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为了研究三角洲河口风暴潮溃堤时的盐水运动规律,建立一、二维耦合的盐度数学模型对风暴潮溃堤时的盐水运动进行模拟。模型考虑洪泛区建筑物对盐水运动的影响以及溃口的渐变发展过程。用2008年多个测站的实测数据对河网模型的潮位和盐度计算结果进行了验证。将模型应用于珠江三角洲河网某近海溃口风暴潮溃堤的盐水运动模拟,并绘制了最大盐度等值面图。计算结果表明,该溃口大部分区域的溃堤积水盐度超过了4psu,因此,溃堤洪水的高盐度积水影响不容忽视。通过比较“溃堤”和“不溃堤”两种情况下的河网盐度计算结果,发现上游河道的溃堤分流增大了河道的纳潮量,促使涨潮量增大,增大了下游河网的咸潮上溯风险,减弱了上游来流对咸潮的压制效果。 相似文献
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黄浦江既是一条强感潮河流，又受上游太湖流域洪水的影响。随着海平面上升，长江口、黄浦江的整治以及上游太湖流域治理工作实施等因素影响，潮位资料系列的一致性遭到了破坏，给直接采用实测资料分析潮位特征带来困难。作为一种尝试，采用频率组合的方法来分析黄浦江年最高潮位的频率特征，取得了较好的分析研究成果。 相似文献
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为解决河道水动力模拟中由于局部急、缓流态交替可能导致计算不稳定、模拟过程无法实施的问题,提出根据实际河段存在的缓流、急流、水跌以及水跃4种流态,采用基于特征线、水量平衡等原理在各流态分界处添加内部边界的思路,建立基于Preissmann方法的复杂流态自适应模拟模型。所构建的模型能保持Preissmann方法的特点,即相邻断面离散模板以及河道首末断面各需给定一个边界条件,该特点有利于方法直接与现有成熟河网水动力模型连接。理想算例的计算结果表明方法能够模拟急、缓流之间的渐变过渡;而石亭江的实际算例表明在急、缓流态频繁交替时,采用单河道模式及河网模式均能收敛到恒定状态,满足模拟实际复杂流态时的稳定性要求。 相似文献
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频率组合法分析黄浦江年最高潮位频率特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄浦江既是一条强感潮河流,又受上游太湖流域洪水的影响。随着海平面上升,长江口、黄浦江的整治以及上游太湖流域治理工程实施等因素影响,潮位资料系列的一致性遭到了破坏,给直接采用实测资料分析潮位特征带来困难。作为一种尝试,采用频率组合的方法来分析黄浦江年最高潮位的频率特征,取得了较好的分析研究成果。 相似文献
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在利用数字高程模型(DEM)模拟坡面流提取流域水系特征过程中,对洼地和平地的处理是首先需要解决的关键问题。针对现有方法对复杂地形DEM中平地、洼地及其复合情形处理效率和效果的不佳,提出了洼地的分类与归并、有效填洼、平地的分类、基于出流代价的河谷平地排水流向构建等新的处理方法,并在开发的软件系统中得到实现。实验结果表明:采用该方法可对复杂洼地进行有效处理,构建的河谷平地水流流向在顾及周边地形的同时向可能形成的河道收敛,避免了平行河道、伪河道等奇异河道的产生,由此提取的流域水系与实际自然水系基本一致。 相似文献
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平原河网区域来水组成原理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于一般树状分布河网，上一级河道总是汇入至下一级河道，位于河道下游断面的流量总是由其上游汇集而至。但对于平原河网地区，特别是人工控制建筑物众多，又受潮汐影响的地区(如太湖流域)，河网错综复杂，水流方向不定，要跟踪某个断面的水流去向，或某个河段的水体、断面流量是从哪里汇集而来的，非常困难。但这样的问题在生产实践中往往对其很感兴趣。例如从常熟枢纽引长江水流进入望虞河后，流向何处?河网各断面流量中或各河段水体中常熟枢纽引江水量占多少比重?对这些问题的研究可以估计常熟枢纽引江的效果和影响范围。因此，平原河网区域来水组成方法在生产实践中具有重要意义。重点介绍了平原河网区域来水组成原理及其在太湖流域的应用。 相似文献
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跨海桥隧工程设计需要推算工程位置不同重现期设计流速,由于现场缺乏长期实测流速资料,设计流速推算存在很大困难。研究提出了采用不同重现期典型风暴潮过程推算河口海岸设计流速的数值模拟方法,对河口地区考虑洪水径流与风暴潮流的耦合。在依据澳门验潮站1925—2003年实测潮位资料分析珠江口海域风暴潮过程特征的基础上,结合潮位和潮差年极值频率分析结果构建了不同重现期典型风暴潮潮型。采用平面二维水动力数学模型模拟了不同重现期风暴潮和上游一般洪水组合条件下珠江口水域的流场,得出港珠澳大桥沿线各控制点处设计流速。 相似文献
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数值模拟是河冰问题研究的重要手段之一, 但受限于天然河道的复杂地形条件, 研究工作开展中往往面临不规则边界的处理问题.基于河冰数值模拟工作现状, 总结和阐述了贴体网格技术对其的应用.针对二维数值模拟提出了采用滑动边界法和势流理论式相结合的方法来进一步提高边界处网格的正交性; 三维网格生成则宜采用σ竖向坐标变换法; 河冰模拟中水面位置确定通常采用标高函数法; 对于非稳态河冰数值模拟, 动边界处理技术可考虑改进并应用干湿法. 相似文献
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1问题的提出水工建筑物闸门提出水面运行时,通常有两种流态发生。当问下水位不影响其出流时,呈自由式堰流;当间下水位影响其泄量时,即为淹没式堰流。根据水力学理论,可知出流公式为：式中Q──泄流量（m／s）;B──水宽度（m）;hu──上游水头（m）;hl──下游水... 相似文献
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The salinity of groundwater in an estuarine delta plain is sometimes related to the presence of an estuarine dam. To understand groundwater processes and salinity variation, time series data on the river water level, groundwater level, and groundwater electrical conductivity were collected for the Nakdong River in southeastern Republic of Korea. Sampling was undertaken upstream of the estuarine barrage system, which is opened and closed depending on upstream flow and seawater level. Comprehensive correlation analysis was performed between the groundwater and river water levels using bubble plots between groundwater electrical conductivity and the hydrological variables. Comparative analysis between the correlations and the field measurements of the hydrological variables indicated a negligible flux connection between the river and groundwater. Oscillatory pressure wave propagation from the river boundary explains the response patterns of the groundwater level. There were different response times for the rising and falling of the river water. Electrical conductivity in groundwater is not directly associated with that of the river except in one well close to the river boundary. The response patterns of groundwater electrical conductivity were explained by potential anthropogenic activity. Further transfer modeling results also indicate a spatial explanatory response pattern for the groundwater level. No spatial patterns in the models of electrical conductivity indicate that the hydrological processes are different with respect to the groundwater level and electrical conductivity.
相似文献12.
广州感潮河段底泥有机质特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
珠江广州河段水文水质特征受感潮作用影响很大，因感潮上溯作用，靠近市区河段的严重污染，不仅对下游水质造成影响，而且对上游珠江西航道和流溪河这一重要水源区的水质有影响。本研究分析了广州上游珠江西航道和流溪河这一河段底泥中有机质特征，从有机地球化学角度探讨感潮作用对广州市上游水质的影响范围和程度，指明鸦岗以上河段受感潮作用影响很小，而西村和石门则受较大程度影响，有机质呈明显人为污染特征。本研究同时表明有机地球化学原理方法可以应用于探讨河流水文水质。 相似文献
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为研究潮汐河道不同区段在流域来沙减少条件下的冲淤响应机制,以长江澄通河段为例,根据水动力特性将其划分为江阴—天生港和天生港—徐六泾两段,结合1950—2014年的水沙资料及2005—2014年的地形资料,比较两段冲淤对流域减沙的响应差异。结果表明:上游江阴—天生港段对流域减沙敏感,较快地由淤积转为冲刷;下游天生港—徐六泾段1998—2004年期间受洪季平均径流流量减小、潮汐顶托作用相对增大的影响,冲刷速率为减小趋势,2004年以后受洪季平均径流流量增大、潮汐顶托作用相对减小及流域来沙持续减少的共同影响,冲刷速率为增大趋势。使得潮汐动力对天生港—徐六泾段由促淤变为促冲的临界洪季平均径流流量为36 000 m3/s,该径流流量也是使得潮汐顶托作用在江阴—天生港段由不显著变为显著的临界流量。目前,流域减沙已加剧澄通河段整体的冲刷。 相似文献
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山西太原西山汾河二库的泉域归属及其渗漏量计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
山西省汾河二库是建于汾河中上游的一座大型水库。由于水库处于晋祠兰村泉域交界地带的碳酸盐岩河段,水库蓄水并淹没了天然条件下出流的悬泉寺泉群,造成库区岩溶水文地质条件发生根本性改变,直接影响到泉域岩溶水的水资源评价、开发管理和以泉水复流为目标的生态修复的措施制定。本文针对汾河二库修建后的以下两个问题开展了讨论。第一,利用最新调查与勘探资料分析二库修建对岩溶水文地质条件的影响,并对二库库区的泉域归属问题进行了划定,认为悬泉寺泉水的出流受控于汾河河谷内向西倾斜的下奥陶统区域相对隔水层的阻水作用,汾河二库蓄水水位提高近40 m,天然条件下挟持于晋祠-兰村泉域间相对独立循环的悬泉寺泉域降落漏斗被“充满”,泉水消失,形成对岩溶地下水渗漏反补给,水库渗漏水量通过中奥陶统主要进入晋祠泉域,汾河二库以寺头-下槐间下奥陶统出露的地段为界,下槐泉以上划归晋祠泉域,下槐泉以下则划归兰村泉域;第二,利用二库上游寨上水文站、下游的上兰村水文站资料和二库蓄水水位系列资料,由均衡法建立了二库蓄水水位与渗漏量之间的非线性方程,并据此预测,当二库水位提高至905.7 m时的渗漏量为2.862 m3·s-1,而对兰村泉域岩溶水及山前西张水源地的补给量有限。 相似文献
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Issa Sakho Jean-Paul Dupont Mohamed Talla Cisse Sanae El Janyani Soda Loum 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(6):253
The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamic of river systems is essential for developing sustainable water resource management plan. For the Senegal River, this subject is very complex according to the context of (1) transboundary basin, (2) several contrasted climatic zones (Guinea, South Sudanian, North Sudanian and Sahelian) with high rainfall variability and (3) high human pressures (dam construction and water uses). From 1954 to 2000, 80% (mean value) of the Senegal River flows recorded downstream part of the basin are provided by three majors tributaries (Bafing, Bakoye and Faléme) located in the upstream part. Then, in our study, this upper Senegal River basin was chosen in order to investigate the hydrological responses to rainfall variability and dam construction. Two nonparametric statistical methods, Mann–Kendall and Hubert test, were used to detect the long-term changes in the time series of precipitation and water discharge (1954–2000) at the annual and seasonal scales. The continuous wavelet transform (Morlet Wavelet) was employed to characterize the different mode in the water discharge variability. Flow duration curve and cumulative curve methods were used to assess the impact of dams on the hydrological regime of the Senegal River. Results showed that the Senegal River flows have been changing under the influence of both rainfall variation and dam construction. The long-term evolution of water discharge depend on long-term rainfall variability: The wet periods of the 1950s and 1960s correspond to periods of higher river flows, while the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s led to unprecedented river flows deficits. The new period, since 1994, show a high inter-annual variability of rainfall and discharge without clear trend. At seasonal scale, the results showed also a strong relationship between rainfall and runoff (R 2 > 0.8) resulting from alternating wet and dry seasons and rapid hydrological responses according to annual rainfall. Nevertheless, the observed flows during dry seasons highlighted the influence of water storage and restitution of infiltrated waters in soils and surficial formations during wet seasons. In the dry seasons, the water budget of the three upstream tributaries showed a water deficit at the downstream gauging station. This deficit was characterized by water loss to underlying aquifers and highlighted the influence of geological setting on water balance. However, in this context, water restitution during the dry season remained dependent on climatic zone and on the total annual rainfall volume during the previous wet season. The results have highlighted an impact of the Manantali dam previously obscured: The dam has no effect on the regulation of high river flows. That is what explains that since its construction in 1988, flooding of coastal cities, like Saint-louis, by seasonal river floods has not ceased. The flooding risk in coastal cities is not avoided, and the dams caused hyper-salinization of the Senegal lower estuary. The breach created in the coastal barrier of the Langue of Barbary in October 2003 promotes direct export of excess floodwater to the sea and reduces this risk of flooding in the delta area. But, this solution led to considerable loss of potential water resources, and the authors recommend a new water management plan with a global focus. However, this study shows the positives impacts of the two dams. They allow the availability of freshwater in order to support agricultural irrigation in the valley and delta zone, in particular during low flows periods. 相似文献
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River discharge, tide, wind, topography and other factors all have great impacts on the saltwater intrusion of Modaomen Waterway (MW), a major outlet of the Pearl River Estuary. A coupled 1D–3D numerical model was applied in this study to account for the dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the MW, and the impacts of tide and river discharge on the length of saltwater intrusion were uncovered. Results are as the followings: (1) River discharge from upstream induces an obvious dilution of salinity along the MW, whereas tide can exert a positive force that pushes salt water landward. The effects of river discharge and tide on the length of saltwater intrusion can be well described by a regression function; (2) the saltwater intrusion along the MW is generally aggravated by increases in tidal range from the South China Sea. The length of saltwater intrusion usually reaches a maximum 2 or 3 days before spring tide, and the hourly length of saltwater intrusion along the MW usually slows the tidal process for approximately 4 h, which can provide important information that the pumping operation along the MW to store freshwater in the backup storages needs to be at least 3 days ahead of the spring tide so as to avoid serious impact from saltwater intrusion; (3) the length of saltwater intrusion generally decreases with increasing river discharge. In 2005, 2009 and 2010, the average river discharge from upstream was 2680, 2630 and 3160 m3/s, respectively, with corresponding average lengths of saltwater intrusion of 32.7, 42.3 and 21.4 km. The inverse correlation between the water flow and the length of saltwater intrusion may provide some guidance for operations to maintain enough upstream flow to dilute the salinity and therefore satisfy the domestic water supply. 相似文献
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通过长系列实测水文、地形资料分析,钱塘江河口上段河床具有大冲大淤和洪冲潮淤的演变特性,影响河口上段的潮汐强弱,进而影响盐水入侵。若年内丰水期径流量大,则河床出现“大冲”,河床容积增大,潮汐增强,导致秋季强潮期盐水入侵加剧;反之,若年内丰水期径流量小,河床容积较小,导致秋季强潮期盐水入侵减弱。结果表明,钱塘江径流对盐水入侵存在直接和间接影响:直接影响是盐水入侵与径流量成反比;间接影响是通过径流冲刷河床,引起潮汐增大,间接导致盐水入侵加剧,这是钱塘江河口大冲大淤以及对潮汐巨大反作用的特性造成的。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲水系属于典型的潮汐河网,水流同时受到地表径流及沿海潮位的双重影响。自20世纪80年代以来,该水系大规模的人工挖沙导致了水文条件、河床演变自然进程的较大变化。根据潮汐河网的水力特性,建立了用于模拟水位、流量时空变化的一维河网水动力数学模型,并根据由灰色模型预测的因挖沙引起的未来年份的河床演变情况,分别预测分析了不同水平年在丰水期、枯水期两种代表水情下的水系水位、流量变化情况。并对由此可能产生的对环境的影响进行了初步分析。 相似文献