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1.
Bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus compounds to typical harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bangqin Huang Linjian Ou Huasheng Hong Haiwei Luo Dazhi Wang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):838
The bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds to harmful alga Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and its alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were studied. Results showed that P. donghaiense could utilize the test DOP compounds such as glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to sustain its growth. Nutrition between the test DOP compounds and orthophosphate was comparable. P. donghaiense could utilize intracellular phosphorus to sustain growth under depletion of dissolved phosphorus. Variation of APA in different test DOP compounds was addressed; the controlling mechanism of APA in different DOP media was discussed. 相似文献
2.
Bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus compounds to typical harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds to harmful alga Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and its alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were studied. Results showed that P. donghaiense could utilize the test DOP compounds such as glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to sustain its growth. Nutrition between the test DOP compounds and orthophosphate was comparable. P. donghaiense could utilize intracellular phosphorus to sustain growth under depletion of dissolved phosphorus. Variation of APA in different test DOP compounds was addressed; the controlling mechanism of APA in different DOP media was discussed. 相似文献
3.
太湖梅梁湾中碱性磷酸酶的活性及其与藻类生长的关系 总被引：34，自引：12，他引：22
通过对1998年5月-1999年5月的太湖梅梁湾水体中碱性磷酸酶活性及其它水化学因子的同步实地监测,初步探讨了富营养化较严重的太湖梅梁湾湖区的碱性磷酸酶活性的时空变化规律及其与藻类水华的相关性.研究表明,水体中各种形态磷之间的转化非常快.在磷的循环、转化过程中,碱性磷酸酶的作用至关重要.太湖梅梁湾各采样点水体中碱性磷酸酶的最大反应速率(Vmax)的年际变化有着显著的规律性,各点位在春季(3-4月)及夏季(7-8月)均分别出现峰值,与水体中水华出现的峰值相吻合.尤其在水体中水华暴发前的4月份,各采样点中的碱性磷酸酶的活性急剧增加,其Vmax均为年内的最大值或接近最大值,预示着水体中其它形态磷的转化速率加快,为水华的形成提供了充足的活性磷.水体中特异性碱性磷酸酶活性(总碱性磷酸酶活性/Chl.a)与水体中的PO43-存在着较好的负相关.尤其是在春季相关性更加显著,可达-0.9以上;夏季太湖梅梁湾水华暴发时,水体中的磷酸盐浓度远低于碱性磷酸酶的激发阈值,藻类体中的酶被诱导大量产生,从而使得水体中碱性磷酸酶的数量、活性急剧增加,达到较高的水平.这种短时间的有机质快速降解以及由此导致的营养盐释放,维持了水体中藻类的生长. 相似文献
4.
The activities of particulate and soluble phosphatase were analyzed monthly for 1 year in the coastal ecosystems of the NW Mediterranean Sea. The mean contribution of the particulate activity increased from 56% at an MUF-P concentration of 30 μM to 77% at 0.04 μM. This particulate activity was negatively correlated with the DIP, DOP and TDP concentrations when the activities were related to the seawater volume, chlorophyll a or the protein concentration. The TDP correlations were highly significant (p: 0.001). The DOP correlations were significant (p: 0.04) and became highly significant (p: 0.009) at low DIP concentrations (<0.13 μM). The DIP correlations were significant (p: 0.04) only at low DOP concentrations (<0.18 μM). Thus, the effects of seawater DIP and DOP were found to be linked. The soluble activity exhibited distinct phosphatase fractions with high (0.5–29.5 μM) and low (0.02–2 μM) Km values, but none exhibited significant correlations with phosphorus compounds. 相似文献
5.
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Utilization of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus by Algae in Subtropical Coastal Waters 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and the availability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) to marine algae were determined in Xiamen Bay and in algal batch culture systems. Results showed that APA changed with seasons, increasing to the highest value in summer and decreasing to the lowest in autumn and spring in Xiamen Bay. Tests on natural populations of planktonic algae and bacteria community showed that algae were mostly responsible for DOP utilization, while bacteria could not take up DOP compounds. Results from algal batch cultures also supported the above conclusion. Relationships between APA and environmental factors indicated that APA was negatively correlated with phosphorus level such as phosphate and small molecular DOP, and APA played an important role in utilization of DOP by algae. All the results emphasized the ecological significance of DOP in subtropical coastal waters. 相似文献
6.
鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面磷的交换通量 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用扩散模型法与实验培养法对鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面间可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的界面交换过程进行研究,并探讨了其影响因素.结果表明,利用2种方法得到鄱阳湖各站点可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐在沉积物与水界面间的交换方向不完全相同,大部分站点沉积物是磷的源,其中,利用扩散模型法估算的可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐平均扩散通量分别为0.052和0.047 mg/(m~2·d),而实验培养法测得可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的平均交换通量则分别为0.25和0.24 mg/(m~2·d),且各站点利用扩散模型法测得磷的交换通量均小于实验培养法的计算结果.此外,上覆水溶解氧浓度及水体温度对可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换过程均具有一定的影响,表现为温度越高,溶解氧浓度越小,可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换越强烈. 相似文献
7.
Hyeon Ho Shin Koichiro Mizushima Jong Sick Park Mitsunori Iwataki Yang Ho Yoon 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1243-1258
Dinoflagellate cysts acquired from sediment cores were analyzed in order to reconstruct historical nutrient levels in Gamak Bay, Korea and Ariake Bay, Japan. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in Gamak Bay were characterized by high proportions of heterotrophic cysts such as Brigantedinium spp., Protoperidinium americanum and Polykrikos cysts, which suggested that nutrients levels may have already been high before 1970s, and then increased further to the hypertrophic conditions of the 1990s. In contrast, dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in Ariake Bay were characterized by high relative abundances of Lingulodinium machaerophorum and Spiniferites spp., which suggested that nutrient levels in Ariake Bay had increased gradually since the mid 1960s, and may have been significantly enhanced by the mid 1980s. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages reflecting environmental changes in the two bays are contrasting, perhaps due to different nutrient enrichment mechanisms. This suggests that the indicators of nutrient levels encoded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages may exhibit site-specific information. 相似文献
8.
9.
滇池入湖河流磷负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
研究了2013年滇池主要入湖河流总磷(TP)及各形态磷浓度的时空变化与入湖负荷特征,并探讨了不同形态磷的入湖负荷贡献.结果表明:(1)滇池河流入湖TP浓度在0.11~1.93 mg/L之间,以溶解性无机磷(DIP)和颗粒态磷(PP)为主,溶解性有机磷(DOP)浓度较低;(2)滇池河流入湖磷负荷总量为280.51 t/a,绝大多数河流主要以DIP形态入湖,平均贡献率为43.48%;PP形态入湖负荷次之,平均贡献率为31.64%;DOP入湖负荷较低,平均贡献率为24.88%;(3)DIP入湖负荷贡献率较高值出现在3、4和11月的枯水期,平均入湖负荷贡献率达到55.30%;PP入湖负荷贡献率较高值出现在1和7月,平均入湖负荷贡献率为56.14%;DOP入湖负荷贡献率月变化差异较小,最高值出现在12月,贡献率为21.85%;(4)研究滇池入湖河流污染负荷不仅要考虑溶解态无机磷的贡献,而且需要重视PP和DOP负荷,控制滇池入湖河流污染负荷需要考虑不同河流不同形态磷负荷组成及月变化差异特征,有针对性地采取相应措施. 相似文献
10.
不同溶解氧水平下湖泊底泥-水界面磷交换影响因素分析 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
在实验室控制条件下,研究了玄武湖底泥在饱和溶解氧、75%、50%、25%、0%溶解氧水平下底泥-水界面磷交换,探讨了溶解氧对底泥-水界面磷交换的影响途径.结果表明:(1)上覆水溶解氧与玄武湖底泥溶解性磷酸盐、溶解性总磷释放速率呈开口向上的抛物线关系;(2)上覆水溶解氧水平可以决定磷在底泥-水界面交换中的转换方向,而且还影响间隙水中溶解氧扩散深度,25%、50%、75%和饱和溶解氧水平下溶解氧最大扩散深度分别为0.974cm、1.377cm、1.687cm和1.948cm,溶解氧在间隙水中最大扩散深度影响底泥-水界面的磷交换;(3)溶解氧可通过影响底泥-水界面处电位、藻类聚磷作用以及pH来影响底泥-水界面的磷交换. 相似文献
11.
Total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate parameters were studied for the first time in the groundwater in the Silifke coastal plain, which is a RAMSAR site in Turkey. Seasonal variations of these parameters in the plain were examined based on groundwater data collected from 21 wells during the winter, spring, summer, and fall seasons. Total dissolved organic carbon (DOC), inorganic carbon (DIC), inorganic phosphate (DIP), inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and total alkalinity (TAlk) average values in the groundwater were low in all seasons (<2.2 mg/L for DOC; <54 mg/L for DIC; <0.06 mg/L for DIP; <1.5 mg/L for DIN; <232 mg/L for TAlk). The results showed a strong relationship between DIC and as expected. The results indicate that the content of these parameters in the groundwater of Silifke coastal plain pose no or little risk at present. However, computed Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) values indicated that the groundwater has a tendency to form scale and CaCO3 precipitation may occur. 相似文献
12.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):188-195
A new salt resistant alkaline phosphatase from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (StAP) has been shown to have a unique property to hydrolyze substrate in seawater without loss of enzymatic activity. The enzyme has pH optimum at 8.0–8.5. Model experiments showed various concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead added to seawater or a standard buffer mixture to inhibit completely the enzyme activity at the concentrations of 15–150 μg/l. StAP sensitivity to the presence in seawater of metals, pesticides, detergents and oil products appears to be considerably less. Samples of seawater taken from aquatic areas of the Troitsy Bay of the Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea have been shown to inhibit the enzyme activity; the same was shown for the samples of fresh waters. The phosphatase inhibition assay developed proved to be highly sensitive, technically easy-to use allowing to test a great number of samples. 相似文献
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14.
In this study, the distribution and partition of polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water from the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. A seasonal dependence for dissolved and particle phase PCB and PBDE levels was observed. A high dissolved phase level occurred in the dry season. The positive correlation between POC content in the particles and phase distribution coefficients (Kp) suggested that POC may play an important role in determining the partition of PBDEs and PCBs. A linear correlation between the observed log KOC and log KOW for PBDEs and PCBs was found with slopes less than one. The observed log KOC values were lower than the predicted log KOC values for PBDEs (except for BDE28). The log KOC values were higher than the predicted values for PCBs. A combination of sorption to colloids (10-98% for PBDEs and less than 25% for PCBs) and adsorption to BC was responsible for this observation. 相似文献
15.
The investigation and continuous monitoring with an innovative iron oxide embedded cellulose acetate membrane (FeO/CAM) on the concentrations of biologically available phosphorus (BAP) were conducted in the Meiliang Bay of the Taihu Lake during summer in 2004. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved (FeO-DP), particulate (FeO-PP) and total bioavailable phosphorus (FeO-P) had similar horizontal distribution. The BAP concentrations were the highest in those estuaries in the northern bay. With the decrease of the distance to the estuary or long shore, there was little difference between BAP concentrations in an open lake area. During the observation period, algal blooms occurred in most waters of the northern bay, which was reflected from the high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). While they were not highest in the estuarine waters of those major rivers, this is the case for the BAP concentrations. The concentrations of Chl-a had a significantly positive correlation with those of bioavailable phosphorus in the open area of the Meiliang Bay. With the sediment resuspension induced by wind and wave, BAP concentrations increased in a short-term, indicating that the riverine P inputs mainly contribute to the concentrations of BAP in the estuarine water while internal P release was the major source of BAP in the open lake area. In the eutrophic shallow lake, the blooms of alga may cause pH increase and further result in internal P release. The above results showed that the new membrane of FeO/CAM can be used to monitor the concentrations of BAP and provide the scientific justifications for the control strategy of the lake eutrophication. 相似文献
16.
于2015年春季拟多甲藻水华暴发期在香溪河支流高岚河、南阳河与干流设置9个采样点,探讨浮游植物种群与水体总磷浓度等环境因子的相关性;同时,分离纯化拟多甲藻后,设置5个不同磷浓度(0、0.005、0.020、0.100、0.600 mg/L)对其进行实验室培养,分别测定其比生长速率;在对数生长期,检测不同磷浓度培养下的藻细胞的快速光曲线及其参数;检测不同磷浓度培养下的藻细胞对外源无机碳的吸收效率及其参数.结果表明,水体中总磷浓度越高的河段,拟多甲藻细胞密度越高;培养基中磷浓度越高,拟多甲藻的比生长速率越大,光合效率越高,其对外源无机碳的吸收能力越强.这些结果表明高磷的水环境可能是促使拟多甲藻形成水华的关键因素之一. 相似文献
17.
Evaluation of Amendments to Control Phosphorus Losses in Runoff from Pig Slurry Applications to Land
If spread in excess of crop requirements, incidental phosphorus (P) losses from agriculture can lead to eutrophication of receiving waters. The use of amendments in targeted areas may help reduce the possibility of surface runoff of nutrients. The aim of this study was to identify amendments which may be effective in reducing incidental dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) losses in surface runoff from land applied pig slurry. For this purpose, the DRP losses under simulated conditions across the surface of intact grassland soil cores, loaded with unamended and amended slurry at a rate equivalent to 19 kg P ha?1, were determined over a 30 h period. The effectiveness of the amendments at reducing DRP in overlying water were (in decreasing order): alum (86%), flue gas desulfurization by‐product (FGD) (74%), poly‐aluminum (Al) chloride (PAC) (73%), ferric chloride (71%), fly ash (58%), and lime (54%). FGD was the most costly of all the treatments (€7.64/m3 for 74% removal). Ranked in terms of feasibility, which takes into account effectiveness, cost, and other potential impediments to use, they were: alum, ferric chloride, PAC, fly ash, lime, and FGD. 相似文献
18.
太湖3种优势微囊藻对不同形态磷的吸收利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微囊藻(Microcystis)是最常见的淡水水华蓝藻,它们对磷营养盐的竞争力是其成为优势种的最主要影响因素.本文以太湖水华中的3种优势微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae,Microcystis wesenbergii和Microcystis aeruginosa)为材料,比较研究了它们对正磷酸盐(K2HPO4)、三聚磷酸盐(Na5P3O10)、小分子溶解态有机磷(葡萄糖-6-磷酸,G-6-P)和大分子溶解态有机磷(卵磷脂)的吸收和利用能力.结果发现,3种微囊藻对4种磷形态有明显的嗜好.当磷浓度为0.2 mg/L时,M. flosaquae只在正磷酸盐下生长最快,M. wesenbergii在三聚磷酸盐和大、小分子有机磷下生长最快,M. aeruginosa在所有磷形态下生长都最慢.而当磷浓度为2.0 mg/L时,M. flos-aquae在所有形态磷下生长都最快.在2种磷浓度下M. wesenbergii都表现出最高的溶解态无机磷比例和光合活性Fv/Fm.以上结果说明,3种藻在磷形态利用方面存在明显的互补性差异,即低磷浓度下M. wesenbergii适宜利用的磷形态更多,高磷浓度下M. flos-aquae适宜利用的磷形态更多,而不论磷浓度高低,M. aeruginosa对4种形态磷的适应性最差.由此可知,可利用磷形态的丰富性只是部分优势微囊藻的竞争策略. 相似文献
19.
Song Chunlei Cao Xiuyun Li Jianqiu Li Qingman Chen Guoyuan Zhou Yiyong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):102-113
Phosphatase may accelerate the process of lake eutrophication through improving phosphorus bioavailability. This mechanism was studied in three Chinese eutrophic shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, Lake Longyang and Lake Lianhua). Phosphatase activity was related to the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and chlorophyll a. Stability of dissolved phosphatase in reverse micelles may be attributed to molecular size, conformation and active residues of the enzyme. At the site with Microcystis bloomed in Lake Taihu, dissolved phosphatase activity was higher and more stable in micelles, SRP concentrations were lower in interstitial water, the contents of different forms of phosphorus and the amounts of aerobic bacteria were lower while respiration efficiency was higher in sediments. Phosphobacteria, both inorganic and organic and other microorganisms were abundant in surface water but rare in sediments. Therefore, internal phosphorus may substantially flux into water column by enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic release, together with mobility of bacteria, thereby initiating the bloom. In short, biological mechanism may act in concert with physical and chemical factors to drive the internal phosphorus release and accelerate lake eutrophication. 相似文献
20.
Distribution and origin of biologically available phosphorus in the water of the Meiliang Bay in summer 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
The investigation and continuous monitoring with an innovative iron oxide embedded cellulose acetate membrane (FeO/CAM) on the concentrations of biologically available phosphorus (BAP) were conducted in the Meiliang Bay of the Taihu Lake during summer in 2004. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved (FeO-DP), particulate (FeO-PP) and total bioavailable phosphorus (FeO-P) had similar horizontal distribution. The BAP concentrations were the highest in those estuaries in the northern bay. With the decrease of the distance to the estuary or long shore, there was little difference between BAP concentrations in an open lake area. During the observation period, algal blooms occurred in most waters of the northern bay, which was reflected from the high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). While they were not highest in the estuarine waters of those major rivers, this is the case for the BAP concentrations. The concentrations of Chl-a had a significantly positive correlation with those of bioavailable phosphorus in the open area of the Meiliang Bay. With the sediment resuspension induced by wind and wave, BAP concentrations increased in a short-term, indicating that the riverine P inputs mainly contribute to the concentrations of BAP in the estuarine water while internal P release was the major source of BAP in the open lake area. In the eutrophic shallow lake, the blooms of alga may cause pH increase and further result in internal P release. The above results showed that the new membrane of FeO/CAM can be used to monitor the concentrations of BAP and provide the scientific justifications for the control strategy of the lake eu-trophication. 相似文献