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1.
居民环境感知是其环境行为为基础,研究居民属性对环境问题感知的影响,对煤矿区的环境保护社会措施的实施有重要参考意义。彬长矿区是国家重点产煤区,但其环境问题非常严重。通过实地访谈和407份有效问卷的统计,利用秩和检验等方法,探讨了居民对环境问题的感知和调适行为的影响因素,主要结论是：（1）矿区居民对环境普遍不满,他们认为大气污染最严重,其次是环境卫生、噪音和水污染,最后是塌陷和地裂缝。环境问题的最主要原因由采煤和煤炭加工;（2）在居民属性与环境问题感知方面发现：性别对大气污染、水污染、塌陷和地裂缝的感知有明显的影响。年龄属性对大气污染、水污染、噪音污染、塌陷和地裂缝的感知均有显著正向影响。文化程度属性对大气污染、塌陷和地裂缝的感知有显著负向影响。职业属性对各类环境问题的感知均有显著影响。居住时间对噪音污染感知没有显著影响,对其他感知有显著正向影响。居住空间在居民对矿区环境问题的感知上具有显著性负向影响。研究结果可以为矿区的环境治理、政策制定等提供参考 相似文献
2.
陕西省铜川矿区居民对环境问题的感知 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕西省铜川矿区王石凹矿的资源丰富,但环境问题严重。通过实地调查和490份有效问卷的统计,利用秩和检验等方法,探讨了对居民环境问题感知的影响因素。主要结论是:①矿区居民对居住环境普遍不满意,他们认为最严重的环境问题是水污染。产生环境问题的最主要原因是采煤。②在居民属性与环境问题感知方面发现:性别对大气污染的感知有明显的影响。年龄和居住时间对塌陷和地裂缝的感知有显著影响。居民居住地点对矿区环境问题的感知均具有显著性差异。 相似文献
3.
游客生态旅游认知及其对环境管理措施的态度——以井冈山风景区为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以井冈山风景区为例,采用问卷调查和统计分析方法,研究了游客的生态旅游认知及其对环境管理措施的态度,并分析两者之间的相关性。结果表明:游客对生态旅游"基于自然"、"旅游对象受到保护"、"环境教育"认知率较高,对"社区利益"的认知率尚低,且不同类型游客对生态旅游认知不同。游客对"对环境负责任"、"保护环境资源"、"注意环境影响"、"重视环境教育"、"尊重地方文化"五类旅游环境管理措施持积极态度,但对"加强游客管理"的措施持消极态度。而且生态旅游的认知与某些生态旅游环境管理态度也直接相关,认识到生态旅游"基于自然"、"旅游对象受到保护"以及"社区利益"的游客更认同"重视环境教育"的环境管理措施。最后,还就提高生态旅游认知和加强生态旅游区环境管理提出了具体建议。 相似文献
4.
Homestay tourism has begun to flourish throughout the country, becoming a model of tourism innovation and upgrading, and attracting increasing amounts of capital. Through the collection and analysis of tourist questionnaire data for key cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and based on the theory of tourists' perceived value,18 factors related to the perception of homestay tourism are examined. Through exploratory factor analysis, three main factors of facilities and environment perception, cultural experience perception and service value perception are extracted. Then, from the perspectives of each of these perceptions, this study determines the degree of support for homestay tourism development in the Yangtze River Delta, obtains the key factors that affect the development of homestay tourism, and constructs a structural equation model of tourist perception and the degree of homestay tourism support. By calculating the regression path of the structural equation, the standardized path coefficients of the facilities and environment perception, cultural experience perception and service value perception are found to be 0.724, 0.813 and 0.692, respectively. These three factors have a significant impact on the development of homestay tourism agglomeration. Positive facilities and environmental perception can effectively support the development of homestay tourism, while the cultural experience perception provides its basic condition, and the service value perception constitutes an important factor of homestay tourism development. To better guide the development of homestay tourism, attention must be paid to developing the tourism facilities and environment, to cultivating tourism cultural experiences, and to improving of tourism service value. 相似文献
5.
通勤是大部分城市就业者日常工作所必须面对的问题。相比宏观层面的城市建成环境,微观层面的邻里环境感知及个体健康与通勤模式选择的联系更为密切。以南京市主城区8个社区为案例地,利用结构方程模型探究邻里环境感知与个体健康对城市就业者通勤模式选择的影响。首先借助问卷调查数据,将通勤模式分为积极通勤、公共交通通勤、电动车/摩托车通勤以及小汽车通勤四类;其次使用因子分析法确定邻里环境感知的潜变量,并将个体健康分为身体健康、心理健康与健康行为3个潜变量;最后构建结构方程模型的理论框架并进行实证分析。研究发现：① 邻里环境感知变量中服务设施感知、环境品质感知对通勤模式选择存在显著的直接效应,交通安全感知对通勤模式选择存在显著的间接效应。② 个体健康变量中,心理健康与健康行为对通勤模式选择存在显著的直接效应。③ 通勤距离与社会经济属性对通勤模式选择存在显著的直接效应,同时社会经济属性对通勤模式选择亦存在显著的间接效应。基于研究结果,提出有效提升就业者对于社区环境的主观感受,进而提高就业者参与健康行为的意愿与就业者的健康水平,从而引导其选择更加健康和绿色的通勤模式。 相似文献
6.
北京城市建成环境对犯罪行为和居住安全感的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
犯罪地理学领域存在“街道眼”理论、防卫空间理论、破窗理论、环境设计预防犯罪等多种观点,但在开放与封闭谁更有益、设计与管理谁更重要、以及客观犯罪行为与主观安全感知的影响机制差异等问题上仍有争议。本文整合北京市的大样本调查、刑事案件及空间数据,系统探究城市建成环境对犯罪行为和居住安全感的影响。研究发现：① 社区出入控制有助于提升居住安全感,并能抑制小尺度上的犯罪活动,但封闭式居住小区存在犯罪现象的“挤出效应”,无法有效削减较大空间尺度上的犯罪总量。② 人流活动密集、城市功能集中、可渗透性较好的开放性空间对增进居住安全感具有正面影响,但由于为罪犯提供了更多作案对象和逃逸机会,助长了犯罪活动的发生。③ 城市环境的管理维护比设计建设环节更能增进居住安全感,也是在较大尺度上阻遏犯罪行为的关键手段。 相似文献
7.
文章构建外部建成环境、内部建成环境、社区综合感知、社区凝聚力、个体特征5个维度15个概念变量的分析框架,基于西安市企业社区建成环境兴趣点（POI）数据与社会调查数据,建立多层线性回归模型并进行中介效应检验,定量探究企业社区老年居民幸福感的建成环境影响。研究发现：企业社区老年居民幸福感整体水平一般,李克特5分制量表下平均得分为3.54。与日常生活密切相关的风景类、医疗类、公共设施类等外部环境场所的可达性是老年居民幸福感的促进因子,老年居民对居住条件、社区绿化配置、内部道路和景观的主观感知以及对社区的综合感知正向影响幸福感;社区综合感知在设施POI类型的熵指数、公共设施类场所可达性对老年居民幸福感的影响中发挥中介作用。最后,提出风景绿地空间建设、医疗服务站点完善与公共设施场所服务质量提升,以及居住环境优化、住房条件改善与社区养老护理机构建设等方面的建成环境改进建议。 相似文献
8.
ALAN B DIXON 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(4):306-323
Much research in recent years has addressed the contribution of indigenous knowledge (IK) to development initiatives in developing countries. An IK system that continuously evolves and adapts in response to environmental and socio-economic change is often considered to be at the core of sustainable natural resource management practices and rural livelihoods. In the context of indigenous wetland management in western Ethiopia, this paper examines the relationship between IK and wetland sustainability, focusing on the mechanisms through which IK evolves and how local adaptive capacity is built up. A series of participatory research activities undertaken in four wetland communities revealed spatial variations in the degree of innovation and communication taking place. The paper argues that these mechanisms are key factors influencing adaptive capacity, suggesting a key link between wetland sustainability and the occurrence of innovation and communication among communities. 相似文献
9.
本研究以马蜂窝和TripAdvisor（猫途鹰）两大旅游网站上的网络游记为研究样本，结合内容分析法和扎根理论分析方法对中国出境游客对马来西亚安全感知的内容与影响因素进行研究。研究结果表明：（1）结合高频词及其语义网络分析发现游客对马来西亚的安全感知主要表现为地点、人员、行为、心理四个方面。（2）影响游客安全感知的因素从高到低依次为管-人-环-机，其中管理因素是影响中国游客对马来西亚安全感知最为主要的因素，集中表现为环境氛围差、人文氛围体验不佳、治安混乱、监管不到位。个人因素、环境因素和设施因素分别表现为个人疏忽、天气异常、设施设备不完善。最后从马来西亚政府应联合整治旅游市场秩序，马来西亚旅游企业需加大旅游安全投入和游客要提高个人安全防范意识及应急技能三个方面提出了塑造马来西亚旅游安全形象和降低中国公民出境旅游风险的建议。 相似文献
10.
煤矿区居民的环境污染感知——以陕西省韩城矿区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择陕西省韩城矿区的下峪口矿和燎原矿为研究区域,通过实地访谈和454份有效问卷,利用秩和检验等统计方法,探讨了居民对环境污染的感知的影响因素。主要结论是:(1)矿区居民对环境普遍不满意,他们认为最严重的环境污染是大气污染,其次是噪音污染。矿区环境污染的最主要原因是煤炭加工(洗选、炼焦),采煤并不是最主要的环境污染原因。(2)在居民属性与环境污染感知方面发现:性别对环境污染的感知无明显的影响。年龄和居住时间对大气污染、水污染和噪音污染的感知有显著正向影响。文化程度对水污染、噪音污染和环境卫生感知有显著负向影响,这与文化集团性有关。居住空间对水污染和噪音污染有显著负向影响,说明水污染和噪音污染感知表现出空间层次性。研究结果可以为矿区的环境治理、政策制定等提供参考。 相似文献
11.
The Perception and Impact of Natural Hazards on Fishing Communities of Kutubdia Island,Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Natural hazards lead to unexpected and often dire situations for people who have few resources and little control over the environment in which they live. Kutubdia, an island in the southeastern part of Bangladesh, experiences frequent natural hazards that impact the livelihoods of its people and put them in vulnerable situations. The research elaborated here is the result of 300 household surveys collected from persons in Kutubdia's fishing communities. The surveys investigated the perception and consequences of natural hazards on the fishing communities. The results indicated that the experience of natural hazards—cyclones, erosion, and flooding are examples—have increased over the years. Coastal erosion displaced seventy‐two (24 percent) fishers, forcing them to relocate their houses several times and imposing multiple challenges on their lives. Literacy was not associated with perceptions of environmental changes or changes in fishing. However, young fishers—less than forty years of age—perceived that environmental changes had affected fish catch more than their older colleagues. 相似文献
12.
An ecosystem approach for determining environmental water allocations in Australian dryland river systems: the role of geomorphology 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The allocation of water for environmental purposes is a key management issue in many dryland regions. Many different methods have been developed for determining environmental water requirements but these are not directly applicable to dryland rivers because of inherent flow and habitat variability. An ecosystem approach for determining environmental water allocations in dryland regions is presented in this paper. This four-step process involves (1) a hierarchical characterisation of the river system, to assess what mesohabitats are present and where they are located; (2) the determination of flows that would inundate these habitats and perform other key ecological processes; (3) hydrological analyses in which the key hydrological signatures of the river are identified and the impact of water resource development on these is determined; and (4) the derivation of a water management decision tree that enables managers to allocate water to consumptive users during individual flood pulses (events). It is recommended that the flood pulse should be the focus for environmental flow management in dryland regions. If rivers are indeed nested hierarchies, then a change in hydrological behaviour at the scale of a flood pulse will, with time, extend throughout the hydrological hierarchy. Current environmental flow management strategies in dryland river systems are essentially focused at the flow regime and history scale; this is inappropriate given the inherent flow variability of these systems. The ecosystem approach is outlined for the Condamine-Balonne River, a large dryland system in Australia. 相似文献
13.
Jesse Abrams Erin C. Pischke Amarella Eastmond Chelsea A. Silva Cassandra Moseley 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(5):548-565
Rural communities worldwide are increasingly confronted with the simultaneous impacts of environmental change dynamics and processes of economic restructuring that diminish traditional sources of state support while shifting investments toward large-scale intensive production models. A key question in this context is how livelihoods are affected by these interacting forces of change and whether new production models can contribute to resilience at the household and community scales. Here we examine the impacts of oil palm production on marginal rural communities in Mexico that have experienced both the economic changes associated with neoliberal policy reforms and the dynamics of environmental change. We find that oil palm production can contribute to livelihood resilience when community members participate in its management and governance and when production is associated with state support, but that the kinds of neoliberal policies promoting oil palm expansion may exacerbate existing community vulnerabilities in the face of environmental change. 相似文献
14.
多层次灰色评价方法在旅游者感知研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
旅游者感知是旅游者通过感官获得的对旅游地的旅游对象、旅游环境条件等信息的心理过程。旅游者感知评价涉及的因素很多,评价信息的不完备性和不确切性,决定了感知评价的灰色性,针对这一特点,将层次分析法和灰色理论相结合进行旅游者感知的综合评价。首先分析了影响旅游者感知的关键因素,并在此基础上构建了旅游者感知评价指标体系;然后运用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重;最后依据评价模型以大桂林旅游圈的五个主要旅游地为例,对旅游者感知进行了综合评价。实证研究表明,旅游者感知的多层次灰色评价所得结果客观、可信,能够为旅游地的规划、管理和营销提供决策的依据。 相似文献
15.
M.A. Adewole Osunade 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1995,15(2):157-170
This paper argues for the incorporation of community environmental knowledge systems in modem land resource surveys. Such surveys, usually carried out by specialists from outside traditional communities, oftem do not incorporate the communities’ concepts and knowledge which modulate land use practices. They are therefore not helpful to the small farmers who are the primary land users. Recent studies have confirmed the viability of indigenous knowledge systems. In Swaziland, the farmers’ concepts of soil and slope unit systems have been validated and are found to be similar to the modem survey concepts of “soil series” and “land slope”. They have also employed other land attributes (such as animal life and vegetation elements) as indicators of land quality. The time has come when land resource surveys must take account of such indigenous knowledge systems so that the goals of improved land management and increased production may be achieved. 相似文献
16.
In the Murrumbidgee catchment of the Murray-Darling Basin, wetlands, rivers and other waterscapes are important features of Country for Aboriginal peoples. The Murrumbidgee River is the most heavily regulated river system in the Murray-Darling Basin. Discussion around the use of Murrumbidgee water is framed as a conflict between sustaining rural communities and using water to support ecological values, yet the voices of Aboriginal custodians are relatively unheard in this discussion. Using culturally important wetland plants as a starting point, this paper explores the understanding and perception of some Aboriginal people in relation to their Country and water. The grief of participants as they experience the degradation of their Country was palpable. The strong message that Country should be considered in its entirety—including ecological, social and cultural aspects—contrasts with current ownership and other institutional arrangements. Improving opportunities for communities and water managers to share knowledge and information, an openness to use Aboriginal wisdom, and careful ongoing management of environmental and cultural water have the potential to achieve positive cultural and ecological outcomes in the Murrumbidgee. 相似文献
17.
社区恢复力研究进展及其地理学研究议题 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
随着人口、资源与环境的矛盾日益加深,灾害已成为可持续发展的重要障碍。在这一背景下,恢复力成为推动社会经济系统可持续发展的新理念和新范式。恢复力研究的范式也由早期的生态恢复力逐渐转向社区恢复力的研究。现有的社区恢复力研究成果主要集中在概念内涵探索、影响因素识别、基于客观指标和基于行动者感知的社区恢复力测度等方面。迄今尚未形成公认的可接受的社区恢复力理论框架;对普通乡村社区研究较多,对特定资源依赖型社区恢复力研究较少;对突发性自然灾害对社区恢复力的影响研究较多,对其他灾害和危机对社区恢复力的影响研究较少;社区恢复力测度方法的适用性和科学性仍待加强;社区恢复力关键影响因素的作用机制仍需进一步探索。在此基础上,提出从地理学视角研究社区恢复力的主要议题,包括社区恢复力的形成机制及其区域差异、动态演变过程、影响因素的作用机理、基于人地关系的社区恢复力感知量表以及具有尺度效应的社区恢复力测度指数等。 相似文献
18.
绿色环境暴露对居民心理健康的影响研究——以南京为例 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
绿色环境暴露对心理健康的影响长期以来都受到国内外不同领域学者的关注,但从个体与环境交互的角度关注衡量个体对环境实际感知的研究较少。论文试图基于对居民视觉感知和时空活动等因素的考虑,结合机器学习等技术扩展绿色环境暴露的测度方式,并构建绿色环境暴露对心理健康影响的概念框架。同时,以南京为实证对象,运用结构方程模型对比分析绿地率、绿视率、绿色视觉暴露对心理健康影响的差异。研究发现,3种绿色环境暴露测度指标对心理健康均有显著正向影响,但影响程度和路径存在差异,建立更加综合的绿色环境暴露评价指标体系至关重要。主观建成环境可以作为绿视率和绿色视觉暴露对心理健康影响的中介变量,身体活动仅作为绿色视觉暴露影响心理健康的中介变量。研究拓展了绿色环境暴露对心理健康影响的研究框架,并对城市绿地系统的规划管理具有参考价值。 相似文献
19.
公共自行车作为一种新兴的公共交通方式,在全世界范围内迅速发展。本文采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,利用信息可视化软件CiteSpace对公共自行车出行的文献信息进行了分析,对该领域内高被引文献、热点关键词、热点期刊、热点研究区域、热点作者进行了梳理。主要结论为：①研究内容和研究方法日趋多元化。研究主题聚焦于公共自行车用户及出行特征,公共自行车出行的影响因素,公共自行车对其他交通方式以及健康、环境的影响。②不同地区公共自行车用户社会经济属性和出行特征存在差异。出行目的与公共自行车出行时空规律相关。③影响公共自行车出行的因素主要有用户感知、气象特征和建成环境。公共自行车出行对交通系统、城市环境及居民健康产生了积极影响。④中国公共自行车的发展实践需要从经营运作、规划管理、系统服务、宣传推广4个方面进行提升。 相似文献
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本研究基于社区衰退的过滤理论,建立重大事故影响下的社区衰退过滤机制概念模型,以南京市N社区为例,运用问卷调查、访谈、文本分析以及结构方程模型等方法,证明了社区衰退与过滤之间存在的自我强化以及相互强化的螺旋式反馈作用。内部机制上,社区衰退、邻里过滤既是环境感知的原因,又是行动决策的结果,满意度、忠诚度在环境感知和行动决策之间起中介作用;风险感知越强烈,社区依恋越低,迁居意愿更强,重大事故经历加深了事故背景内化程度。外部机制上,社区衰退与邻里过滤建立在低收入群体与住房市场变化的基础之上;重大事故对地区房价带来直接冲击。本研究综合考虑经济社会慢性压力和生产事故突发性冲击对社区的影响,从影响居民决策的微观视角出发,剖析了重大事故影响下社区衰退的过滤机制,是对社区衰退研究的新探索。同时,从激发“呼吁”这一行动决策角度,提出社区忠诚度培育有助于工人社区抵抗多重压力扰动、提升社区韧性。 相似文献