外围则处于低耦合的快速扩张状态;③选取耦合度指标通过聚类分析方法将中心城区划分为高耦合比较成熟、高耦合趋于成熟、高耦合新兴、低耦合比较稳定、低耦合新兴和低耦合特殊城市功能空间六类。 相似文献
9.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):271-275
I define how public space is constituted not by real property but by a regime made up of regulatory practices. What is at issue in assertions about the decline of public space is that this regulatory regime is reconfiguring liberty—that is, rights to public space—through a change in the conception of the public, of who and what belong as part of the public. By way of a case study (the redevelopment of the corner of Yonge and Dundas Streets in Toronto), I argue that liberty is defined by a multiplicity of practices (e.g., laws, regulations, urban design, surveillance, policing) that are oriented to a particular conception of the public, and which seek to guide the conduct of agents. This suggests that if our concern is to expand the political and social uses of public space then we need to turn our attention away from resources, spaces, and goods and toward how the regulatory regime configures liberty and in turn the possibilities that public space can be taken and made. 相似文献
10.
Climate change in cities has received much focus in the past few decades. Heat stress in urban areas has an adverse effect on human health and is expected to worsen in the future due to the global warming. Vegetation has been shown to mitigate this effect, but introducing ‘green’ areas into the metropolitan space is a challenging task. We assessed the thermal load in terms of surface temperature in Tel Aviv, the biggest metropolitan area of Israel. The thermal effect of four different urban land uses was estimated. Specifically, we compared the cooling effect of residential areas with high vegetation cover (referred here as ‘green’ residential) to that of small to medium size (2–40 ha) public parks. To this end, we used satellite data of land surface temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as a surrogate for vegetation cover. High-temporal data were combined with high spatial resolutions data to produce 10-year average LST and NDVI maps at high spatial resolution over Tel Aviv. As expected, industrial areas had the highest LST due to lowest ratio of vegetation to free space area (1%), while ‘green’ areas displayed the lowest LST. Green residential and small-medium public parks had comparable thermal loads, with green residential having slightly lower LST (by 0.5 °C). In general, small-medium public parks displayed higher LST than expected. Inefficient use of free spaces for vegetation, i.e., relatively low vegetation cover to free space ratio, was probably the main cause for this. Public parks had a higher local cooling effect, but a less continuous one on the proximate surrounding (30–90 m from the park), probably due to their relative location in the urban fabric. Our results suggest that ‘greening’ areas within the private urban space should be encouraged at the expense of building new small-medium parks in metropolitan areas that lack the sufficient free space for larger parks. The outcome of this study may have key implications for urban planners seeking to mitigate urban heat island effects under the limitation of existing dense urban layout. 相似文献
11.
基于高斯两步移动搜索法的沈阳市绿地可达性评价 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
基于高斯两步移动搜索法,进行沈阳市绿地可达性分析。在揭示研究区内绿地可达性空间格局的同时,探索这一新方法的实际应用价值。结果显示：① 沈阳市绿地可达性整体上具有北高南低、东高西低的空间分布特征,4 个高值区与3 个低值区可清晰识别;高值区域主要分布在核心城区的近外围,低值区域主要分布于核心城区与城市的西部及南部远郊。② 沈阳市绿地可达性空间格局十分不平衡,具有较强的空间极化特征,70%以上的街道绿地可达性低于全市平均水平,只有少数街道呈现较高的可达性,人口与绿地的空间不匹配是造成不平衡的主要因素。③ 根据可达性评价结果,提出了实施空间优化策略,促进绿地服务均等化的相关建议。该方法能够较好地揭示城市绿地系统与人口相互作用的规律,未来还应进一步与客观实际结合,使之更加具体化和实用化。 相似文献
12.
Alasdair Jones 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1144-1170
Public space is a feature of the urban built environment that has received increasing attention in recent years. Discussion has focused on the theoretical decline of public space, as private and institutional forces take on increasing influence. At the same time, many such “in-between spaces,” even privately owned ones, are used and experienced as public on a daily basis. Few studies, however, have explored how spaces understood as public are used and practised as such. To address this gap in the literature this paper draws upon ethnographic data collected on the “South Bank” in London (United Kingdom) to argue that “play” is a recurrent trait of sociospatial practices enacted in public space. Three interrelated typologies of playful practices in public space are discussed: child's play, plays on meaning, and play as simulation. 相似文献
13.
山地城市格局对餐饮业区位选择影响的空间异质性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
城市格局对产业布局有深刻影响,山地城市尤甚。餐饮业是城市商业的重要“引流业态”,其布局与城市居住、交通、公共服务等空间功能密切相关,山地城市格局对餐饮业布局影响的空间异质性尤为明显和特殊。以典型山地城市重庆主城区为研究对象,基于多源兴趣点（POI）数据,运用核密度、空间自相关、地理加权回归等空间分析工具,探究山地城市格局对餐饮业区位选择影响的空间异质性。结果表明：① 重庆主城区餐饮业空间布局形态呈凝聚多中心特征,形成“一主两副四次级”的多中心空间结构,是重庆主城区“多中心,组团式”城市格局的缩影。② 餐饮业发育成熟度与山地城市扩展时序密切相关,且空间分布方向与城市扩展方向一致。③ 同一类城市空间因子对不同城市组团的餐饮业分布具有不同甚至相反的影响力,相较圈层式单中心城市空间因子作用模式的空间异质性更为显著,其本质原因在于山水自然分割和城市扩展的特殊性导致的中心组团和外围组团资源要素配置不均。④ 不同城市空间因子对餐饮业布局的作用力也具有空间异质性,城市居住、商业、交通、公共服务、休闲空间等5类因子在不同区域对餐饮业区位选择均有不同程度正向促进作用,其中城市商业空间因子对餐饮业区位选择影响最大。 相似文献
14.
城市犯罪空间盲区的综合治理研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综合治理城市犯罪的空间盲区,是解决城市犯罪问题的有效途径,其研究为城市规划、建设和管理有利于预防和控制犯罪,提供了新的理念与方法,为犯罪地理学和城市地理学开辟了一个新的研究领域。根据空间盲区的形态、性质和对犯罪的影响,将城市犯罪的空间盲区划分为公共、非公共、边际、移动和虚拟空间等5种类型。在述评国外城市犯罪空间研究进展的基础上,构建了城市犯罪空间盲区综合治理的理论平台,论证了空间盲区综合治理的不可替代性,提出了综合治理的基础理论要点和应用理论要点。空间盲区的形成有一系列深刻的空间区位因素,其综合治理研究应有明确的研究目标和方向,核心研究内容为5类空间盲区综合治理的途径、实施方案和措施。还提出了综合治理研究的思路、方法和关键技术。 相似文献
15.
PETRA KUPPINGER 《Geographical review》2005,95(3):348-372
ABSTRACT. Rapid construction of new spaces like hotels, malls, private clubs, and gated communities in Greater Cairo, Egypt produces structures disconnected spatially and conceptually from most of the existing urban fabric. Their spatial concepts and practices, as well as architectural forms and expertise, are based largely on globally available models. Planning and construction are guided by the search for security in the face of real or imagined fear of the urban masses and political upheaval. Concrete walls, guarded entrances, and high‐tech security technology bear witness to these fears. Analysis of the Mena House Hotel, the Grand Egyptian Museum project, and the First Mall in Giza shows how these projects globalize Cairo and localize the global. Often these globalized spaces are remade by creating local and regional ties and design features that were not anticipated by the planners. Such changes shed light on underlying dynamics and contribute to a better understanding of in situ globalization. Whereas their physical features tend to accentuate their globalized nature, these spaces do not exist in isolation from their geographical and cultural contexts. Their everyday realities tell tales of reterritorialization that are frequently overlooked in scholarly debates. 相似文献
16.
Na’ama Teschner 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):918-937
ABSTRACTThe zone of intersection between land and sea within an urban context has long been viewed as a special type of urban commons. The well-researched port-city interface, however, tells a rather tragic story about the use and management of this valuable resource. This study asks how four major regulatory-institutional issues in the interface – land ownership, activities allowed in port area, planning autonomy, and public access – affect the ability of ports and cities to preserve elements of “commons” in urban coasts? Furthermore, it assesses if and how Elinor Ostrom’s principles for overcoming commons-related tensions, could contribute to the management of port-city conflicts over land-uses in the Mediterranean urban coastline and the various questions that may derive from such an application. For these purposes the study combines a comprehensive literature review with the analysis of planning regulation and in-depth, semi-structured interviews of key-stakeholders in seven port cities across three Mediterranean countries. The common experience in these different cases suggests that through a strategy involving scaling-down spatial decisions or governance, and built-in mechanisms for spatial cooperation, ports and the cities that host them can find a new joint path, which will strengthen local synergies and the quality of urban, public space. 相似文献
17.
Abbas Rajabifard Behnam Atazadeh Mohsen Kalantari 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(10):2098-2122
Three-dimensional (3D) spatial information models are increasingly being adopted to help communicate the spatial dimensions of complex built environments. Land administration practices in multi-owned developments include the subdivision, registration and management of legal interests associated with private, communal and public properties, which are often located along the vertical dimension. The spatial structure of each legal interest is normally composed of invisible spaces, defined as the inside and outside of multi-owned developments, as well as physically built structures. Additionally, a wide variety of legal boundary types mark out the spatial limits of the individual parts of each legal interest. These legal boundaries are typically delineated by either relying on fixed surveying measurements or referencing physically existent objects. This article provides a critical assessment of 3D spatial information models in terms of their capabilities for modelling legal interests and legal boundaries defined in the Victorian jurisdiction. We classify these models into three categories: purely legal, purely physical and integrated. This assessment provides the basis for developing a new 3D spatial information model, which would subsequently support a pathway towards realising the Victorian land administration system in a 3D digital environment. 相似文献
18.
基于社会属性的北京市居民居住与就业空间集聚特征 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
制度转型期,中国城市居民社会空间发生了新的变化,居民居住和就业空间组织也变得更为复杂,并引起了广泛关注。基于2010 年问卷调查数据,采用缓冲区、最近邻层次聚类和Ripley K函数等空间分析方法对北京城市不同社会属性居民的居住和就业空间分布特征进行实证分析。研究发现：① 总体上,北京城市居民居住和就业空间圈层分异明显。在各圈层内部,不同人群的居住和就业空间分布比例亦存在相对差异;职住空间错位程度表明距市中心15 km左右是城市就业功能和居住功能主导地位转化的分界线;职住平衡度整体上呈现出由内圈层到外圈层递减的趋势,但高收入阶层和年轻白领的职住平衡度相对较低。② 不同人群居住与就业空间集聚特征存在明显差异。一般平民居住和就业均呈散点状集聚;年轻打工族居住和就业集聚区域紧邻,主要集聚在四环以内的城市东部区域;高收入阶层居住呈现“小集中、大分散”集聚特征,就业集聚区多集中在四环以内的城市东部和西北部区域;年轻白领居住集聚区呈现城市西部条带状和东部散点状相结合特征,就业集聚区主要在中关村和CBD为中心的两条轴状区域。③ 不同人群居住和就业空间集聚的尺度特征较为相似,呈现随距离增加“先增后减”变化趋势,但距离阈值存在差异。表现为高收入群体居住空间可选范围较小,一般平民就业空间可选范围较小,而年轻白领居住和就业空间可选范围均较大。 相似文献
19.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):988-1003
This article argues that urban skateboarding and the laws by which the city is governed must be understood as intertwined. The transformation of skateboarding's most popular practices from the 1970s onward are a product of an ongoing dialectical engagement between young people and the law. When faced with shifting landscapes of property and liability, young skaters have adapted their practices, seeking out new types of terrain. This search has led skateboarding into the public spaces of the city and regimes of urban governance. Contemporary efforts to build public skateparks in cities such as Seattle, Washington are properly contextualized as part of a continuing evolution of skaters' agency in responding to and capitalizing on openings in the legal landscape. By working both within the political system and constructing skateparks outside conventional political avenues, skatepark advocates seek spaces that are free from increasingly restrictive conventional logics of private and public property. 相似文献
20.
杭州城市休闲绿地可达性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于GIS空间分析技术, 运用最小距离法和基于路网的行进成本分析法, 对不同尺度的杭州城市休闲绿地空间可达性进行定量测度。研究结果表明:① 杭州城市休闲绿地的平均可达时间为3.8 min, 92.11%的居民可在10 min 内到达一处休闲绿地;可达性最差(可达时间30~50 min)的居民区分布在主城区的边缘地带。② 风景区类休闲绿地的可达时间为20.33 min, 可达性最好的是西湖风景区绿地和西溪湿地风景区绿地。③ 各乡镇街道到风景区绿地的可达性呈现出以西湖为中心的不严格的圈层结构, 距离西湖风景区越远, 可达性越差。最后探讨了杭州城市休闲绿地可达性的差异, 以期为城市休闲绿地研究提供新思路, 为杭州城市休闲绿地的空间格局优化提供科学参考。 相似文献