共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 262 毫秒
1.
Oldřich Novotný 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1976,114(5):765-774
Summary Three methods of computing the partial derivatives of dispersion curves are briefly described and compared: numerical differentiation, variational methods and an implicit function method. 相似文献
2.
The dispersion relation for Love waves in a layer on a half-space is modified by introducing the wave number and its square instead of the phase velocity. The implicit function theorem is then used to derive the analytical formulae for the group velocity and for the phase- and group-velocity partial derivatives with respect to the parameters of the medium. The formulae are compared with those obtained by Novotný (1971) where the traditional formulation of the dispersion relation was used. 相似文献
3.
Summary The properties of the partial derivatives of dispersion curves, amplitudes and theoretical seismograms, in particular the occurrence of short-period phases, are studied on four crustmantle models. The individual models differ in the number of low-velocity channels. The fundamental and first higher mode of Love waves are studied in detail. 相似文献
4.
The dispersion relation for Rayleigh waves in a layer on a half-space is modified by introducing the quadratic wave number instead of the phase velocity. The implicit function theorem is then used to derive analytical formulae for the group velocity and for the phase- and group velocity partial derivatives with respect to the parameters of the medium. As two examples, the method is applied to the interpretation of dispersion curves for short-period Rayleigh waves observed in a sedimentary basin of the West Carpathians, and in the Moravo-Silesian region, Czech Republic. 相似文献
5.
O'Leary González Leonardo Alvarez Mariangela Guidarelli Giuliano F. Panza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):1985-2007
An overview of the crust and upper mantle structure of Central America and the Caribbean region is presented as a result of
the processing of more than 200 seismograms recorded by digital broadband stations from SSSN and GSN seismic networks. Group
velocity dispersion curves are obtained in the period range from 10s to 40s by FTAN analysis of the fundamental mode of the
Rayleigh waves; the error of these measurements varies from 0.06 and 0.09 km/s. From the dispersion curve, seven tomographic
maps at different periods and with average spatial resolution of 500 km are obtained. Using the logical combinatorial classification
techniques, eight main groups of dispersion curves are determined from the tomographic maps and eleven main regions, each
one characterized by one kind of dispersion curves, are identified. The average dispersion curves obtained for each region
are extended to 150s by adding data from a larger-scale tomographic study (Vdovin et al., 1999) and inverted using a nonlinear procedure. A set of models of the S-wave velocity vs. depth in the crust and upper
mantle is found as a result of the inversion process. In six regions we identify a typically oceanic crust and upper mantle
structure, while in the other two the models are consistent with the presence of a continental structure. Two regions, located
over the major geological zones of the accretionary crust of the Caribbean region, are characterized by a peculiar crust and
upper mantle structure, indicating the presence of lithospheric roots reaching, at least, about 200 km of depth. 相似文献
6.
《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(2):409-416
Making use of 75 earthquake data of China mainland and adjacent areas recorded by long period seismometers of 27 stations
of China and 3 stations of WWSSN and processed by match-filtering frequency-time analysis technique and grid dispersion inversion,
the authors obtain pure-path dispersion curves of Rayleigh surface wave in 147 grids in this paper.
The distribution characteristics of group velocity are as follows:the China mainland and its adjacent sea areas are divided
into two parts of east and west by South-North belt and are separated in blocks of south and north with boundaries of 44°–44°N,28°N
(in the west part) and 28°–32°N (in the east part), the first and third boundaries may extend eastward into sea regions, in
the west side of island arc and continental shelves, appears belt-form distribution of group velocity striping NE direction.
These distribution characteristics correspond to zonation of tectonic structure. In addition, the results also indicate that
the differences of group velocity dispersion curves exist between tectonic elements of next order. It is revealable for the
differences of group velocity among different tectonic elements until periodT = 113s (corresponding depth is about 170km).
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 32–38, 1993. 相似文献
7.
The optimization inversion method based on derivatives is an important inversion technique in seismic data processing, where
the key problem is how to compute the Jacobian matrix. The computational precision of the Jacobian matrix directly influences
the success of the optimization inversion method. Currently, most of the AVO (amplitude versus offset) inversions are based
on approximate expressions for the Zoeppritz equations to obtain the derivatives of the seismic wave reflection coefficients
(SWRCs) with respect to the stratum parameters. As a result, the computational precision and range of applications of these
AVO inversions are restricted undesirably. In order to improve the computational precision and to extend the range of applications
of AVO inversions, the partial derivative equations of the Zoeppritz equations are established, with respect to the ratios
of wave velocities and medium densities. By solving the partial derivative equations of the Zoeppritz equations accurately,
we obtained the partial derivative of SWRCs with respect to the ratios of seismic wave velocities and medium densities. With
the help of the chain rule for derivatives, the gradient of the SWRCs can be accurately computed. To better understand the
behavior of the gradient of the SWRCs, we plotted the partial derivative curves of the SWRCs, analyzed the characteristics
of these curves, and gained some new insight into the derivatives. Because only a linear system of equations is solved in
our method without adding any new restrictions, the new computational method has both high precision and a quick running speed;
it is not only suitable for small incident angles and weak reflection seismic waves but also for large incident angles and
strong reflection seismic waves. With the theoretical foundations established in the article, we can further study inversion
problems for layered stratum structures and we can further improve the computational speed and precision of the inversions. 相似文献
8.
本文使用适配滤波频时分析技术首次对中国数字地震台网的中长周期面波记录进行处理,获得穿过东南地区的82条勒夫波频散数据.使用随机反演理论,获得了东南沿海地区4°×4°网格的纯路径频散数据.这些频散的周期为1.95-68.27s,弥补了长周期面波所不能分辨的浅层结构.在网格反演的基础上,使用Harkrider的面波及演程序得出了中国东南地区的地壳和上地幔结构,浅部可分辨到1km,深部可达80km.在分辨率保证的前提下得出东南地区深至80km的三维剪切波速度结构. 相似文献
9.
Einar Iversen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,148(1-2):287-317
The motivation for this paper is to provide expressions for first-order partial derivatives of reflection point coordinates, taken with respect to model parameters. Such derivatives are expected to be useful for processes dealing with the problem of estimating velocities for depth migration of seismic data.The subject of the paper is a particular aspect of ray perturbation theory, where observed parameters—two-way reflection time and horizontal components of slowness, are constraining the ray path when parameters of the reference velocity model are perturbed. The methodology described here is applicable to general rays in a 3D isotropic, heterogeneous medium. Each ray is divided into a shot ray and a receiver ray, i.e., the ray portions between the shot/receiver and the reflection point, respectively. Furthermore, by freezing the initial horizontal slowness of these subrays as the model is perturbed,elementary perturbation quantities may be obtained, comprising derivatives of ray hit positions within theisochrone tangent plane, as well as corresponding time derivatives. The elementary quantities may be estimated numerically, by use of ray perturbation theory, or in some cases, analytically. In particular, when the layer above the reflection point is homogeneous, explicit formulas can be derived. When the elementary quantities are known,reflection point derivatives can be obtained efficiently from a set of linear expressions.The method is applicable for a common shot, receiver or offset data sorting. For these gather types, reflection point perturbationlaterally with respect to the isochrone is essentially different. However, in theperpendicular direction, a first-order perturbation is shown to beindependent of gather type.To evaluate the theory, reflection point derivatives were estimated analytically and numerically. I also compared first-order approximations to true reflection point curves, obtained by retracing rays for a number of model perturbations. The results are promising, especially with respect to applications in sensitivity analysis for prestack depth migration and in velocity model updating. 相似文献
10.
声波方程数值模拟已广泛应用于理论地震计算,同时构成了地震逆时偏移成像技术的基础.对于有限差分法而言,在满足一定的稳定性条件时,普遍存在着因网格化而形成的数值频散效应.如何有效地缓解或压制数值频散是有限差分方法研究的关键所在.有限差分格式分为显式有限差分和隐式有限差分.隐式有限差分能够进一步压制数值频散效应.因此本文提出了给定频率范围满足时间-空间域隐式有限差分频散关系的方法,并根据震源频率、波速和网格间距确定波数范围,在此基础上建立方程确定了相应的隐式有限差分系数,使得差分系数能在更大频率范围符合波场传播规律.通过频散分析和正演模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
11.
Experimental dispersion curves of Rayleigh and Love waves along the Uppsala-Prague profile have been determined using records of several Italian earthquakes. To interpret the dispersion data, results of previous geophysical investigations in this region were first analyzed. Seven blocks of the crust and upper mantle were distinguished along the profile on the basis of deep seismic sounding and other seismic data. Layered models were proposed for these blocks. Computation of Rayleigh and Love waves shows a large differentiation of theoretical dispersion curves for the northern (Precambrian) and southern (Palaeozoic) part of the profile. A laterally inhomogeneous model for theUppsala - Prague profile, composed of the seven blocks, satisfies the surface wave data for the profile. Moreover, a mean layered model for the whole profile has also been proposed. 相似文献
12.
交错网格方法（SG）和最优近似解析离散化方法（ONADM）是两类典型的地震波场数值模拟方法.两类方法各有其优势,相对于ONADM方法,SG方法在单个时间层内的计算更为简单;相对于SG方法,ONADM方法可以在较大空间步长条件下有效压制数值频散.结合两种方法的优势,本文提出了一种新的地震波场模拟方法（SG-ONADM）.该方法对控制方程中的一阶偏导数采用SG方法给出的一阶偏导数近似公式,高阶偏导数采用ONADM方法给出的高阶偏导数逼近公式.理论分析及数值算例表明,SG-ONADM方法保留了两种方法的优势,不仅能在较大空间步长条件下有效压制数值频散,同时具有较低的内存需求量;在对同一计算区域进行波场模拟时,SG-ONADM方法的计算效率要高于SG方法和ONADM方法.最后,我们使用SG-ONADM方法进行黏滞声波波场模拟,研究了黏滞声波在复杂介质中的传播. 相似文献
13.
利用中国HIA台和哈撒克斯坦BRVK台的甚宽频地震仪记录的2011年日本MW9.0大地震及3次MW6——7强余震数据, 采用互相关法提取了双台间的瑞雷波群速度频散曲线．研究发现, 对于同一台记录的大地震和强余震激发的瑞雷波, 其主要能量的周期范围明显不同, MW9.0大地震面波主要能量周期长(70 s以上), 而强余震面波的主要能量周期相对较短（10——50 s）．单独利用大地震数据无法提取60 s以下的群速度频散, 而单独利用强余震数据无法提取100 s以上频散．将双台记录的特大地震、强余震数据进行互相关叠加, 可以提取出较为可靠的宽频带瑞雷波群速度频散曲线（10——200 s）． 相似文献
14.
研究了中、新生界沉积层所覆盖的我国西北各沉积盆地：准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地，以及一系列中小型盆地和其邻近地域的深部岩石层三维速度结构，探讨其和造山带与油气田的关系．使用了适配滤波频时分析方法，分析了我国数字台网的中长周期瑞利面波资料，计算得到２５７条混合路径的面波群速度频散．利用改进的分格随机反演理论与方法，从混合路径中提取了１００条频散突出路径的４°×４°网格单元的纯路径频散，并反演研究区的三维Ｓ波速度结构．频散的周期从１．９５ｓ到１５１．７ｓ，浅部分辨率可达１ｋｍ，得出了该区深达２００ｋｍ范围内三维瑞利波群速度的分布与特征．所得结果表明：塔里木盆地、哈密－吐鲁番盆地、伊宁盆地以及藏北地区的羌塘盆地具有较好的油气前景．我国西北邻国接壤地带，也均为良好的油气盆地潜在地带． 相似文献
15.
对于在Rayleigh波勘探中经常提取到的多模式频散曲线,如何在理论上对其特征进行描述是一个很有意义的问题. 本文根据Rayeigh波频散方程中传递矩阵具有的高频近似特征,提出了传递矩阵的高频近似分解公式,据此导出了频散方程的高频近似分解公式,并在此基础上,定义了Rayleigh波的4种基本模式(R模、S模、R型周期模和S型周期模). 根据频散方程具有的周期性特征,给出了周期模频散曲线之间的平均间隔近似公式,以及在任意频率和相速度段内频散方程根的数目（即多模式的激发数目）的预测公式. 在这些结果的基础上,本文最后提出了频散方程数值搜根的一种新方法. 相似文献
16.
Determination of Porosity and Permeability out of Dispersion Analyses of Borehole Wall Displacements
Waves carried in the borehole can be measured by the use of controlled sources inside the borehole and receivers located in
the same borehole as well. This article gives the theoretical background and develops a new method to determine rock-physical
parameters out of such controlled measurements of waves carried inside the borehole. Theoretical dispersion curves of the
group velocities are matched to dispersion analyses of registrations obtained in the borehole. This inversion process intends
to determine the in situ porosity and permeability of the rock. 相似文献
17.
Summary Every electromagnetic seismograph provides a record in the high-frequency range proportional to the time integration of the ground displacement. An intentionally extending this part of the amplitude characteristic of the integrator can be achieved when the equivalent periods of the seismometer and galvanometer are equal by a suitable combination of the equivalent damping constants: for integrator A, D
1
=0.383 and D
2
=0.924, for integrator B, D
1
=D
2
=0.650. The partial constants required to carry this out are given in Tabs 1 and 2. The equivalent period of the system with a shorter partial period increases with increasing coupling, the most in comparison with broad-band seismographs with a constant sensitivity for displacement, velocity and acceleration. This is convenient for long-period seismographs, if the seismometer has a shorter partial period than the galvanometer. An extension of its effective period can be achieved without deteriorating the mechanical stability of the seismometer, however, the effective period of the galvanometer decreases simultaneously. 相似文献
18.
为了避免微动勘探技术中因忽略高阶模式瑞雷波而影响反演精度的不足,提出从微动面波中提取多模式瑞雷波频散曲线的映射式方法.该方法从微动信号入手,首先通过相关法提取多半径台阵的相关系数曲线,然后建立从多条相关系数曲线到多模式瑞雷波频散曲线的映射模型,最后采用分区拟合准则优化实现模型结构,达到提取微动面波中多模式瑞雷波频散曲线的目的.为验证方法的有效性,通过有限差分方法数值计算实际近表面应用中三种常见典型地质结构中的微动信号,采用映射式方法提取微动面波中多模式瑞雷波频散曲线,将提取结果和理论值进行对比分析.结果表明,映射式方法提取微动面波中多模式瑞雷波频散曲线可以满足反演地质结构的要求. 相似文献
19.
槽波地震勘探利用槽波的频散特性反演煤层的结构特征,故理论频散曲线的计算是一个重要方面.使用水平层状模型假设下的面波频散曲线计算方法能够计算煤层厚度恒定模型地震槽波频散曲线;但当煤层厚度变化时该方法不再适用.基于前人水平层状均匀介质模型的面波理论频散曲线计算方法,对于含煤三层模型,本文发展了煤层厚度变化情况下的地震槽波理论频散曲线计算方法,并使用该方法计算分析了不同厚度函数模型的频散曲线形态特征.研究表明：与稳定厚度煤层相比,煤层厚度变化使得地震槽波群速度成为与频率及传播射线在水平面投影路径相关的二元函数;射线路径上煤层厚度的变化使得频散曲线在群速度方向上压缩,群速度变化范围变小,且使处于最小值位置的埃里相群速度增大;而煤层厚度的线性变化模型频散曲线只与射线首、尾处的煤层厚度有关,与煤层厚度恒定模型相比,曲线形态不发生改变;煤层厚度呈非线性变化时,频散曲线形态上可能发生改变. 相似文献
20.
本文对Wiggins方法提出两点改进,(1)半空间本征函数选为四个特定的指数函数的线性组合。(2)用求系数向量的基础解系的方法处理边界条件。改进后的方法比较合理,而且适用于各种纵向变速介质的地震面波频散和偏导数的计算。 相似文献