共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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为研究山东蒙阴金伯利岩型金刚石晶体中氮片晶的分布特征,采用红外光谱仪对116粒宝石级金刚石晶体样品中的氮片晶进行分析,并采用微分干涉显微镜观察氮片晶在金刚石表面所具有的物理化学性质及其表面微细结构。结果表明,80.2%的金刚石样品中具有氮片晶;在个别浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品{111}面上观察到平行于[100]晶带方向的长条状蚀像,这些蚀像相互平行,大小不等。显微红外光谱对具长条状蚀像的金刚石样品{111}面的测试结果表明,该类晶体均具有较强的氮片晶的吸收峰（1359~1375cm-1）。综合浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品的红外光谱及其表面微形貌特征,推测长条状蚀像是由氮片晶的出露点受优先选择性腐蚀而致。 相似文献
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小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中黄铁矿晶体的表面微形貌研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用微分干涉显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中黄铁矿晶体的表面微形貌进行了研究。黄铁矿晶体的{210}面上发育自由生长层，表明{210}面是F面，其生长机理受二维成核层生长所制约。除简单的五角十二面体外，其他形态黄铁矿晶体的{210}面上也发育有自由生长层。{210}面上的正条纹有些是由{100}面上生长层的边缘台阶在{210}面上叠堆形成，另一些正条纹则是{210}面上生长层边缘台阶堆叠的产物。透射电镜和电子衍射花样研究表明，负条纹黄铁矿晶体是由30～50nm大小的核团经自动定向附生作用形成，每个核团不是单晶体，而是由许多早先在溶液中形成的小微晶聚合而成。这些特征表明负条纹黄铁矿晶体是在溶液过饱和度极高和温度梯度小的理想环境中形成，它的形成与杂质无关。PBC理论和唐纳-哈克定律能较好地解释自然界中黄铁矿晶体{100}面上普遍发育自由生长层、而{210}面上自由生长层极为罕见的原因。除日本释迦内矿区黑矿之上的浮岩凝灰岩中产生出负条纹黄铁矿晶体外，在石英脉型金矿床中也有负条纹黄铁矿晶体产出。 相似文献
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湖南金刚石主要产自沅江流域.金刚石表面普遍遭受了强烈的熔蚀, 与位错相关的熔蚀特征主要为熔蚀线和熔蚀孔道.熔蚀线常见的为一组和二组, 有时为三组, 组内相互平行, 组间相互交切.熔蚀孔道则沿主滑移面成排分布, 孔道圆而直, 其形成的原因与主滑移面和另一强滑移面交切形成的应力虚脱区有关.将金刚石沿生长中心磨成薄片, 在阴极发光(CL)、正交偏光和显微放大观察发现, 金刚石的主滑移面方向常表现为平行消光条带, 一组条带相互平行, 二组相互交切, 三组形成六方环, 四组构成应力幻影.消光条带与褐色色带的形成密切相关, 有褐色色带必有消光条带与之对应, 但有消光条带则不一定有褐色色带与之对应.透射电镜(TEM) 资料显示: 金刚石中刃型位错与螺旋位错均有发育, 位错缠结十分明显, 位错密度分布不均, 在位错缠结的带内位错密度明显高于带间.从生长与变形特征的关系来看, 金刚石的塑性变形发生于生长完成之后. 相似文献
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板状绿柱石产于花岗岩云英岩化边部或晶洞壁的白云母-钠长石-绿柱石-水晶的矿物组合中,钠长石呈自形晶,绿柱石的洁净度与透明度相对较差。晶体测量表明,晶体的单形晶面发育依次为c{0001}→s{11 2-1}→p{10 1-1}→m{10 1-0}→v{21 3-1}、n{45 9-4}、a{11 2-0}。微分干涉显微镜(DIC)及扫描电镜(SEM)研究表明:各单形晶面上生长纹(微形貌)反映面网结构的对称性,c{0001}单形晶面上的六边形溶蚀坑(50～170μm)是由平行晶体C轴的各单形晶面生长层从晶体中心向外叠堆组成,层生长机理制约晶体生长全过程,平行双面(c)的生长层较薄(5～8μm)且较稳定,六方双锥(s)生长层较厚且圆滑,六方柱(m)生长层由晶体中心往外其厚度由厚逐渐变薄(12～20μm),台间隔由窄变宽。晶体溶蚀是从面网密度最大的c{0001}开始,溶蚀面积依平行双面(c)、六方双锥(s)单形晶面由大变小,六方柱(a)、复六方双锥(v、n)单形晶面因面网密度小而未受到溶蚀。据矿物共生组合、流体包裹体均一法测量与拉曼光谱(LRS)分析表明板状绿柱石是在中–高温(303℃)、过饱和度较大、成矿介质的钠长石化发育且热动力环境相对稳定的条件下形成,气液包裹体主要由H2O、CO2及微量CH4、N2组成,CO2及微量CH4、N2可能与碳酸盐围岩有关。 相似文献
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辽宁金刚石中的六方镍黄铁矿及钾盐包裹体 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在产于辽宁的一粒金刚石中新发现了具六方对称外形的镍黄铁矿和钾盐包裹体。金刚石呈八体，无裂缝，表面有熔蚀纹。镍黄铁矿具完好的晶表，发育平行双面{0001}及六方双锥{h0hl}，根据电子探地的成分分析结果，计算的矿物化学式为（Ni，Fe，Co）8．62－9．01S8；拉曼光谱分析表明，其拉曼位移有别于一般的镍黄矿（立方对称）。钾盐（KCl）包裹体呈不规则状，可见似片状晶体，集合体成叠层状；除钾盐外，可能不存在CaCl2等包裹体。金刚石中这包裹体的发现，指示了地幔中局部存在富钾、富氯和高铁镍硫的液相（或熔体）。 相似文献
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两类榴辉岩的石榴石变形特征差异——来自TEM研究的证据 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
大陆碰撞造山带中超高压榴辉岩从变形程度上通常可以分为面理化榴辉岩和块状榴辉岩两类。本文利用透射电子显微镜对中国大陆科学钻探主孔岩心中面理化榴辉岩和块状榴辉岩的石榴石变形特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)面理化榴辉岩中石榴石的位错密度比块状榴辉岩中石榴石的位错密度高大约3个数量级,位错密度达1.2×1010/cm2。并且有水分子团与高密度位错共存,表明主导石榴石发生强烈塑性变形的机制为水弱化的位错滑移。(2)块状榴辉岩中石榴石的位错密度低,没有观察到水分子团,虽然在局部发现有位错网,但总体上仍呈刚性。(3)两类榴辉岩的石榴石中占主导地位的位错滑移系都是1/2<111>{110},其次为<100>{010}。本文对变形石榴石晶体中水的赋存状态、水弱化机制及变形石榴石形态优选方位与晶格优选方位不协调问题进行了讨论:(1)水在石榴石晶体中有三种可能赋存状态:第一种是吸附于位错管道中的极化水分子;第二种是通过晶体表面以及位错管道扩散进入晶格的间隙水分子;第三种是以4OH-替代SiO44-形式的结构水。(2)石榴石水弱化机制有两种可能:一种是水弱化促进的位错滑移机制,在面理化榴辉岩石榴石的塑性变形中起主导作用;另一种是水弱化促进的扩散和颗粒边界滑移机制,在面理化榴辉岩石榴石的塑性变形中只起次要作用。(3)变形石榴石不产生明显的LPO是由其晶体结构本身特征所决定的,并不能排除其主导变形机制仍然是位错滑移的可能性。 相似文献
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粤北乐家湾锑矿床中辉锑矿特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乐家湾锑矿床中辉锑矿在成分上表现出阴离子亏损,亏损量为0.067—0.080;晶胞参数α_0与形成温度呈很好的负相关;反射率Rg=37.81—48.11％、Rm=33.63—38.98％、Rp=25.97—30.39％,其非均质性在长波段变化较强;实测和理论计算的比重值近标准值上限;自然热发光出现两类发光峰,Ⅰ类位于163—200℃,另一类位220—227℃;δ~(34)S在-1.2—+1.0‰之间;晶体测量表明晶体均具有{010},{110}、(210}及{111}单形,未出现{okl}和{hol}单形,在其生长过程中,锥面单形数目逐渐减小且晶面指数由高到低变化。 相似文献
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The internal structure of variety III diamonds (Orlov 1977) was examined by X-ray section topography. The crystal space was found to be divided into six cubic sectors of a face-form of rhombododecahedroid variety III (Shafranovsky 1961). The defect lines on the topographs are the traces of {110} defect planes. It is concluded that separate 〈111〉 fibres are grouped into {110} layers (lamellae). The internal structure of the crystals is characterized by continuous warping of crystal planes and is directly connected with {110} defect planes which are tilt boundaries. Examples of variants of filling cubic sectors are given and their connection with misorientation shown on topographs demonstrated. The characteristic internal structure of variety III diamonds can account for their morphological features and structure-dependent properties; for examples, the cleavage on {110} and {100}. 相似文献
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E. I. Zhimulev V. M. Sonin A. I. Chepurov A. A. Tomilenko 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(3):243-246
The results of chromatographic study of the formation of rhombododecahedral diamonds synthesized in the Fe-Ni-(Ti)-C system at 5.5–6.0 GPa and 1350–1450°C are presented, including crystals with rounded surfaces of the rhombododecahedron with parallel striation, which are morphological analogues of natural diamonds abundant at various kimberlite, lamproite, and placer deposits. Chromatography was performed at 150°C with mechanical breakup of diamonds. The stable release of methane when diamonds of habit {110} are crushed is established. It is concluded that the appearance of the habit rhombododecahedron may be related not only to the effect of temperature and pressure on crystal growth but also to reductive conditions of crystallization. At the same time, the appearance of significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the system probably results in stopping of the growth of faces {110} and {100} and, instead, formation of specific surfaces that are composed of microscopic accessories faced by planes {111}. 相似文献
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Alexandre Mussi Patrick Cordier Sylvie Demouchy Claude Vanmansart 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(7):537-545
A San Carlos olivine polycrystal has been deformed under uppermost mantle conditions, by compression at 900 °C, at a strain rate of 1.1 × 10?5 s?1, under a confining pressure of 300 MPa, using the Paterson press. Transmission electron tomography of dislocations has been performed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, by conventional transmission electron microscopy using the weak-beam dark-field technique, associated with precession or not, in order to determine the glide planes of [001] screw dislocations. This recent technique is the most suitable one since most [001] dislocations exhibit straight screw segments due to the high lattice friction on this character at low temperature. We find that [001] dislocations glide in (100), (010) and {110} as already reported, but also more unexpectedly in {120} and {130}. We show that at 900 °C, [001] {110} glide is dominant in polycrystals. We have, however, noted and characterized numerous cross-slip events in the specimen. 相似文献
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Two crystals of natural chalcopyrite, CuFeS2, experimentally deformed at 200° C have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The activated glide planes are (001) and {112}. The dislocations in (001) have the Burgers vector [110] and a predominating edge character. They are split into two colinear partials b=1/2[110] and can cross split into {112}. The dislocations in {112} consist of straight segments along low index lattice lines. They are often arranged in dipoles generating trails of loops. Few dislocations with b=1/2[ \(\overline {11} \) 1] and [1 \(\bar 1\) 0] are present and dislocations with b=[0 \(\bar 2\) 1] occur in low angle subgrain boundaries. From weak beam contrasts it is presumed that most of the dislocations gliding in {112} have b=1/2〈3 \(\overline {11} \) 〉. They are dissociated into up to four partials. Microtwins and different types of stacking faults in {112} also occur. Models of the dissociation of dislocations are discussed. 相似文献
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Dislocation configurations in natural single crystals of CaTiO3 perovskite deformed in high-temperature creep were examined and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Screw dislocations with Burgers vector [100]pc and [011]pc, dissociated on the $(01\bar 1)_{{\text{pc}}} $ plane, form rectangular networks with extended four-fold nodes in the shape of octagons, a configuration never observed in any of the previously investigated perovskites, except CaGeO3. Screw dislocations with Burgers vector [101]pc and $(\bar 101)_{{\text{pc}}} $ , on the (010)pc plane, react to form a twist wall; the dislocations with Burgers vector [002] produced by the reaction decompose into two perfect dislocations [001]pc. This results in a new configuration, never observed before, with three-fold nodes at the corners of rectangles. Both the octagonal extended nodes and the junctions decomposed into perfect dislocations are seen in samples deformed indifferently by slip on {100}pc or {110}pc planes, but they seem to appear only above 1520 K, in the cubic phase. 相似文献
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This paper is a study of the etch pits on the {210} surfaces of pyrite. There is great similarity between them and the etch pits which appear on the {100} and {111} forms. The presence of six-fold growth spirals, frequent on the {210} form surfaces, result from a cooperation of two three-fold growth spirals generated from screw dislocations with the same sign of their Burgers vectors and different modulus. 相似文献
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Widely extended, cation stacking faults in experimentally deformed Mg2GeO4 spinel have been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The faults lie on {110} planes. The displacement vector is of the form \(\frac{1}{4}\left\langle {1\bar 10} \right\rangle \) and is normal to the fault plane. The partial dislocations which bound the stacking fault have colinear Burgers vectors of the form \(\frac{1}{4}\left\langle {1\bar 10} \right\rangle \) which are normal to the fault plane. 相似文献
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Helmut Schäfer Wolfgang Friedrich Müller Ulrich Hornemann 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1983,9(6):248-252
Shock recovery experiments on synthetic MgAl2O4-spinel samples in the pressure range 25.5 to 50.5 GPa have been performed in order to examine the effects of shock waves on this material. The shocked samples were subsequently studied in the transmission electron microscope. All samples showed shock-induced dislocations with the Burgers vector 1/2 〈110〉 and twin lamellae of the twin-law {111}. In addition, samples, which had experienced the higher pressures, showed lamellar areas of a crystalline phase that we have not yet been able fully to characterize. It is probably not ε-MgAl2O4. 相似文献