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测井中子发生器作为中子源目前应用于地层岩性、孔隙度、含油饱和度及地层动态监测测井,是C/O测井、中子寿命测井、氧活化水流测井以及脉冲伽马能谱测井等仪器的核心部件.简要介绍了几种国外测井中子发生器的产品.阐述了测井中子发生器的工作原理、基本构成及关键技术.介绍了中国石油测井有限公司测井仪器厂研制生产的中子发生器产品系列.脉冲中子伽马测井是当前油田生产动态监测普遍采用的技术.介绍了实现宽频带、锐截止的技术途径以及目前所取得的成果.中子发生器产额的稳定性及开机重复率指标的提高将会极大拓宽其应用领域,尤其在使用同位素中子源的领域,可以替代同位素中子源发挥独到的优势.介绍了中国石油测井有限公司在中子发生器产额稳定方面所做的工作和取得结果,并列举了稳定产额后的中子发生器在元素分析领域所取得的成功试验. 相似文献
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对岩矿石样本进行电性测量,能够进一步约束地球物理探测数据的解释结果,进而提升矿产勘探的精度和准确度.为能对极低(10Ω级)还是极高阻抗(10 MΩ级)的岩矿石样本都能进行精确和有效测量,本团队自主设计了CannySIP测量系统.但该系统存在仪器较为笨重、功耗高、且测量过程较为繁琐的问题.为解决这些问题,本文以CannySIP测量系统小型化和便携化为驱动,设计一种小尺寸,低功耗的板卡级信号发生器.该信号发生器支持通过SPI总线发送频率控制字的方式来配置频率的输出,因此频率控制高效简单.本信号发生器设计了恒压和恒流两种工作模式.这两种工作模式都支持频率可任意配置,幅值可五档配置,其中恒压五档为10 V、1 V、100 mV、10 mV和1 mV,恒流五档为10 mA、1 mA、100μA、10μA和1μA.不管是恒压还是恒流,五个档位跨度均较宽,因此能很好地实现对极低或极高阻抗的岩矿石样本进行非失真激励.此外,本信号发生器的尺寸较小,接口标准统一,功耗较低,所以适合便携式岩矿石样本电性测量仪内部集成,以提供激励信号． 相似文献
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针对电磁法观测系统在使用过程中的开机自检要求,分析常用测量系统及地球物理仪器的检测信号特征,通过对已有机制进行研究和对比,结合现有信号产生电路的优势,提出一种功耗低、精度高、设计简单的自检信号发生器实现方案.基于该方案设计了一套实现电路,其以CPLD为核心,由精密参考电压源、模拟开关及运算放大器等器件构成,并对该电路进行仿真与测试.通过系统稳定性分析,采用波特图与奈奎斯特图表明信号发生电路的稳定性符合设计要求.经仿真与测试,能够通过换挡开关产生幅值为20μV～2 V、频率范围在1 Hz～100 kHz的自检脉冲信号,频率稳定在1%,重复测试相位稳定度小于1.5%,幅值误差可以优化到1%以内,且能通过其稳定的谐波分量来获取该系统带宽更宽的通道测试响应.测试结果表明,该自检信号发生器电路实际功耗小于0.3 W,20μV～2 V幅值范围和1 Hz～100 kHz频率范围内性能指标的测量结果和仿真结果相符,并成功应用于某监控系统.利用该信号发生器电路实现自检具有操作方便、成本低、易于设计等优点,能够有效的弥补其它自检模式的缺陷. 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡神狐海域是天然气水合物发育的有利区域,天然气水合物在时间-频率域具有独特的响应特征.结合研究区最新处理的高分辨率三维地震资料、测井和钻井解释成果,采用基于连续小波变换的时频分析方法,可以实现对含水合物沉积层及其下伏游离气沉积层在时间-频率域成像.通过分析,在研究区识别出低频低能、高频低能、低频高能、高频高能、低频盲区和高频盲区等多种频率异常,发现频率异常与游离气饱和度、水合物饱和度、裂隙发育情况及调谐效应密切有关,认为水合物存在带可以通过寻找低频高能、高频低能或高频盲区之上的低频低能、高频高能或高频低能区识别.研究证明基于时频分析的时间-频率域水合物识别方法其分辨率明显高于时间-振幅方法,即使是在时域剖面BSR特征不明显时,也可以对含水合物层进行识别,因此,荻取的时频特征也可以作为水合物识别的直接指示. 相似文献
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常规地震剖面由于分辨率有限,难以实现高频层序的解释,本文采用反射系数反演技术和地层切片技术,形成了高频层序解释方法.反射系数反演技术有效提高了地震剖面的分辨率,有利于建立三级层序格架,结合地层切片技术,可以方便快速的得到初始高频层序界面,采用平面控制剖面的解释方法,用切片平面沉积展布的合理性检验高频层序解释的合理性和等时性,指导高频剖面上高频层序解释方案的调整,减少了层位解释的多解性,增强了层位的等时性.在高频层序格架控制下形成新的地层切片,等时性比三级层序格架更强,可以更好的刻画平面沉积特征.高频层序解释技术避免了常规层位解释的繁琐和多解性,具有很强的实用性,同时高频层序的地震相分析又为沉积微相研究提供了可靠的基础资料,有利于储层预测或开发级别的储层研究. 相似文献
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1前兆资料预处理和前兆中高频短临信息提取
资料预处理主要包括原始数据整理,消除年变,提取反映地震孕育短临阶段的中高频信息,并进行时间序列的标准化和信息化,信息化处理后的时间序列更有效反应强震孕育的短期或临震前兆高频短临信息.孕震前兆中高频短临信息的识别与前兆趋势异常的识别有实质的不同,前兆趋势异常反映的是孕震前期或中期的中、长趋势打破常规的异常变化,而孕震前兆中高频短临信息则反映的是强震进入临震阶段地壳应力、应变在震前处于一种临界的失稳状态.强震的孕育-发生-发展的全过程中震源区和外围地区的应力-应变状态都会发生相应变化,强震的震时和震后短时间内产生的中高频信息可能往往比强震孕育到临震阶段产生的前兆中高频信息要丰富,也就是说已发强震产生的震时和震后高频信息可能往往强于前兆中高频短临信息,因而在识别孕震前兆中高频短临信息时,必须排除强震产生的震时和震后的中高频信息,即在做前兆中高频短临信息时间序列曲线时,必须滤除前期已发强震产生的震时和震后的中高频信息,这样才能从前兆观测资料中提取出反映出地震孕育进入破裂阶段的前兆中高频短临信息. 相似文献
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The first section of the paper describes the developed self-powered, chassis mounted mobile Energy-4 generator, which has a power of 29 kW and a maximum output voltage of up to 1200 V. The generator operates in the audio frequency range (2–2000 Hz) and is designed for electromagnetic sounding of the Earth’s upper crust in the search for minerals and monitoring of earthquake source zones in seismically active regions. The main power units of the generator are a PWM inverter and a step-up transformer. The inverter is powered by two DC generators mounted on the driveshaft of a truck, in the body of truck of which the generator is mounted. The circuit diagram and operation of the generator are considered, as well as individual design solutions that made it possible to increase the amplitude of the output voltage and, consequently, the current in grounded power lines. The second section is devoted to full-scale tests of the Energy-4 generator in the Kovdor-2015 experiment, during which multipath frequency soundings with 25 and 50 km spacings were carried out on the territory of the Enskii–Kovdor granite-gneiss complex composed of rocks of the Archaean basement of the Baltic Shield. As a result of the experiment, a ubiquitous intermediate conducting dilatancy-diffusion layer (DD layer) was found at depths from 2–3 to 5–9 km in an area of 100 × 200 km. The parameters of this layer have been investigated. The layer is considered a seismically active element of the brittle Earth’s upper crust with a thickness of 10–15 km. 相似文献
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Interference effects of aircraft on earth's electromagnetic response at very low frequency and low frequency 
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下载免费PDF全文 Over the last few decades, very low frequency electromagnetics has been widely and successfully applied in mineral exploration and groundwater exploration. Many radio transmitters with strong signal‐to‐noise ratios are scattered in the very low frequency band and low frequency band. Based on experiences gained from ground measurements with the radio‐magnetotelluric technique operating in the frequency interval 1–250 kHz, broadband magnetometers have been used to cover both very low frequency (3–30 kHz) and low frequency (30–300 kHz) bands to increase the resolution of the near‐surface structure. The metallic aircraft as a conductive body will distort the magnetic signal to some extent, and thus it is important to investigate aircraft interference on the electromagnetic signal. We studied noise caused by rotation of an aircraft and the aircraft itself as a metallic conductive body with three methods: 3D wave polarization, determination of transmitter direction and full tipper estimation. Both very low frequency and low frequency bands were investigated. The results show that the magnetic field is independent of the aircraft at low frequencies in the very low frequency band and part of the low frequency band (below 100 kHz). At high frequencies (above 100 kHz), the signals are more greatly influenced by the aircraft, and the wave polarization directions are more scattered, as observed when the aircraft turned. Some aircraft generated noise mixed with radio transmitter signals, detected as ‘dummy’ signals by the 3D wave polarization method. The estimated scalar magnetic transfer functions are dependent on the aircraft flight directions at high frequencies, because of aircraft interference. The aircraft eigenresponse in the transfer functions (tippers) between vertical and horizontal magnetic field components was compensated for in the real part of the estimated tippers, but some unknown effect was still observed in the imaginary parts. 相似文献
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本文旨在研究多孔岩石声衰减机制及衰减和频率的关系,用共振法测量了人工多孔材料10~5Hz以下的弯曲振动能量损耗,发展了前人测量弹性模量的方法.实验结果表明:干燥试样的内耗基本上与频率无关:水饱和试样的内耗比干燥试样的大得多,并在24.0kHz有显著的弛豫峰;饱和试样的内耗主要产生于固体骨架与孔隙流体之间的相对运动.实验结果与Riot理论和局部流体流动机制一致,但未看到Dunn预言的“边界效应”. 相似文献
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M. B. Barannik V. V. Kolobov A. N. Shevtsov A. A. Zhamaletdinov 《Seismic Instruments》2013,49(1):1-15
A generating-measuring complex of directional operation, which allows investigating seismically dangerous zone of stressedly-deformed state of rock, ore zones, and fracture zones in the directions which are the most sensitive from the standpoint of the aim in view, namely along and across the strike axes of the object of interest, is developed. The complex includes the Energy-2M directional operation generator and a portable high-sensitivity KVVN-7m measuring station that allows performing frequency probing with controllable sources and sounding in the field of natural electromagnetic field variations during one cycle. The generator includes a system of independent phase and amplitude adjustment of the current at the output of the Energy-2M generator inverter along two channels. A circuit of programmed generator current supply to two mutually orthogonal antenna arrays (long grounded lines) and a system of precision control over the current parameters in each arm is developed. The generator allows generating a programmed current with circular or elliptical field polarization in the vicinity of the object under study in the specified direction in the frequency range from 1 to 2000 Hz. The Energy-2M generator is mounted on board a ZIL-131 motor vehicle and fed by two PN-72 generators 15 kW each. The KVVN-7 digital measuring station has been completely modified. Moreover, all out-of-date elements have been replaced by modern operational amplifiers characterized by extremely low internal noises, which do not exceed unities or tenths of nV/Hz0.5. The generating complex is equipped with a system for control, regulation, protection, and automation (SCRPA) based on GPS time synchronization. Thermostatting of the unit for clock frequency and reference voltage is provided. All these measures allowed reaching the accuracy of synchronization over the absolute time not worse than 2 × 10?4 s, and frequency stability of the generator signal not worse than 10?7 Hz. 相似文献
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M. B. Barannik V. V. Kolobov V. N. Selivanov D. V. Kuklin A. A. Zhamaletdinov A. N. Shevtsov 《Seismic Instruments》2013,49(3):275-284
The structure and a possible practical application of the portable generator with extremely and super low frequency (ELF-SLF) range (0.1–200 Hz) and power of 2 kW are described. The generator is designed for deep sounding of the Earth’s crust for the purposes of mineral exploration and electromagnetic monitoring of source zones of earthquakes in seismically active regions. Computational and theoretical works, as well as numerical simulation for optimizing the generator’s parameters and element base, are carried out. The main constructive elements of the generator, namely, the power factor corrector, the driver control circuit for power transistors, the inverter of the high-frequency decoupling converter, the multichannel pulse power converter, the output inverter, and etc., are consistently described. The generator’s weight does not exceed 10 kg, and, therefore, the generator may be easily delivered to a testing site using any kind of transport, including planes. The generator is powered by the single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V. The full-scale testing of the generator is performed at the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug via the connection to the high-voltage transmission line Urengoi-Pangody with a length of 114 km. The maximum current in the line is 12 A. The maximum distance of reliable signal recording is 110 km. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法(TEM)作为地球物理非地震探勘主要电磁方法之一,广泛应用于油气、矿产等地下资源探测.本文分析TEM磁场传感器频率响应特点,采用欠阻尼匹配拓展传感器线性响应频率范围;分析磁传感器各类噪声源分布,提出不同频段上影响磁传感器性能的主要因素.最终研制一款高磁导率磁芯的TEM感应式磁场传感器,工作频段为10 mHz~1 kHz,等效输入噪声水平为4pT/√Hz@1Hz, 15fT/√Hz@200 Hz,传感器直径为50 mm,长度800 mm,重量3.2 kg,相比现有TEM接收磁场传感器,体积小、重量轻、工作频段低.实验测试与生产作业表明:最新研制的高灵敏度TEM磁场传感器更加适合大深度、3D阵列电磁勘探. 相似文献
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对套管井偶极弯曲模式波的频散特性进行了系统的数值考察、实例对比和分析.发现套管井弯曲波频散曲线随地层横波速度的降低,特别是地层横波速度小于2000 m·s-1以下,会迅速移向高频区,偶极弯曲波基础模式主频散区（或截止频率）可出现在13 kHz以上,以致超出了现行低频偶极子声波测井仪的激发与接收频带,这是一过去没有被研究者注意到的现象,并进一步被现场实例所证实.研究表明控制套管井弯曲波频散曲线主频散区位置的主要是钢套管的厚度和地层横波速度.对地层横波速度大于井孔流体声速的快速地层,在钢套管壁厚一定（8 mm）的情况下,频散曲线主频散区可移至11 kHz以上,可能出现的最大可能频域位置是同一井孔内径,井外全钢时的频散曲线上等于、小于地层横波速度那一段,这对各种地层和套管参数都是适用的.对地层横波速度小于等于井孔流体声速（1500 m·s-1）的慢速地层,弯曲波频散曲线随地层横波速度的降低移向高频区的特点更为明显,可能移至16 kHz以上;而套管厚度的影响,也比快速地层大的多,对地层横波速度小于1380 m·s-1的慢速地层,无论用多高的频率激发,都不能在现行使用的各类套管井（壁厚6~12 mm）中用偶极声波测井仪测到弯曲模式波. 相似文献
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随着多波多分量技术的发展,宽频数据采集逐渐成为地震勘探的发展趋势.通过高保真获取全波场信息,并尽可能保留高频有效成分,进而利用多种波场信息相互验证和补充,是提高地震勘探精度的有效方法.受仪器带宽限制,常规设备在高频段很难同时保持高分辨率和大动态范围特征,在多波地震采集时,极容易出现分辨率不足和限幅失真等现象,极大影响多波多分量方法的实际应用效果.鉴于此,本文给出一种利用积分器、高频ADC、DAC和抽取滤波器构成的低成本宽频数据采集方法.通过构造环路滤波器(调制器),对高频ADC输出数据中的量化噪声二次整形,并配合抽取滤波,对带外噪声进行有效压制.实际测试表明,通过精细电路结构设计,采集站有效分辨率可达24位(采样率为2 kHz),动态范围超过140 dB,SNR达142 dB.相比传统设备,其采集数据在5～25 Hz的低频段和100 Hz以上的高频段都具有更加丰富的有效信息,非常适合多波多分量数据采集. 相似文献