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1.
A novel smart control system based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. The system is comprised of three parts: the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor‐based sensing network for structural health monitoring, the GA‐based location optimizer for sensor arrangement, and the GA‐based controller for vibration mitigation under external excitation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an eight‐story steel structure was designed specifically to represent a structure with large degrees of freedom. In total 16 FBG sensors were deployed on the structure to implement the concept of a reliable sensing network, and to allow the structure to be monitored precisely under any loading. The advantage of applying a large amount of information from the sensing system is proven theoretically by the GA‐based location optimizer. This result greatly supports the recent tendency of distributing sensors around the structure. Two intuitive GA‐based controllers are then proposed and demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the structure can be controlled more effectively by the proposed GA‐strain controller than by the GA‐acceleration controller, which represents the traditional control method. A shaking table test was carried out to examine the entire system. Experimental verification has demonstrated the feasibility of using this system in practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2.
In most of the research work on structural vibration control only two‐dimensional plane structural modelling has been considered, although only a few practical building structures can be modelled as planar structures. Therefore, these methods are not directly applicable to the majority of the practical building structures. This paper discusses the design of a multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller (FLC) driven hybrid mass damper (HMD) system for seismically excited torsionally coupled building structures. Floor acceleration and velocity information have been used as feedback to the fuzzy logic controller. A three branch tournament Genetic Algorithm has been used for the multiobjective optimal design of the FLC driven HMD system, where the minimization of the non‐dimensionalized peak displacement, acceleration and rotation of the structure about its vertical axis, have been as the three objective functions. The proposed multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller has been verified for an example problem reported in the literature. This HMD system consists of four HMDs arranged in such a way that the system can control the torsional mode of vibration effectively in addition to the flexure modes of vibration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
Conventional shake tables employ linear controllers such as proportional‐integral‐derivative or loop shaping to regulate the movement. However, it is difficult to tune a linear controller to achieve accurate and robust tracking of different reference signals under payloads. The challenges are mainly due to the nonlinearity in hydraulic actuator dynamics and specimen behavior. Moreover, tracking a high‐frequency reference signal using a linear controller tends to cause actuator saturation and instability. In this paper, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed to develop a high‐performance shake table. A unidirectional shake table is constructed at the University of British Columbia to implement and evaluate the proposed control framework, which consists of a high‐level controller and one or multiple low‐level controller(s). The high‐level controller utilizes the sliding mode control (SMC) technique to provide robustness to compensate for model nonlinearity and uncertainties experienced in experimental tests. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with a state‐of‐the‐art loop‐shaping displacement‐based controller. The experimental results show that the proposed hierarchical shake table control system with SMC can provide superior displacement, velocity and acceleration tracking performance and improved robustness against modeling uncertainty and nonlinearities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
Generally, the active structural control system belongs to the discrete‐time control system, and the sampling period is one of the most important factors that would directly affect the performance of the control system. In this paper, active control approaches by using the discrete‐time variable structure control theory are studied for reducing the dynamic responses of seismically excited building structures. Based on the discrete reaching law method, a feedback controller which includes the sampling period is presented. The controller is extended by introducing the saturated control method to avoid the adverse effect when the actuators are saturated due to unexpected extreme earthquakes. The simulation results are obtained for a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system and a MDOF shear building equipped with active brace system (ABS) under seismic excitations. It is found that the discrete variable structure control approach and its saturated control method presented in this paper are quite effective. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
A computational algorithm for maximizing the control efficiency in actively controlling the elastic structural responses during earthquake is proposed. Study of optimal linear control using a single degree of freedom shows that applying active control is very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses for long‐period structures, but at the same time it has an adverse effect in increasing the absolute acceleration response. The extent of this adverse effect reduces the effectiveness of the control system, and therefore it poses a limit on the maximum control force in order to provide maximum control efficiency. In view of this shortcoming, maximum control energy dissipation is used to define the most effective optimal linear control law. Less displacement and velocity response are expected as larger control force is applied, but there is always a limit that maximum control energy can be dissipated. This study shows that this limit depends on the structural characteristics as well as the input ground motion, and a general trend is that the maximum control energy decreases as damping increases. Finally, application of the proposed algorithm on a six‐storey hospital building is presented to show the effectiveness of using optimal linear control on a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system from the control energy perspectives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
Long-period pulses in near-field earthquakes lead to large displacements in the base of isolated structures.To dissipate energy in isolated structures using semi-active control,piezoelectric friction dampers(PFD) can be employed.The performance of a PFD is highly dependent on the strategy applied to adjust its contact force.In this paper,the seismic control of a benchmark isolated building equipped with PFD using PD/PID controllers is developed.Using genetic algorithms,these controllers are optimized to create a balance between the performance and robustness of the closed-loop structural system.One advantage of this technique is that the controller forces can easily be estimated.In addition,the structure is equipped with only a single sensor at the base floor to measure the base displacement.Considering seven pairs of earthquakes and nine performance indices,the performance of the closed-loop system is evaluated.Then,the results are compared with those given by two well-known methods:the maximum possive operation of piezoelectric friction dampers and LQG controllers.The simulation results show that the proposed controllers perform better than the others in terms of simultaneous reduction of floor acceleration and maximum displacement of the isolator.Moreover,they are able to reduce the displacement of the isolator systems for different earthquakes without losing the advantages of isolation.  相似文献   

7.
Structural vibration control using active or passive control strategy is a viable technology for enhancing structural functionality and safety against natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high wind gusts. Both the active and passive control systems have their limitations. The passive control system has limited capability to control the structural response whereas the active control system depends on external power. The power requirement for active control of civil engineering structures is usually quite high. Thus, a hybrid control system is a viable solution to alleviate some of the limitations. In this paper a multi‐objective optimal design of a hybrid control system for seismically excited building structures has been proposed. A tuned mass damper (TMD) and an active mass driver (AMD) have been used as the passive and active control components of the hybrid control system, respectively. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been used to drive the AMD as the FLC has inherent robustness and ability to handle the non‐linearities and uncertainties. The genetic algorithm has been used for the optimization of the control system. Peak acceleration and displacement responses non‐dimensionalized with respect to the uncontrolled peak acceleration and displacement responses, respectively, have been used as the two objectives of the multi‐objective optimization problem. The proposed design approach for an optimum hybrid mass damper (HMD) system, driven by FLC has been demonstrated with the help of a numerical example. It is shown that the optimum values of the design parameters of the hybrid control system can be determined without specifying the modes to be controlled. The proposed FLC driven HMD has been found to be very effective for vibration control of seismically excited buildings in comparison with the available results for the same example structure but with a different optimal absorber. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
This study proposes a new design method for an active mass damper (AMD) that is based on auto‐regressive exogenous models of a building structure. The proposed method uses the results of system identification in the field of active structural control. The uncontrolled structure is identified as auto‐regressive exogenous models via measurements under earthquake excitation and forced vibration. These models are linked with an equation of motion for the AMD to introduce a state equation and output equation for the AMD–structure interaction system in the discrete‐time space; the equations apply modern control theories to the AMD design. In the numerical applications of a 10‐degree‐of‐freedom building structure, linear quadratic regulator control is used to understand the fundamental characteristics of the proposed design procedure. The feedback control law requires the AMD's acceleration, velocity and stroke; the structure's acceleration; and the ground acceleration as vibration measurements. The numerical examples confirm the high applicability and control effectiveness of the proposed method. One remarkable advantage of the proposed method is that an equation of motion for the structure becomes unnecessary for designing controllers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
This paper proposes a semiactive control system to reduce the coupled lateral and torsional motions in asymmetric buildings subjected to horizontal seismic excitations. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are applied as semiactive control devices and the control input determination is based on a clipped‐optimal control algorithm which uses absolute acceleration feedback. The performance of this method is studied experimentally using a 2‐story building model with an asymmetric stiffness distribution. An automated system identification methodology is implemented to develop a control‐oriented model which has the natural frequencies observed in the experimental system. The parameters for the MR damper model are identified using experimental data to develop an integrated model of the structure and MR dampers. To demonstrate the performance of this control system on the experimental structure, a shake table is used to reproduce an El Centro 1940 N–S earthquake as well as a random white noise excitation. The responses for the proposed control system are compared to those of passive control cases in which a constant voltage is applied to the MR damper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
Floor isolation is an alternative to base isolation for protecting a specific group of equipment installed on a single floor or room in a fixed‐base structure. The acceleration of the isolated floor should be mitigated to protect the equipment, and the displacement needs to be suppressed, especially under long‐period motions, to save more space for the floor to place equipment. To design floor isolation systems that reduce acceleration and displacement for both short‐period and long‐period motions, semi‐active control with a newly proposed method using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control with frequency‐dependent scheduled gain (LQRSG) is adopted. The LQRSG method is developed to account for the frequency characteristics of the input motion. It updates the control gain calculated by the LQR control based on the relationship between the control gain and dominant frequency of the input motion. The dominant frequency is detected in real time using a window method. To verify the effectiveness of the LQRSG method, a series of shake table tests is performed for a semi‐active floor isolation system with rolling pendulum isolators and a magnetic‐rheological damper. The test results show that the LQRSG method is significantly more effective than the LQR control over a range of short‐period and long‐period motions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
A fuzzy‐logic control algorithm, based on the fuzzification of the MR damper characteristics, is presented for the semiactive control of building frames under seismic excitation. The MR damper characteristics are represented by force–velocity and force–displacement curves obtained from the sinusoidal actuation test. The method does not require any analytical model of MR damper characteristics, such as the Bouc‐Wen model, to be incorporated into the control algorithm. The control algorithm has a feedback structure and is implemented by using the fuzzy‐logic and Simulink toolboxes of MATLAB. The performance of the algorithm is studied by using it to control the responses of two example buildings taken from the literature—a three‐storey building frame, in which controlled responses are obtained by clipped‐optimal control and a ten‐storey building frame. The results indicate that the proposed scheme provides nearly the same percentage reduction of responses as that obtained by the clipped‐optimal control with much less control force and much less command voltage. Position of the damper is found to significantly affect the controlled responses of the structure. It is observed that any increase in the damper capacity beyond a saturation level does not improve the performance of the controller. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
The neuro‐controller training algorithm based on cost function is applied to a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system; and a sensitivity evaluation algorithm replacing the emulator neural network is proposed. In conventional methods, the emulator neural network is used to evaluate the sensitivity of structural response to the control signal. To use the emulator, it should be trained to predict the dynamic response of the structure. Much of the time is usually spent on training of the emulator. In the proposed algorithm, however, it takes only one sampling time to obtain the sensitivity. Therefore, training time for the emulator is eliminated. As a result, only one neural network is used for the neuro‐control system. In the numerical example, the three‐storey building structure with linear and non‐linear stiffness is controlled by the trained neural network. The actuator dynamics and control time delay are considered in the simulation. Numerical examples show that the proposed control algorithm is valid in structural control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
Vibration mitigation using smart, reliable and cost‐effective mechanisms that requires small activation power is the primary objective of this paper. A semi‐active controller‐based neural network for base‐isolation structure equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is presented and evaluated. An inverse neural network model (INV‐MR) is constructed to replicate the inverse dynamics of the MR damper. Next, linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed to produce the optimal control force. Thereafter, the LQG controller and the INV‐MR models are linked to control the structure. The coupled LQG and INV‐MR system was used to train a semi‐active neuro‐controller, designated as SA‐NC, which produces the necessary control voltage that actuates the MR damper. To evaluate the proposed method, the SA‐NC is compared to passive lead–rubber bearing isolation systems (LRBs). Results revealed that the SA‐NC was quite effective in seismic response reduction for wide range of motions from moderate to severe seismic events compared to the passive systems. In addition, the semi‐active MR damper enjoys many desirable features, such as its inherent stability, practicality and small power requirements. The effectiveness of the SA‐NC is illustrated and verified using simulated response of a six‐degree‐of‐freedom model of a base‐isolated building excited by several historical earthquake records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
Experimental verifications of a recently developed active structural control method using neural networks are presented in this paper. The experiments were performed on the earthquake simulator at the University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign. The test specimen was a 1/4 scale model of a three-storey building. The control system consisted of a tendon/pulley system controlled by a single hydraulic actuator at the base. The control mechanism was implemented through four active pre-tensioned tendons connected to the hydraulic actuator at the first floor. The structure modelling and system identification has been presented in a companion paper. (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 28 , 995–1018 (1999)). This paper presents the controller design and implementation. Three controllers were developed and designed: two neurocontrollers, one with a single sensor feedback and the other with three sensor feedback, and one optimal controller with acceleration feedback. The experimental design of the neurocontrollers is accomplished in three steps: system identification, multiple emulator neural networks training and finally the neurocontrollers training with the aid of multiple emulator neural networks. The effectiveness of both neurocontrollers are demonstrated from experimental results. The robustness and the relative stability are presented and discussed. The experimental results of the optimal controller performance is presented and assessed. Comparison between the optimal controller and neurocontrollers is presented and discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
Based on the genetic algorithms (GAs), a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) method for the building structure is designed in this research. When a fuzzy logic control method is used for a structural system, it is hard to get proper control rules directly, and to guarantee the stability and robustness of the fuzzy control system. Generally, the fuzzy controller combined with sliding mode control is applied, but there is still no criterion to reach an optimal design of the FSMC. In this paper, therefore, we design a fuzzy sliding mode controller for the building structure control system as an optimization problem and apply the optimal searching algorithms and GAs to find the optimal rules and membership functions of the FSMC. The proposed approach has the merit to determine the optimal structure and the inference rules of fuzzy sliding mode controller simultaneously. It is found that the building structure under the proposed control method could sustain in safety and stability when the system is subjected to external disturbances. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
The Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolator is commonly used as a base isolation system in buildings. In this paper, a new tunable FPS (TFPS) isolator is proposed and developed to act as a semi‐active control system by combining the traditional FPS and semi‐active control concept. Theoretical analysis and physical tests were carried out to investigate the behavior of the proposed TFPS isolator. The experimental and theoretical results were in good agreement, both suggesting that the friction force of the TFPS isolator can be tuned to achieve seismic isolation of the structure. A series of numerical simulations of a base‐isolated structure equipped with the proposed TFPS isolator and subjected to earthquake ground motions were also conducted. In the analyses, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method was adopted to control the friction force of the proposed TFPS, and the applicability and effectiveness of the TFPS in controlling the structure's seismic responses were investigated. The simulation results showed that the TFPS can reduce the displacement of the isolation layer without significantly increasing the floor acceleration and inter‐story displacement of the superstructure, confirming that the TFPS can effectively control a base‐isolated structure under earthquake ground motions.  相似文献   

17.
地震作用下参数不确定系统的变结构控制   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
本文对结构参数具有有确定性的变结构控制系统设计方法进行了研究。首先采用摄动方法给出了结构参数具有确定性的控制系统的运动方程,证明了基于层间剪切模型的参数不确定受控系统与其标称系统具有相同的滑动模态,从而解决了系统切换函数的确定问题,并利用到达条件推导了控制律的表示式。算例分析结果表明,本文的控制方法能有效地减小结构的地震响应,对于结构系统建模存在误差或系统本身存在学确定性的情况,控制效果仍十分显著  相似文献   

18.
Recent studies have indicated uncertainty about the performance limit states of seismically isolated buildings in very large earthquakes, especially if the isolator displacement demands exceed the seismic gap and induce pounding. Previous research has shown the benefit of providing phased supplemental damping that does not affect the isolation system response in a design event. A phased passive control device, or gap damper, was designed, fabricated, and experimentally evaluated during shake table testing of a quarter scale base‐isolated three‐story steel frame building. Identical input motions were applied to system configurations without a gap damper and with a gap damper, to directly assess the influence of the gap damper on displacement and acceleration demands. The gap damper was observed to reduce displacement demands by up to 15% relative to the isolated system without the gap damper. Superstructure floor accelerations increased substantially because of damper activation, but were limited to a peak of about 1.18 g. The gap damper reduces displacement most effectively if the ground motion contains one or more of the following characteristics: the spectral displacement increases with increasing period near the effective period of the isolation system, the motion is dominated by a single large pulse rather than multiple cycles at a consistent intensity, and the motion has a dominant component aligned with a major axis of the structure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Shake tables provide a direct means by which to evaluate structural performance under earthquake excitation. Because the entire structure is mounted on the base plate and subjected to the ground motion in real time, dynamic effects and rate‐dependent behavior can be accurately represented. Shake table control is not straightforward as the desired signal is an acceleration record, while most actuators operate in displacement feedback for stability. At the same time, the payload is typically large relative to the capacity of the actuator, leading to pronounced control‐structure interaction. Through this interaction, the dynamics of the specimen influence the dynamics of the shake table, which can be problematic when specimens change behavior because of damage or other nonlinearities. Moreover, shake tables are themselves inherently nonlinear, making it difficult to accurately recreate a desired acceleration record over a broad range of amplitudes and frequencies. A model‐based multi‐metric shake table control strategy is proposed to improve tracking of the desired acceleration of a uniaxial shake table, remaining robust to nonlinearities including changes in specimen condition. The proposed strategy is verified for the shake table testing of both linear and nonlinear structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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