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通过对江苏地区及南黄海海域历史地震资料特点分析，将研究区历史地震类型分为相对安全类和相对危险类，并对地震类型的统计结果、地理分布特征及构造进行探讨. 结果表明:① 江苏及南黄海地区绝大多数中强以上历史地震类型为相对安全类，仅有13.8%的中强以上历史地震为相对危险类；② 江苏陆地、长江口以东海域和南黄海北部坳陷地区以相对安全类地震为主，苏中沿海南黄海海域地震类型分布较为复杂，相对安全类和相对危险类地震类型比例基本相当；③ 研究区历史地震类型统计结果和空间分布特征与现代地震序列类型实况非常吻合，反映本区地震活动具有继承性的特点.研究结果可以作为江苏省地震应急工作中震后早期趋势判定的参考依据. 相似文献
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根据安徽省历史地震(294~1969年,M≥4)和现代地震(1970~2013年,MS≥3.5)资料的统计结果,通过估计历史地震序列类型,将安徽地震类型划分为"相对安全类"和"相对危险类"。结果表明:安徽省历史地震类型的统计结果和空间分布特征与现代地震序列类型大致吻合,绝大多数中强历史地震属"相对安全类",而"相对危险类"的历史地震主要分布在霍山地区、皖东北地区和宿北地区。安徽地区内的地震活动具有较高的继承性,研究结果可为该区域震后地震趋势的快速判定提供参考。 相似文献
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地震序列类型,地震序列b值与地震大形势关系初探 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
根据最大地震与次大地震震级差将地震序列划分为孤立型,主余型,双震型和多震型４种。通过我国大陆１４３个序列划分结果,孤立型占１４％,主余型占５９％,双震型占１３％,多震型占１４％,地震序列ｂ值与主震震级和序列类型有关,在类型要同的情况下主震震级越大序列ｂ值越高,在主震震级相近的序列中孤立型序列ｂ值最小,主余型和双震型居中且差别不大,多震型ｂ值在７级和６级地震序列中最大的,根据实验结果探讨了序列ｂ值变 相似文献
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自然类比法在地震序列分类及震后趋势早期判别中的应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
从震后趋势判断的实际需要出发，提出了一种地震序列类型划分的新方法，即根据强余震次数将序列划分为无强余震型、强余震较少型、强余震较多型、强余震极多型四种类型。为了实现早期判别的目标，采用地震后３天的资料用自然类比法对地震序列类型和震后趋势作判断。将新发生的序列前３天应变能释放分布情况和频度分布情况与以前发生的序列逐一加以比较，用柯尔莫哥洛夫－斯米尔诺夫检验找出与之最相似的一、二个序列，用已知序列的类 相似文献
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对1980年以来青海及邻区(31°～40°N, 88°～104°E)中强震序列类型判定标准及序列参数特征进行了分析和研究。根据青海及邻区中强地震序列的特征,将地震序列划分为孤立型、主震—余震型和多震型。参数研究结果表明,ρ值基本上对中强以上地震序列类型判别无贡献;b值和h值的共同特点是:孤立型主震—余震型多震型;孤立型地震序列的U值、F值和k值结果为0或者趋近于0,且这3个参数的均值都具孤立型主震—余震型多震型的特征;k值对地震类型判别有较好的区分度,孤立型地震序列k值近似于零,主震—余震型地震序列k值≤0.2,而多震型地震序列k值0.2。这些可作为划分地震序列类型的判别指标。 相似文献
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活断层工作方法在中早期历史地震研究中的作用 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
中国地震历史资料丰富，是世界历史文化宝库中的重要组成部分。长期以来，在中国国民经济建设及世界地震科学研究中发挥了并将继续发挥巨大作用。我们同时也应当清醒地看到，我国的地震历史记载并不完备，如：历史地震资料在空间上和时间上分布的不平衡；历史地震震级问题需要进一步深入研究；有相当一部分地震有史料记载，但无法编入“中国强震目录”等。针对这些问题，中国史料地震学需要进一步开拓和发展。本文以两个应用实例说明把活断层工作方法及现代年代学方法引入早期疑难或缺失的历史地震研究中是必要的和可能的。 相似文献
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用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究自贡地区矿井注水与地震活动性之间的关系,按地震活动规律将注水区ML1.2以上历史地震活动划分为3个阶段,采用POWELL法反演了各阶段ETAS模型参数。结果表明,不存在注水的第1、2阶段背景地震比例约40%～50%,单个地震序列中余震较少。而在注水的第3阶段,由地震自激产生的余震比例较高(93.1%),而背景地震仅占6.9%,比第1、2阶段都要少,这一结果与已有的认识相矛盾。为此,提出单位时间背景地震的发生率,即ETAS模型参数中的μ值,作为判断注水触发地震的依据。计算结果表明,与前两个阶段相比,第3阶段的确拥有最大的μ值,说明注水对该区地震触发有明显影响。 相似文献
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祁连山强震构造带分段及其地震危险性评估 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
祁连山强震构造带由祁连山北缘断裂和海原断裂组成。断裂带主要表现为压扭性左旋滑动，最大滑动速率达９ｍｍ／ａ。沿带有一系列的古地震事件，且有多次历史地震发生。海原８．６级地震就发生在该带上。根据该带的断裂活动习性，按照一定的原则和依据划分成３个一级断层段和１７个二级断层段。建立了古地震、历史大震图像识别和地震重现间隔二元分析的数学模型。在此基础之上对该带作了地震危险性别定，划分出３个Ａ类危险段和４个Ｂ类危险段 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献