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城市地下水开发引起的环境地质问题刍议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着我国城市建设的快速发展,对水资源的需求量越来越大,地下水作为城市供水的重要组成部分,其开采量逐年增长。同时,在地下水开发利用的过程中还产生了一系列的环境地质问题,如地表沉降、塌陷、裂缝,海水入侵,地下水水质下降等,这些问题严重威胁着城市的可持续发展及居民的正常生活。文章描述了我国地下水资源开发的现状,探讨了因地下水的过量开采所导致的环境地质问题,对地下水的开采量进行了分析,最后提出了解决这些环境地质问题的建议。 相似文献
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Seawater intrusion has been an important topic in hydrogeology in China in recent decades. The rapid growth of the population and economy in the coastal regions has been consuming a tremendous amount of groundwater resources and has increased the extent of seawater intrusion. The spatial discrepancy of water resource distribution has caused the studies of seawater intrusion into China to mainly be concentrated on the area around the Bohai Sea in the northern part of China. The total area of seawater-intruded land due to excessive groundwater utilization in the area was estimated to be approximately 2,457 km2 in 2003. Great efforts have been made to mitigate the extent of seawater intrusion and to secure more freshwater resources, including building monitoring networks, subsurface barrier and groundwater reservoirs, and artificial infiltration facilities. Management projects over the years were evaluated to satisfy the objectives and to provide valuable experiences for future research and planning. It is expected that the coastal groundwater conditions of the northern region will improve through the development of a national water resource plan, such as the ongoing south-to-north water diversion project. 相似文献
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在分析大区域地下水流数值模型构建缘起的前提下,系统论述了近年来地下水流数值模拟在大区域地下水资源评价、水文地质参数确定、地面沉降、溶质运移、海水入侵、盐渍化、风险评估、地下水管理及地表水与地下水的联合开发利用等方面的国内外研究应用现状;归纳、总结了目前大区域地下水流数值模型在灵敏度分析、裂隙和岩溶介质中模型建立、基于地下水流数值模拟的溶质运移模型建立、地下水流数值模型构建所需工作量等理论和方法研究及实际建模过程中存在的一些问题;展望了今后大区域地下水流数值拟在研究范围、模拟技术与方法以及与其它模型耦合等方面的发展趋势。 相似文献
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The development and control of the seawater intrusion in the eastern coastal of Laizhou Bay, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Seawater intrusion was observed in China’s coastal aquifers as early as 1960s. At present, it covers an area of more than
2,000 km2 in China. In 2002, the seawater intrusion area was increased to 1773.6 km2 in Shandong Province, China, and it is continuing to extend in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay. In order to study the characteristic
of the seawater intrusion and the pattern of the saltwater/freshwater interface, we set the China’s first three-dimensional
seawater intrusion observation network in Longkou City of Shandong Province in 1989. In order to control the development of
the seawater intrusion, in 1995, a continuous underground concrete wall, by the method of high-pressure jet grouting, was
constructed in the downstream plain area of the Huangshuihe river in Longkou City. The average depth of the 5,842 m long concrete
wall is 26.7 m, and the maxim depth is 41 m. It forms a coastal underground reservoir with the total storage capacity of about
5,359 × 104 m3. In the past 10 years, the reservoir obtained great economic benefit, social benefit and ecosystem benefit. 相似文献
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井盐水,即低浓度地下卤水,是沿海地区长期海水倒灌所形成,主要分布于渤海湾、辽东湾等砾砂质沿岸地区。以利用井盐水资源进行工厂化水产养殖的兴城现代渔业园区为例,采用地下水数值模拟技术,对园区井盐水进行评价。结果表明,园区井盐水处于负均衡状态。针对园区大量开采井盐水所引发的海水入侵、水质恶化等环境问题,提出加强水资源的循环利用、修建拦潮坝等工程措施、建立井盐水的动态变化监测网等开发利用对策。 相似文献
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Assessment of water level threshold for groundwater restoration and over-exploitation remediation the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yang Hui-feng Meng Rui-fang Bao Xi-lin Cao Wen-geng Li Ze-yan Xu Bu-yun 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):113-127
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain (BTHP) is the political, economic and cultural center of China, where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development. Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale. This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area. The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field, using groundwater level data, in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management. Based on the analysis of multiple factors, such as groundwater level, soil salinization, ground subsidence, groundwater recharge and storage, urban underground space security, formation of fractures, and seawater intrusion, the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined, and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed. The study shows that: (i) Since the 1980s to 2020, shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60 m, while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m; (ii) The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level (mbgl), while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl. The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl, and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl. However, for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater, the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence. The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl, and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl; (iii) Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program, if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025, the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×108 m3. Meanwhile, the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×108 m3/a, and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×108 m3. To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040, surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×108 m3/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×108 m3/a. For deep groundwater recovery, it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×108 m3 , in addition to the amount of 7.86×108 m3 by water diversion. The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation, the regulation of water resources development and utilization, and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain. 相似文献
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Seawater intrusion is one of the most serious environmental problems in many coastal regions all over the world. Mixing a small quantity of seawater with groundwater makes it unsuitable for use and can result in abandonment of aquifers. Therefore, seawater intrusion should be prevented or at least controlled to protect groundwater resources. This paper presents development and application of a simulation‐optimization model to control seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers using different management scenarios; abstraction of brackish water, recharge of freshwater, and combination of abstraction and recharge. The model is based on the integration of a genetic algorithm optimisation technique and a coupled transient density‐dependent finite element model. The objectives of the management scenarios include determination of the optimal depth, location and abstraction/recharge rates for the wells to minimize the total costs for construction and operation as well as salt concentrations in the aquifer. The developed model is applied to analyze the control of seawater intrusion in a hypothetical confined coastal aquifer. The efficiencies of the three management scenarios are examined and compared. The results show that combination of abstraction and recharge wells is significantly better than using abstraction wells or recharge wells alone as it gives the least cost and least salt concentration in the aquifer. The results from this study would be useful in designing the system of abstraction/recharge wells to control seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers and can be applied in areas where there is a risk of seawater intrusion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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【研究目的】中国南方岩溶地区干旱缺水等问题异常突出,岩溶地下水赋存和分布的复杂,开发利用率低,基于多年调查研究工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特征,研讨水资源保障对策。【研究方法】基于南方岩溶区地下水资源特点、地下水系统类型、地下水系统空间结构的叠置性和时空分布不均性分析,提出南方岩溶区水资源保障对策。【研究结果】南方岩溶区可从以下三方面充分发挥地下水资源安全保障作用,一是掌握地下水赋存分布规律,发挥分散供水和应急供水作用;二是加强调蓄工程建设,解决水资源时空分布不均问题;三是建立与生态重建和经济发展相结合的地下水资源可持续利用模式。【结论】南方岩溶区地下水赋存条件复杂,具有表层带岩溶水系统、岩溶地下河与管道流系统、岩溶大泉系统以及分散排泄地下水系统多种类型,规模大小不一,开发利用形式多样;在垂向上具有叠置性,水空分布严重不均;开发利用潜力较大。在地球科学系统论的指导下,查明岩溶水资源赋存分布规律,科学评价地下水资源量,因地制宜制定水资源开发利用和保护方案,为脱贫攻坚、生态文明建设和乡村振兴提供技术支撑。创新点：以系统水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特点;针对岩溶区水资源安全保障问题,分析其主要原因,提出了水资源保障对策。 相似文献
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松花江—辽河流域(简称松辽流域)是中国重要的商品粮基地,地下水资源对维护中国粮食安全具有重要作用。2019年松辽流域地下水资源量为797.31×10~8m~3/a,地下水开发利用量为276.4×10~8m~3。松辽流域地下水面临着水资源局部短缺,局部水位持续下降,"三氮"污染加剧,以及湿地萎缩、土地荒漠化、盐渍化等资源、环境与生态问题。本文对这些问题进行驱动因素分析,主要是气温升高导致水稻适宜区扩大,土地利用方式改变,耕地面积特别是水田面积大幅增加,造成地下水过量开采、地下水面源污染加剧;水库的大量修建加剧干旱缺水地区河道径流减少,地下水补给来源不足,造成地下水供水能力下降,地下水位下降。针对这些问题,提出了加强水资源调查监测,开展水资源合理配置研究,实行地表水和地下水联合调度;加强水资源管理制度建设,强化制度刚性约束;调整农业种植结构,推进节水灌溉,提高水资源利用效率等建议措施。 相似文献
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随着秦皇岛地区人口增加、经济发展,地下水的开采日益加大,沿海地区由此产生的海水入侵现象较为普遍。海水入侵也是一种地质灾害,如何防止海水入侵是广大地质工作者和相关科技人员所要解决的问题。本文在分析了本地区海水入侵分布规律、发生原因及产生机理的基础上,提出科学管理地下水开采、引调客水补充地下水以及修建拦潮坝等多种举措防治海水入侵。借鉴国内外成熟的经验和方法,修建拦水坝拦潮蓄洪是治理海水入侵行之有效的方法。同时指出,修建梯级多道拦水坝逐级提高河水位强化对地下水的补给是治理海水入侵的一种新的尝试。 相似文献
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关中盆地水资源可持续开发利用对策研究--以渭南市为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以关中盆地东部的渭南市为例，概述了水资源的分布特征及其开发利用现状。认为水资源开发利用中存在水资源浪费严重，重复利用率低；行政区块限制，水资源调配不够；不合理开采地下水，出现负环境效应；地下水人工调控力度不够，不能有效的促进生态环境良性循环；对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等五个方面的主要问题。针对存在的主要问题，提出了六项水资源可持续开发利用对策，包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、调水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。 相似文献
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Characteristics analysis and model prediction of sea-salt water intrusion in lower reaches of the Weihe River,Shandong Province,China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Marine sedimentary strata are widely distributed in the coastal zone of the study area, and are rich in brine resources. The exploitation of underground water resources often first caused the intrusion of salt water in the marine strata. Based on the analysis of sea-salt water intrusion feature, the sea-salt water intrusion is divided into four stages: The occurrence and development stage(1976–1985), the rapid development stage(1986–1990), the slow development stage(1990–2000) and the stable development stage(2000–2015). Based on the comparative analysis of the relationship between seawater intrusion and influencing factors, this paper presents that the groundwater exploitation and the brine resources mining are the main control factors of sea-salt water intrusion. On this basis, we have established a numerical model of the sea-salt water intrusion. Using this model, we predicted the development trend of the sea-salt water intrusion. The results show that if the current development of groundwater and brine is maintained, the sea-salt water intrusion will gradually withdraw; once development of brine stops, sea-salt water will invade again. This provides the scientific basis for the rational exploitation of groundwater and the prevention of sea-salt water intrusion. 相似文献
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In arid and semi-arid countries worldwide, conflicts between human development activities and conservation of groundwater resources are widespread and attract many public debates. This research aims to propose groundwater management alternatives for a coastal aquifer by studying its vulnerability and in particularly the risk of seawater intrusion. An additional objective is to propose some agricultural policies aimed to conserve groundwater resources in Mahdia and Ksour Essaf. Intensive groundwater mining, for irrigation and for water drinking, has caused an overexploitation of the water resources. In addition, the degradation of water quality, caused by septic tanks and intensive agricultural activities, has given rise to notable crucial state of the groundwater resources. With the aim of tackling the groundwater degradation problem, integration into a common platform of vulnerability assessment, seawater intrusion modelling and hydrochemical analysis is proposed. This platform can considerably reflect the water resources state in order to propose some solutions reducing the contamination of the Mahdia–Ksour Essaf aquifer. The groundwater management alternatives, proposed in this study, were prepared within a geographical information system. 相似文献
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在总结前人关于海水入侵危险性评价研究的基础上,提出了基于GIS的层次分析法和模糊综合评判法,并以深圳市宝安区为例建立了海水入侵危险性评价体系.首先研究了宝安区海水入侵现状;然后选取了含水层结构、地下水氯离子质量浓度、地下水水位、地形地貌、与海岸线距离、地下水开采、土地利用类型7个评估因子;再利用层次分析法确定了各评估因子的权重,根据模糊综合评判法的原理,经过模糊运算得到危险性级别;最后运用GIS空间分析功能实现了海水入侵灾害危险性区划.结果表明:评价结果与该地区的海水入侵现状吻合较好.高危险区和较高危险区面积达107.77 km2,占研究区总面积的46.7%. 相似文献
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南方岩溶地区1∶5万水文地质环境地质调查技术要点分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过总结南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范6个方面成果,得出南方岩溶地区水文地质环境地质条件具有10个特性:岩溶发育受层组结构类型、地质构造格局和水动力条件等因素控制的综合性,岩溶地下水分布的非均一性,岩溶含水介质由孔、隙、缝、管、洞构成的多重性,岩溶地下水流运动的多相性,岩溶地下水动态变化的剧变性,岩溶水资源时间分布的季节性,干旱与洪涝的交替性,岩溶地下水污染的隐蔽性,岩溶地下水的深埋性,岩溶地下水与生态经济的相关性;论述了对碳酸盐岩层组结构类型、构造演化与岩溶发育期次、岩溶形态组合关系、表层岩溶带、岩溶地下水系统、岩溶地下河、主要环境地质问题和岩溶水资源开发利用条件8个关键科学问题调查研究的技术要点。 相似文献
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自然资源、环境本底及生态地质条件调查是城市地质调查的基础,可为城市国土空间规划、建设及精细化管理提供有效的基础地质支撑。随着雄安新区城市进程的加快,使得其自然资源与生态环境发生了翻天覆地的变化。本文基于雄安新区综合地质调查成果,明确了雄安新区自然资源与生态环境本底条件,分析了建设周期内自然资源变化趋势,探讨了未来城市建设应关注的自然资源与生态地质问题。结果表明,雄安新区设立后,土地利用类型发生了巨大改变,林地面积增加约58.1 km~2,草地面积增加约2.0 km~2,耕地面积减少68.8 km~2,建设用地增加7.2 km~2,土壤质量以优质和良好为主;雄安新区浅层与深层地下水水位总体呈现从西北部往东南部流动,水位逐渐降低,局部存在地下水降落漏斗,浅层地下水水位埋深一般为5～20 m,以企稳回升为主,深层地下水水位一般为25～35 m,水位下降区占比仍较高;白洋淀湿地动植物资源丰富,水质逐渐好转;地热资源开采利用条件好,全区地热流体可开采热量为10.10×10~(16)J/a,折合标准煤346.03万t/a;应重点关注新区存在的生态环境地质问题如地面沉降及地裂缝、地下水水位变化、砂土液化、坑塘、软弱土等,避免因生态环境地质问题引发工程事故,必要时应采取有效的预防措施。 相似文献