共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为使TiO2能在可见光作用下发挥光催化作用,并易于从水中分离,将掺有稀土金属离子Er3+的上转换发光剂Er3+:YAlO3与TiO2采用溶胶-凝胶法结合,再将其负载于聚氨酯海绵(PS)载体表面,制备Er3+:YAlO3/TiO2-PS光催化剂。利用响应面(RSM)方法对光催化材料制备条件进行优化,根据中心组合设计方法设计出3因素5水平析因实验,以光催化剂对苯酚的降解率作为响应值,得到最佳的催化剂制备条件:在水热处理温度110~114 ℃、光催化剂中TiO2质量浓度60~65 mg/L、海绵/溶胶负载比20 g/L时苯酚降解率最佳,与实测结果相符。 相似文献
2.
选取土壤、水系沉积物、岩石、超基性岩、黏土等标准物质,应用混合溶剂与样品质量比为14：1的高稀释比方法熔融制备测试样品,拟合校准曲线,建立X射线荧光光谱（XRF）同时测定硅酸盐岩石样品中18种组分（SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、K2O、Na2O、TiO2、BaO、MnO、P2O5、Cr2O3、V2O5、Rb、Sr、Zr、Cu、Ni）的快速分析方法.应用帕纳科Eagon2全自动高频电感熔样机,称取7.0000 g（45Li2B4O7+10LiBO2+5LiF）混合溶剂与0.5000 g样品混合均匀,分别加入氧化剂饱和硝酸铵溶液2滴,脱模剂饱和溴化锂溶液4滴,于700℃先预氧化4 min,再1 120℃熔融9 min制备样片,自然冷却至室温.此熔样方法能保证样品中待测组分熔化完全,并制得表面光滑平整的样片.用国家标准物质验证,测试结果的准确度和精密度均符合《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》（DZ/T 0130-2006）要求. 相似文献
3.
道县虎子岩碱性玄武岩筒产出较多的辉长岩包体。用于锆石定年的辉长岩样品的岩石化学特征显示：其K2O、Fe2O3、TiO2高于其他同类样品,稀土元素、微量元素总量也相对较高,样品的K*值（2KN/（TaN+LaN））为7.60>1,显示岩浆具有亲岛弧性质,反映源区地幔受到较强的交代作用;Nb*值（2 NbN/（KN+LaN））为0.11<1,反映基性岩浆侵入时受到了地壳混染;辉长岩中的锆石具有清晰的韵律环带,Th/U值=0.91~4.35,具有岩浆锆石的特征;锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（201.50±0.53）Ma,代表了辉长岩的结晶年龄;εHf （t）值为-0.88~4.45,投点落入球粒陨石附近,暗示强烈的壳幔交换作用;Hf模式年龄平均为751 Ma,反映早期地壳对岩石源区的贡献。Hf同位素组成特征反映辉长质岩浆是在印支晚期局部拉张背景下,岩石圈上地幔上隆减压熔融的产物。 相似文献
4.
掺铜TiO2/膨润土光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以天然钠基膨润土为载体,利用四氯化钛水解法制备了掺铜TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂;比较了不同量Cu2+对TiO2/钠基膨润土的修饰作用及不同光照条件对光催化性能的影响。采用分光光度计、XRD、IR及TG-DTA等测试手段对试验结果进行表征。结果表明,铜的掺入对TiO2/膨润土光催化活性有显著提高:当掺铜量为原土阳离子交换量的10.9%时,紫外光下催化效果最好;16.4%时太阳光下催化效果最好。复合后样品热处理温度为500 ℃,获得较理想的光催化活性。 相似文献
5.
自然状态下土壤中重金属元素是否稳定存在是重金属污染固化修复技术中的核心问题。本文以常见重金属离子Pb2+为例,分析土壤中重金属离子与常见离子基团结合的稳定性。将第一性原理应用于Pb的存在形态和稳定性的分析,计算了PbCO3、PbSO4、PbCl2、Pb3（PO4）2、PbAl2O4和Pb3Fe2（PO4）4的自由能、能带和态密度。首先推断Pb2+和CO32-、SO42-、Cl-、PO43-等土壤中常见阴离子的结合稳定性,再判断加入金属阳离子Al3+和Fe3+对体系稳定性的影响。结果表明：铅化合物自由能从高到低趋势为PbCl2、PbAl2O4、PbCO3、PbSO4、Pb3（PO4）2、Pb3Fe2（PO4）4,其相应的结构稳定性顺序从大到小为Pb3Fe2（PO4）4、Pb3（PO4）2、PbSO4、PbCO3、PbAl2O4、PbCl2。通过对能带和态密度的分析,首先确定了SO42-和PO43-的引入能够增强含Pb体系的稳定性,进一步加入金属阳离子Fe3+会使体系更稳定。推测SO42-、PO43-为治理Pb2+污染合适的官能团,应选择容易释放SO42-、PO43-的物质作为合适的钝化剂。在实际应用中可选择磷酸二氢钠、无水硫酸钠、脱硫石膏等作为钝化剂。 相似文献
6.
NHx（NH3和NH4+）是大气中主要的碱性物质,NHx干沉降是大气中NHx移除的重要途径之一。本研究于2019年8月11日至31日在江西省南昌市东华理工大学分昼夜采集了大气NHx干沉降样本(包括颗粒铵(NH+4（p）)和气态氨(NH3（g）)),测定了干沉降样本的NH4+离子浓度、δ15N-NH4+和pH,基于干沉降样品中NHx浓度估算了大气中NHx干沉降通量。结果显示,白天NHx干沉降通量(0.2～25.9μg/（m2·h）,均值14.2±10.0μg/（m2·h）)低于夜晚(0.9～50.2μg/（m2·h）,均值23.1±1... 相似文献
7.
通过对内蒙古阿拉善右旗雅干地区好比如、杭乌拉剖面二叠系埋汗哈达组硅质岩岩石学特征、主量元素、稀土元素地球化学研究,探讨了硅质岩的成因及其沉积环境。地球化学测试结果显示：好比如剖面硅质岩SiO2质量分数为89.83%~94.16%,平均值为92.01%,Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值为0.49~0.65,平均值为0.56,δCe值为0.87~0.92,平均值为0.89;杭乌拉剖面硅质岩SiO2质量分数为75.93%~90.14%,平均值为86.70%,Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值为0.68~0.78,平均值为0.73,δCe值为0.89~0.94,平均值为0.90;在Al-Fe-Mn三角图上,样品全部落入生物成因硅质岩区,指示研究区硅质岩为海水生物沉积成因。好比如剖面硅质岩Al2O3/（Al2O3+Fe2O3）值为0.59~0.78,平均值为0.71,MnO/TiO2值为0.17~0.88,平均值为0.41,（La/Ce）N值为1.07~1.25,平均值为1.16,Ceanom值为-0.059~-0.026,平均值为-0.043;杭乌拉剖面硅质岩Al2O3/（Al2O3+Fe2O3）值为0.78~0.86,平均值为0.83,MnO/TiO2值为0.04~0.40,平均值为0.16,（La/Ce）N值为1.02~1.15,平均值为1.10,Ceanom值为-0.041~-0.001,平均值为-0.029;在硅质岩沉积环境判别图上,样品落在大陆边缘型硅质岩区域内,指示研究区硅质岩沉积于大陆边缘缺氧的水体环境。综合分析认为研究区早二叠世为大陆边缘滨海-浅海相沉积环境。 相似文献
8.
活性TiO2的制备与去除地下水中氟离子（F－)性能的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过静态和动态(柱)吸附实验,探讨了活性TiO2去除地下水中氟离子（F－）时活性TiO2的投加量、处理时间、酸度等影响因素。实验结果表明：在静态实验中,在50 mL,F-浓度为10 mg/L的地下水样中,加入0.3 g活性TiO2,处理15 min,F-的去除率可达90%以上,且处理前后水样的pH值不变。在动态实验中,0.3 g的活性TiO2和120 g砾石可使150 mL水样的除氟率达到90%以上。处理后均可达到饮用水的标准。 相似文献
9.
研究区位于大兴安岭兴安地块的东北部。本文主要讨论了碱长花岗岩和花岗斑岩两种岩石类型,并对其成岩年代、地球化学特征、成因及构造环境进行了深入讨论。研究结果显示：具有高SiO2、A12O3、TFeO/MgO,贫MgO、TiO2、P2O5等特征;A/NK-A/CNK和w（K2O）-w（SiO2）图解显示,样品主要为过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩石。并且（Na2O+K2O）/CaO-w（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）、TFeO/MgO-w（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）图解和锆石饱和温度都显示,研究区花岗岩类岩石具有高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究获得128~124 Ma的岩体侵位年龄,其形成的大地构造背景为蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋消亡之后,陆陆碰撞造山演化晚期地壳伸展背景,岩浆起源于壳内火成岩源岩的部分熔融。 相似文献
10.
皖北新元古代刘老碑组页岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
从安徽北部新元古代刘老碑组页(泥)岩中采集了11个样品。地球化学分析表明,研究区南部的淮南和凤阳页岩样品SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、K2O、TFeO和CaO含量分别为55.28%、0.87%、15.60%、2.99%、4.01%和5.83%,接近页岩平均值,只是CaO含量稍高。北部宿县地区页岩样品SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、K2O、TFeO和CaO含量分别为57.01%、1.82%、20.97%、4.85%、3.31%和0.57%,与南部地区相比,TiO2和K2O含量显著偏高,是其2.1倍和1.6倍。刘老碑组页岩REE总量平均为219×10-6,LREE富集,La/Yb为14.2(9.8～18.6),Eu负异常,Eu/Eu*为0.60(0.54～0.63),但是北部页岩有更高的REE总量(295.8×10-6)和La/Yb比值(17.8)。微量元素分析表明,北部页岩中Sc、V、Zr、Nb和Th较高,南部Co和Pb较高。但是南部和北部却有比较一致的La/Sc(2.29±0.15)、Th/Sc(0.69±0.06)和La/Th(3.29±0.20)比值。La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10判别图清楚地表明,刘老碑组页岩形成于大陆岛弧构造环境,岛弧可能位于研究区的南部边缘。北部页岩明显偏高的TiO2和Al2O3含量以及化学风化指数(CIW)表明北部沉积物的源区经历了更强烈的风化作用。 相似文献
11.
近几年来,碱卤化合物类和碱土金属氟化物类色心激光晶体研究发展很快。色心晶体的研制促进了可调谐色心激光的飞跃发展,它已成为可调谐激光晶体中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
12.
Anders Lindh 《Lithos》1972,5(4):325-343
Phase relations in the system FeO---Fe2O3---TiO2, at temperatures ranging between 300°C and 700°C, have been investigated experimentally with special refference to the reaction Fe3O4 + TiO2 = Fe2O3 + FeTiO3. Pressure was varied between 500 and 2000 bars but its effect was negligible. Magnetite and rutile are the stable assemblage at temperatures above 550 dgC, and hematite and ilmenite are stable for lower temperatures. The equilibrium oxygen fugacity is estimated to be 10−17.5 bars at equilibrium temperature. It is suggested that intermediate hematite-ilmenite solid solutions are inhomogeneous, consisting of ‘domains’ of hematite and ilmenite. The ‘domains’ are too small to be resolved by X-ray diffraction techniques. The top of the solvus curve in the hematite-ilmenite solution corresponds to a temperature of 660°C. Regular solution theory is not applicable to the solid solution. 相似文献
13.
This paper gives several new and strong arguments in favour of the possibility of fixation of anhydrous lithium in the interlayer space of trioctahedral potassium micas. From the chemical viewpoint Li+ can replace K+, but is located out of the alkaline cation site; it enters pseudo-octahedral cavities limited by the triangular bases of two aluminous tetrahedra of two consecutive sheets. The solubility limit of Li+ in the interlayer is a function of the AlIV content of the mica. It is given by the relation (Li/Li + K)max = 2[(Al/Si + Al)IV]2. In both micas investigated — phlogopite, KMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2, and eastonite, K(Mg2.5Al1.5)(Si2.5Al1.5)O10(OH)2 — there is a remarkable agreement between the calculated values of the solubility limits and those measured by exchange reactions with hydrothermal solutions, at 600°C, 2 kbar. In high-Al micas, the interlayer Li content can be very important, with about one-third of K+ replaced by Li+.
The fixation of Li+ according to this model provokes a strong flattening of the interlayer (strong decrease of the reticular distance d005) and a slight increase of the reticular distance d060. Infra-red (IR) absorption spectrometry shows that vacant K+ sites are created when Li+ enters the interlayer; one observes low-frequency OH stretching bands attributed to OH dipoles lying towards these empty sites. Fixation of Li+ does not provoke any modification of the IR spectra in the region 1200-300 cm−1, indicating that Li+ is really out of the sheet. For both cell dimensions and IR spectra, a comparison is made with “ordinary” lepidolites, having Li+ in the octahedral sheet; it provides a guide for the distinction between the two species of Li-bearing micas. 相似文献
14.
对东海陆架西湖凹陷区SFK-1孔的岩性、粒度、常量元素以及测年数据的综合分析表明:元素地球化学信息对于地层的划分有良好的指示意义。 SFK-1孔沉积物常量元素质量分数平均值分别为SiO2 65.35%、Al2O3 12.12%、FeO 1.75%、CaO 3.88%、MgO 2.04%、K2O 2.63%、 Na2O 2.04%、 TiO2 0.66%、 P2O5 0.12%、 MnO 0.065%、TFe2O3 4.74%、CaCO3 5.38%,标准差系数较小,反映SFK-1孔常量元素离散程度较小。SFK-1孔沉积物CaCO3/TiO2、CaO/TiO2和P2O5/TiO2反映了化学风化程度的强弱;TiO2/Al2O3可以作为古水流能量的指标,反映当时河流水动力条件的影响强度;而SiO2/TiO2、Na2O/TiO2可以用来反映沉积水动力的强度。依据常量元素质量分数垂直变化特征划分的8个层段分别与沉积物粒度、气候变化地层划分界线吻合。研究区自91 ka BP以来沉积环境经历了剧烈变化,它们分别反映了末次间冰期( 暖期) 晚期以来东海陆架区沉积环境的变化。 相似文献
15.
Javiera Cervini-Silva Benjamin Gilbert Sirine Fakra Stephan Friedlich Jillian Banfield 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(10):2454-2464
Highly insoluble Ce-bearing phosphate minerals form by weathering of apatite [Ca5(PO4)3.(OH,F,Cl)], and are important phosphorous repositories in soils. Although these phases can be dissolved via biologically-mediated pathways, the dissolution mechanisms are poorly understood. In this paper we report spectroscopic evidence to support coupling of redox transformations of organic carbon and cerium during the reaction of rhabdophane (CePO4·H2O) and catechol, a ubiquitous biogenic compound, at pH 5. Results show that the oxic–anoxic conditions influence the mineral dissolution behavior. Under anoxic conditions, the release of P and Ce occurs stoichiometrically. In contrast, under oxic conditions, the mineral dissolution behavior is incongruent, with dissolving Ce3+ ions oxidizing to CeO2. Reaction product analysis shows the formation of CO2, polymeric C, and oxalate and malate. The presence of more complex forms of organic carbon was also confirmed. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements at Ce-M4,5 and C-K absorption edges on reacted CePO4·H2O samples in the absence or presence of catechol and dissolved oxygen confirm that (1) the mineral surface converts to the oxide during this reaction, while full oxidation is limited to the near-surface region only; (2) the Ce valence remains unchanged when the reaction between CePO4·H2O and O2 but in the absence of catechol. Carbon K-edge spectra acquired from rhabdophane reacted with catechol under oxic conditions show spectral features before and after reaction that are considerably different from catechol, indicating the formation of more complex organic molecules. Decreases in intensity of characteristic catechol peaks are accompanied by the appearance of new π* resonances due to carbon in carboxyl (ca. 288.5 eV) and carbonyl (ca. 289.3 eV) groups, and the development of broad structure in the σ* region characteristic of aliphatic carbon. Evolution of the C K-edge spectra is consistent with aromatic-ring cleavage and polymerization. These results further substantiate that the presence of catechol, O2 (aq) causes both the oxidation of structural Ce3+ and the transformation of catechol to more complex organic molecules. Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy measurements at the C K and Ce M4,5 edges indicate three dominant organic species, varying in complexity and association with the inorganic phase. Untransformed catechol is loosely associated with CeO2, whereas more complex organic molecules that exhibit lower aromaticity and stronger CO π* resonances of carboxyl-C and carbonyl-C groups are only found in association with the grains. These results further serve as basis to postulate that, in the presence of O2, CeO2 can mediate the oxidative polymerization of catechol to form higher molecular weight polymers. The present work provides evidence for a pathway of biologically-induced, non-enzymatic oxidation of cerium and formation of small CeO2 particles at room temperature. These findings may have implications for carbon cycling in natural and cerium-contaminated soils and aqueous environments. 相似文献
16.
为探索河口海岸地区水流和盐度共同作用对黏性泥沙絮凝沉降的影响,以泥沙浓度和絮团粒径为参数,采用自制的同轴旋转双筒产生运动水流和外加电解质的方法,研究6个水流强度（0 s-1、1.38 s-1、2.54 s-1、4.67 s-1、7.19 s-1、13.2 s-1和20.3 s-1）和3种电解质（NaCl、CaCl2、AlCl3）作用下的黏性泥沙絮凝沉降过程。试验结果表明:① 水流对黏性泥沙絮凝沉降的影响与其强度相关。低强度水流（水流强度小于4.67 s-1）表现为初期促进、中后期阻碍的规律;高强度水流则由于强水流剪切力和自上而下的紊动掺混作用始终起阻碍作用。② 电解质的存在将分别增强和减弱高、低强度水流所起作用;相同浓度下,当阳离子化合价从+1价变成+3价时,水流的影响作用更明显,尤其体现在稳定段。 相似文献
17.
Yao-Hui Jiang Shao-Yong Jiang Hong-Fei Ling Xun-Ruo Zhou Xing-Jian Rui Wan-Zhi Yang 《Lithos》2002,63(3-4):165-187
A series of granitoids from Proterozoic to Cenozoic age occurred in the western Kunlun orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China. Several intrusions such as the West Datong (Middle Caledonian age), North Kuda (Late Caledonian age) and Kuzigan, Karibasheng, Zankan (Himalayan age) plutons have shoshonitic affinity. Their rock assemblages include (quartz) monzodiorite–(quartz) monzonite–quartz syenite (Middle Caledonian) or monzonitic granite–granite (Late Caledonian) or biotite (monzonitic) granite–diopside granite–diopside syenite (Himalayan). Generally, biotite is iron–phlogopite, with some eastonite and high Mg/(Mg+FeT) and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio. Amphibole is mainly edenitic hornblende and magnesian hastingsitic hornblende, with some edenite and higher Mg/(Mg+FeT) and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio. The rocks show SiO2 contents of 52.77–71.85% and high K2O+Na2O (mostly >8%, average 9.14%), K2O/Na2O (mostly >1, average 1.50) and Fe2O3/FeO (0.85–1.51, average 1.01) and low TiO2 contents (0.15–1.12%, average 0.57%). Al2O3 contents (13.01–19.20%) are high but variable. The granitoids are prominently enriched in LILE, LREE and volatiles such as F. However, the studied shoshonitic granitoids among the three intrusive periods also show differences in isotopic compositions and trace element concentrations, suggesting their different geneses: the origin of the West Datong pluton is probably related to the involvement of subducted oceanic crust sediments into the mantle source; the North Kuda and Himalayan plutons could have been generated by partial melting of subducted oceanic crust sediments or metasediments of thickened continental lower crust in the process of late-orogenic slab break-off or lithospheric thinning. 相似文献
18.
The nature of the sub-continental mantle: constraints from the major-element composition of continental flood basalts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many continental flood basalts (CFB) have isotope and trace-element signatures that differ from those of oceanic basalts and much interest concerns the extent to which these reflect differences in their upper mantle source regions. A review of selected data sets from the Mesozoic and Tertiary CFB confirms significant differences in their major- and trace-element compositions compared with those of basalts erupted through oceanic lithosphere. In general, those CFB suites characterised by low Nb/La, high (87Sr/86Sr)i and low εNdi tend to exhibit relatively low TiO2, CaO/Al2O3, Na2O and/or Fe2O3, and relatively high SiO2. In contrast, those which have high Nb/La, low (87Sr/86Sr)i and high εNdi ratios, like the upper units in the Deccan Traps, have major- and trace-element compositions similar to oceanic basalts. It would appear that those CFB that have distinctive isotope and trace-element ratios also exhibit distinctive major-element contents, suggesting that major and trace elements have not been decoupled significantly during magma generation and differentiation.
When compared (at 8% MgO) with oceanic basalt trends, the displacement of many CFB to lower Na2O, Fe2O3*, TiO2 and CaO/Al2O3, but higher SiO2, at similar Mg#, is not readily explicable by crustal contamination. Rather, it reflects source composition and/or the effects of the melting processes. The model compositions of melts produced by decompression of mantle plumes beneath continental lithosphere have relatively low SiO2 and high Fe2O3*. In contrast, the available experimental data indicate that partial melts of peridotite have low TiO2, Na2O and Fe2O3*CaO/Al2O3, if the peridotite has been previously depleted by melt extraction. Moreover, melting of hydrated, depleted peridotite yields SiO2-rich, Fe2O3- and CaO-poor melts. Since anhydrous, depleted peridotite has a high-temperature solidus, it is argued that the source of these CFB was variably melt depleted and hydrated mantle, inferred to be within the lithosphere. Isotope data suggest these source regions were often old and relatively enriched in incompatible trace elements, and it is envisaged that H2O±CO2 were added at the same time as the incompatible elements. An implication is that a significant proportion of the new continental crust generated since the Permian reflected multistage processes involving mobilization of continental mantle lithosphere that was enriched in minor and trace elements during the Proterozoic. 相似文献
19.
20.
松湖铁矿位于新疆阿吾拉勒成矿带中段, 其成矿作用经历了2期6个阶段: 硫化物-钾长石阶段、赤铁矿-方解石-绿泥石阶段、磁铁矿-绿泥石-钾长石阶段(称为早阶段铁矿化)、磁铁矿-硫化物阶段(称为晚阶段铁矿化)、方解石-黄铜矿阶段及表生期.为了分析其成分特征及其成因, 使用磁铁矿电子探针分析, 结果显示: 早阶段磁铁矿FeOT含量高, TiO2、Al2O3、MgO、MnO等含量均较低, 与接触交代矿床成分特征相似, 加之SiO2含量较高, 暗示其形成与酸性岩浆热液密切相关; 晚阶段为主成矿阶段, 广泛作用于早阶段矿石之上, 磁铁矿FeOT含量相对较低, TiO2、MnO、V2O3、MgO、Al2O3等含量高于早阶段磁铁矿, 显示为热液成因.综合矿床地质特征, 认为晚阶段磁铁矿形成于岩浆活动晚期或间歇期, 含矿热液中有海水的加入. 相似文献