共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
大连市海水入侵现状与防治措施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李宝兰 《地质灾害与环境保护》2009,20(3):59-62
海水入侵是沿海地区的环境问题之一。大连是我国北方重要的港口和工业城市．处于三面靠海的半岛地理环境。同时．大连也是一个水资源十分紧缺的城市。自20世纪70年代开采地下水以来．出现了越来越严重的海水入侵问题．海水入侵问题对当地的工农业生产、生态环境及人们的身体健康均造成了不同程度的影响。目前大连市的海水入侵问题已得到控制,基本处于稳定状态。提出了因地制宜的海水入侵防治措施。 相似文献
2.
中国沿海地区海水入侵现状与分析 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
刘杜娟 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(1):31-36
首先介绍了我国存在着严重海水入侵灾害的三大河三角洲——长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、老黄河三角洲(莱州湾地区)海水入侵现状。长江口和珠江口海水入侵主要受河流入海径流量和河口潮汐影响,莱州湾地区海水入侵的产生则主要是人类过量开采地下淡水所致。地下淡水和咸水之间存在着一个动态平衡的混合界面,淡水储存一旦减少,平衡状态被打破,该界面便会向陆移动。最终产生海水入侵。海水入侵的发生受着诸多因素制约,在中国沿海地区。地下淡水的储备与人类的用水需求之间存在着矛盾,人类过量开采地下淡水是产生海水入侵的主导因素。因而开源节流、人工回灌地下淡水、阻隔水流等措施在防治海水入侵方面是行之有效的。 相似文献
3.
随着秦皇岛地区人口增加、经济发展,地下水的开采日益加大,沿海地区由此产生的海水入侵现象较为普遍。海水入侵也是一种地质灾害,如何防止海水入侵是广大地质工作者和相关科技人员所要解决的问题。本文在分析了本地区海水入侵分布规律、发生原因及产生机理的基础上,提出科学管理地下水开采、引调客水补充地下水以及修建拦潮坝等多种举措防治海水入侵。借鉴国内外成熟的经验和方法,修建拦水坝拦潮蓄洪是治理海水入侵行之有效的方法。同时指出,修建梯级多道拦水坝逐级提高河水位强化对地下水的补给是治理海水入侵的一种新的尝试。 相似文献
4.
山东省莱州湾是中国最早发现海水入侵现象的沿海地区之一,由于地下水大量超采,造成较大范围的海水入侵,给工、农业生产和人民生活造成了极大危害.通过对多年资料的分析,较系统地分析了海水入侵的原因,并提出了诸多工程和非工程措施,对防止海水入侵取得了明显效果. 相似文献
5.
《地下水》2021,(2)
我国沿海地区海水入侵现象频繁出现,海水入侵的相关研究对沿海地区社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。受地质条件的影响海水入侵方式呈多样性,主要包括层状第四系松散沉积物分布区的孔隙式层状入侵和构造裂隙发育分布区的脉状入侵形式。海水入侵监测在预测地下水水质条件及评价管理沿海地区含水层过程中是必不可少的,因此构建科学的海水入侵动态监测系统是防治海水入侵的重要技术途径。本文通过对荣成市俚岛镇变质岩山丘区裂隙水海水入侵现状和监测中存在问题的进行分析,根据"点-面结合"、"直接-间接结合"的监测原则提出了地下水海水入侵监测系统的布局,为俚岛镇地下水的持续利用与保护提供基础信息和依据。 相似文献
6.
从七十年代末开始,辽宁沿海地区海水入侵现象日益发展。1991年至1993年监测结果表明,辽宁沿海地区的大连、锦州、葫芦岛等地海水入侵总面积已达766km~2,其中侵及耕地58万亩,并使海侵区580眼机电井报废,减少水田面积300万亩,每年减产粮食1300万kg;工业上因地下水水质下降、水中含氯度高,生产设备受腐蚀,更新年限明显缩短,给工农业生产和人民生活造成了较严重的影响。 相似文献
7.
8.
本文通过对沿海地区海岸带淡，盐水按触带，海水入侵范围和地下水含水层中溶质运移之间的内在联系，以及溶质运移的运动规律和途径的定性分析，从理论上为沿海地区予测海水入侵范围及淡水咸化提供根据，并通过一维地下水流的微分方程的研究。为进一步推导不同边界条件下的海水入侵范围提供研究方向。 相似文献
9.
深圳市是我国沿海经济最发达的地区之一,但同时也是受海水入侵影响非常大的沿海地区。以深圳市宝安区为典型研究区．开展了钻孔施工及地下水样采集工作,并测试了水样的微量元素含量和稳定氢氧同位素组成。在此基础上,探讨了地下水微量元素与同位素特征对海水入侵以及地下水起源的指示意义,发现Br,B,Li,Sr等微量元素和δD及δ^18O可用于有效指示海水入侵的发生,并分辨地下水的不同起源,可为区内地下水资源的保护工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
我国北方沿海中小流域地表水资源相对比较丰富,但受到自然地理条件的约束,大部分被弃流入海,水资源的有效利用程度低,局部地区地下水位持续下降,造成海水入侵等问题,严重威胁着有限的地下淡水资源。针对存在的问题,本文以辽宁省六股河平原区为例,从补给水源、地下储水空间、水更替条件等角度分析了该区地下水库的建设条件,通过拟建水源地和人工回灌补源工程等措施,利用地下水流数值模拟模型对该区地下水库的运行状态进行了预测。结果表明,该区修建地下水库可有效地将丰水期(年)多余的地表水储存于地下,增加地下水的补给量,实现地下水与地表水的联合开发利用,提高水资源的利用率,同时表明人工回灌补源工程是地下水库建设成功与否的关键因素。 相似文献
12.
秦皇岛市洋河、戴河滨海平原海水入侵的控制与治理 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
秦皇岛市洋河,戴河冲洪积平原,近20年来抽取地下水量迅速增加,80年代初形成了低于海平面的降落漏斗,造成海水从海岸线向内陆和从河流下游河床向两侧同时侵入孔隙含水层。由于水质恶化,北戴河区水源地面临报废的危险。为了保护和开发淡水资源,控制海水入侵,必须对地下水的水质和水量进行综合评价。采用水动力弥散型地下水水质模型来描述滨海含水层中海水和淡水的运动,把氯离子作为水质模型的变量。在水量模型中采用孔隙压力代替水头作为变量。数学模型用有限单元法求解。模拟面积约180km2,剖分为321个单元,184个结点。作为水文地质实体的模型,它被用来模拟和预报不同降水量年份的地下水水位和水质。计算结果表明,如果保持目前的地下水开采量,海水入侵还会深入。为了控制和治理海水入侵,本文探讨了可行措施。根据数学模型模拟的结果,在洋河下游人海口修建防潮闸,同时加强滨海含水层的管理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
13.
Numerical studies on saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer in northwestern Germany 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Tomas Feseker 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(2):267-279
Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers depends on the distribution of hydraulic properties, on the climate, and on human interference such as land reclamation. In order to analyze the key processes that control saltwater intrusion, a hypothetical steady-state salt distribution in a representative cross-section perpendicular to the coastline was calculated using a two-dimensional density-dependent solute transport model. The effects of changes in groundwater recharge, lowering of drainage levels, and a rising sea level on the shape and position of the freshwater/saltwater interface were modeled in separate simulations. The results show that the exchange of groundwater and surface water in the marsh areas is one of the key processes influencing saltwater intrusion. A rising sea level causes rapid progression of saltwater intrusion, whereas the drainage network compensates changes in groundwater recharge. The time scale of changes resulting from altered boundary conditions is on the order of decades and centuries, suggesting that the present-day salt distribution does not reflect a steady-state of equilibrium. 相似文献
14.
海水入侵是困扰沿海地区经济社会发展的重大资源、环境问题,严重影响沿海地区地下水资源。定量模拟、预测和可视化管理是对海水入侵进行有效监测和机理分析的重要手段。基于前期海水入侵模拟的理论研究及方法,提出了海水入侵模拟及预测模型VFT3D,该模型综合考虑地表水-地下水对海水入侵的协同控制作用,能够模拟变密度地下水流及复杂反应性迁移,实现模拟海水入侵的完整水文循环过程。文章介绍了VFT3D模型,利用VFT3D模型模拟了一个海水入侵案例,并与SEAWAT模型模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明VFT3D 模型模拟水头与SEAWAT模型模拟结果相差不大,但SEAWAT模型无法模拟海水入侵中复杂的化学反应过程。VFT3D 模型模拟发现,水文地球化学过程（阳离子吸附交换作用）对阳离子（Na+、K+、Mg2+和Ca2+）运移产生明显影响,同时引起过渡带中离子组分浓度发生变化,对海水入侵过程产生较大影响。因此,考虑变密度和复杂反应过程,才能更加准确地描述海水入侵,从而有利于地下咸水治理工程的科学实施。 相似文献
15.
Understanding of saline intrusion into coastal aquifer is an important issue in management and protection of groundwater resource,
which can be well achieved by groundwater modelling. To explain some phenomena of correlation between groundwater level and
salinity in observation wells in coastal area, the authors compare the migration velocity of saline particles and transmission
velocity of water pressure and derive analytical equations of these two velocities for plane and radial flows. The driving
force and resistance of saline intrusion were analysed based on the analytical modelling. The destruction and reconstruction
of the equilibrium between fresh water seepage towards sea and saline dispersion to inland were considered as an essence of
whole intrusion process. The dynamic process of seepage and dispersion at different stages of saline intrusion were analysed
under groundwater over-exploitation. The basic equations of saline intrusion were derived and the mechanism of transitional
zone movement was discussed. These constitute coupled seepage–dispersion theory of saline intrusion, which becomes an important
supplement to existing theory of saline intrusion. As a case study on saline intrusion in Guangrao County in Eastern China,
this theory was applied to predict the development of saline intrusion in the study area. 相似文献
16.
Greece is dependent on groundwater resources for its water supply. The main aquifers are within carbonate rocks (karstic aquifers)
and coarse grained Neogene and Quaternary deposits (porous aquifers). The use of groundwater resources has become particularly
intensive in coastal areas during the last decades with the intense urbanization, tourist development and irrigated land expansion.
Sources of groundwater pollution are the seawater intrusion due to over-exploitation of coastal aquifers, the fertilizers
from agricultural activities and the disposal of untreated wastewater in torrents or in old pumping wells. In the last decades
the total abstractions from coastal aquifers exceed the natural recharge; so the aquifer systems are not used safely. Over-exploitation
causes a negative water balance, triggering seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion phenomena are recorded in coastal aquifer
systems. Nitrate pollution is the second major source of groundwater degradation in many areas in Greece. The high levels
of nitrate are probably the result of over-fertilization and the lack of sewage systems in some urban areas. 相似文献
17.
Zhou Xun Chen Mingyou Wan Li Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing China Wang Juping Ning Xuesheng Beihai Institute of Hydrogeology Engineering Geology Mineral Resour 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(3)
INTRODUCTIONThe city of Beihai,located on the south coast ofGuangxi,China,relies heavily on groundwater for its potablewater supply and agricultural irrigation.With rapid increasein population (for instance,from 134 0 0 0 in 1987to 47930 0in1995 ) and in developm ent program s,the demand for freshwater has been growing. Approxim ately 170 0 0 0 m3/ d ofgroundwater has been pumped from the productive coastalaquifers in recent years.Contamination of the fresh water inthe coastal aquifers b… 相似文献
18.
State of seawater intrusion and its adaptive management countermeasures in Longkou City of China 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Longkou City is a coastal area,and lacks water resources.The overexploitation of groundwater causes seawater intrusion.At present,seawater intrudes an area of 68 km2.With the decrease of groundwater extraction,the seawater intrusion area has generally declined.The paper expounds the development process of seawater intrusion as well as the corresponding prevention and control measures of using groundwater replenishment and groundwater throttling in Longkou City.In view of the seawater intrusion problem in Longkou City,some adaptive management countermeasures are put forward,which include:Adjusting industrial and agricultural structure,promoting economic and social development to match water resources;improving water usage structure,optimizing the utilization of water resources;advancing the construction of a water-saving society,using water resources efficiently;implementing inter-basin water transfer,using water resources rationally;developing and utilizing unconventional water sources,making full use of water resources;strengthening water infrastructure construction,increasing the development and utilization potential of water resources;carrying out ecological restoration,protecting water resources and ecological environment;improving the management informationalization level,strengthening the capabilities of groundwater monitoring and management;increasing publicity,improving public awareness of participation. 相似文献
19.
Evolution of the groundwater environment under a long-term exploitation in the coastal area near Zhanjiang, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Aquifers consisting of unconsolidated sediments in the coastal area near Zhanjiang in southern China are grouped into the
shallow, middle-deep and deep aquifer systems. Groundwater exploitation began in the 1950s in this district and has increased
from year to year since 1980. Measurements of groundwater levels and monitoring data of groundwater chemistry at some 60 wells
since 1981 are examined to analyze the evolution of hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry in the coastal aquifers. The results
indicate that groundwater levels in the middle-deep and deep aquifer systems have fallen continuously and the extents of the
depression cones in water levels have increased in the past two decades, even though the water levels recovered to some degree
during the period of 1997–2001. In 2004, the lowest water levels in the middle-deep and deep aquifer systems were 23.58 and
21.84 m below sea level, respectively. The groundwater has TDS ranging from 40 to 550 mg/L, and is of low pH, commonly varies
between 4 and 7. Concentrations of total iron and manganese exceed the concentration limits of the drinking water standards.
The hardness is in the range of 10–250 mg/L. Chloride contents of the groundwater range from 10 to 60 mg/L. The chloride and
TDS do not show systematically increasing trends. Although the water levels in the exploitation center near the coast are
significantly lower than the sea level and the depression cones of water levels in the middle-deep and deep aquifer systems
have expanded to the sea, sea water intrusion has not been observed until recently. This phenomenon is quite unique in the
coastal area near Zhanjiang. 相似文献