where k (M− 2 s− 1) can be determined from the
in the pH range 2 to 5, from 5 to 40 °C and 0.01 to 1 M.The effect of pH and ionic strength on the reaction suggest that the rates are due to
where H2A = H2CrO4, HA = HCrO4, H2B = H2SO3 and HB = HSO3. The overall rate expression over the investigated pH range can be determined from
k=kH2A–H2B(αH2A)(αH2B)2+kHA–H2B(αHA)(αH2B)2+kH2A–HB(αH2A)(αHB)2
with kH2A−H2B = 5.0 × 107, kHA–H2B = 1.5 × 106 and kH2A–HB = 6.7 × 107.Fe(III) in the range 1.5 to 20 μM exerts a small catalytic effect on the reaction and significantly lowers the initial concentration of Cr(VI) compared to the nominal value. Contrary to Fe(III), formaldehyde (20 to 200 μM) reacts with S(IV) to form the hydroxymethanesulfonate adduct (CH2OHSO3), which does not react with Cr(VI). Major cations Mg2+ and some minor elements such as Ba2+ and Cu2+ did not affect the rates. The application of this rate law to environmental conditions suggest that this reaction may have a role in acidic solutions (aerosols and fog droplets). This reaction becomes more important in the presence of high Fe(III) and low HMS concentrations, contributing to affect the atmospheric transport of chromium species and the distribution of redox species of chromium, which reach surface water from atmospheric depositions.  相似文献   

13.
Pleistocene Ross seal (ommatophoca Rossi) from New Zealand (note)     
Judith E. King 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):391-397
A fossil seal jaw from the Early Pleistocene (Wanganui Series; Hautawan Stage) of Napier, New Zealand, is identified as that of an Ommatophoca rossi juvenile of less than 1.8 m body length.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)     
Peter C.  Dworschak 《Marine Ecology》1988,9(1):51-77
Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. The life span of U, pusilla is over 5 years. Ovigerous females occurred between March and September. Egg numbers were high in spring, lower in summer and increased with body size. The incubation time of embryos was 35 days; a female produces an estimated number of three egg batches during the breeding season. A total annual production of 994 kJ was estimated for a theoretical population of 100 animals; 13.5 % is spent for somatic growth, 31 % for egg production of females, and 55.2% is lost as exuviae. The population structures, growth and breeding patterns, as well as embryonic and larval development within the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Leathery turtle (reptilia: Chelonia) in Foveaux Strait (note)     
D. Eggleston 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):522-523
Further records of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), augment earlier records and perhaps indicate that this species may be a regular visitor.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)     
Peter C.  Dworschak 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(4):337-358
Abstract. The distribution of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied at four sites in the North Adriatic Sea: 1) a tidal flat in the lagoon of Grado, 2) a tidal flat at Lido di Staranzano near the mouth of the Isonzo, 3) a mud flat seawards of a salt marsh in a protected bay north of Rovinj, and 4) a sublittoral station in 6m depth near Aurisina. Information on grain size distribution, organic content, amount of debris, redox profiles and pH of sediment as well as temperature and salinity is given. Density, as determined by hole counts and a hole: burrow relationship derived from resin casting, generally increased with increasing water depth in the intertidal. The upper limits ranged between +10cm (Rovinj) and -20cm (Grado); densities between mean water and low water level varied strongly due to microtopography and macrophyte cover. Maximum densities in the intertidal ranged from 189 (Grado) to 2420 (Rovinj, juveniles) animals m2. Shrimp density at the sublittoral station ranged between 80 and 230 m"2. The zonation of the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae with respect to environmental parameters is discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Juvenile form of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) (Pisces: Heterosomata: Rhombosoleinae) (note)     
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):575-579
A juvenile (26 mm) specimen of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) is figured and described. Differences between the juvenile and adult forms, and characters distinguishing juvenile C. nudipinnis from the young of other New Zealand species of flatfish, are noted.  相似文献   

20.
Arnoglossus boops (hector): A synonym of a. scapha (schneider) (pisces: Heterosomata: Bothidae)     
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):693-697
The unique holotype of Arnoglossus boops Hector is compared with specimens of Arnoglossus scapha (Schneider). It is concluded that the two species are identical, and that A. boops is therefore a junior synonym of A. scapha.  相似文献   

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1.
采用序批式实验,分别以活性污泥和颗粒污泥为吸附材料,考察接触时间、pH等因素对废水中Pb2+生物吸附效果的影响.结果表明,活性污泥和颗粒污泥对低浓度Pb2+(0~20 mg/L)能在30 min内达到吸附平衡,当Pb2+浓度在20~100 mg/L时,浓度越低,达到平衡时间越快,以被动吸附为主.在Pb2+低浓度条件下(0~20 mg/L),初始pH为4~5时,Pb2+的去除率达99%以上,且初始pH值是影响活性污泥和颗粒污泥生物吸附Pb2+的重要因素.活性污泥和颗粒污泥对Pb2+的生物吸附符合朗缪尔(Langmuir)方程,在pH为4及25 ℃下,活性污泥饱和吸附量为59.88 mg/g,颗粒污泥饱和吸附量为80.65 mg/g.因此,活性污泥和颗粒污泥可作为有效的生物吸附剂处理低浓度(0~20 mg/L)含铅废水,且颗粒污泥比活性污泥的生物吸附效果好.  相似文献   

2.
以黄河口海域表层沉积物为研究对象,研究沉积物对重金属Cu、Pb的吸附特性,将沉积物筛分为4种粒级,探讨粒度、pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂初始浓度对重金属吸附的影响。结果表明:沉积物粒径越小,对重金属的吸附量越大;吸附平衡时间有所差异,但在1.5h均能达到吸附平衡;吸附量均随pH值升高而逐渐增加,但铜的吸附较铅的吸附速度快;铜的吸附量与吸附剂初始浓度呈线性关系,而铅的吸附量在初始浓度较低时变化明显,随初始浓度增加吸附量增加减小;沉积物对铜吸附等温线符合Langmuir型,铅吸附等温线符合Freundlich型,吸附类型存在差异。重金属在沉积物中的吸附规律研究为黄河口海域污染调查及治理提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
为了探讨海带粉吸附剂工业运用的可能性,采用海藻酸钙包埋法对海带粉进行固定,在合适的反应条件下对Ni2+、Cu2、pb2+三种重金属离子进行吸附.采用二级动力学方程、Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程对吸附过程进行模拟.结果显示二级动力学方程能很好地对固定化海带粉吸附剂吸附Ni2+、Cu2+、pb2+过程进行拟合,平衡时的吸附量分别达到0.317 4、0.465 9、0.501 5 mg/g,对应的二级动力学常数为0.128、0.116、0.114 g/(mg·min),即三种离子的吸附速率Ni2+> Cu2+> Pb2+;Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程都能较好地模拟Ni2+、Cu2+、pb2+的吸附过程,根据Langmuir方程Ni2+、Cu2、pb2+的最大吸附量分别达到2.786、13.699、39.063 mg/g,即吸附效果pb2+>Cu2+> Ni2+,该实验对日后开发海藻生物吸附剂并将其大量制成应用产品有一定的意义.  相似文献   

4.
长江口沉积物对铅的吸附作用   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
模拟研究长江口悬浮沉积物对Pb的吸附作用,发现沉积物的吸附性能与其氧化铁和有机物等活性组份的含量密切相关,获得Langmuir型吸附等温线,测定饱和吸附容量和分配系数,结果表明,pH和盐度对吸附产生明显影响,吸附率与pH和盐度之间分别呈线性正相关和负相关关系。初步探讨吸附动力学特征,沉积物对Pb吸附化化学作用为主,与厦门港沉积物相似。  相似文献   

5.
采用负载镧的乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)交联壳聚糖微球对含氟水进行吸附处理.该吸附剂的适宜工作条件为:温度30~50℃,pH值7.0,吸附时间30 min.用吸附等温线描述了F-在吸附剂上的吸附平衡,并用动力学模型研究了其吸附动力学机制.结果表明:吸附剂对F-的吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Freundlich吸附等温线,饱和吸附容量为25.7mg·g-1;该吸附剂对F-的吸附既包含化学吸附又包含物理吸附过程,以单分子层的化学吸附为主;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附过程受化学吸附机理的控制,颗粒内扩散和液膜形成的边界层是其限速步骤.  相似文献   

6.
模拟长江口某些环境条件,用制备的水合氧化铁对Pb、Cu和Cd进行吸附实验,不同温度下的数据均符合Langmuir等温式.测定了各元素的饱和吸附量、吸附热、平衡常数及其他热力学参数.溶液pH对吸附有明显的影响,各元素均在一定的pH区间产生吸附突跃,吸附过程可用改进的M2+-H+表面化学交换模式说明.初步确定:水含氧化铁对Pb、Cu的吸附以化学作用为主;Cd的吸附则以静电作用为主.模拟结果与现场调查结果基本一致,进一步对吸附过程的热力学性质给予定量的描述.  相似文献   

7.
污水污泥对染料废水的吸附脱色性能研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
为探讨污泥的资源化利用和开发新型的染料废水吸附剂 ,在对污水污泥吸附处理染料废水的工艺条件进行优化的基础上 ,得到污水污泥对 3种染料 (中性橙、中性黑BL ,元青 )的最大吸附量及其吸附类型。结果表明 ,污泥焙烧温度、废水pH值和吸附时间对吸附效果有影响 ,而废水温度的变化则不会引起脱色率的较大改变。在最佳工艺条件 (污泥经 40 0℃焙烧 ,废水pH值为 1,吸附时间为 3 0min ,水温为 3 0℃ )下 ,3种染料废水的脱色率均达到 98% ,其最大吸附量都在 2 9mg·g-1左右 ,与活性炭的效果相当 ,而高于其它种类的吸附剂。焙烧后的污泥对中性黑BL的吸附符合Langmuir方程 ,对中性橙和元青的吸附符合Henry方程。焙烧污泥的优良脱色性能使其在染料废水处理方面具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
为了寻求性能良好、环保吸附剂,用于去除养殖水体中重金属Cu~(2+),作者利用蒙脱石负载羧乙基壳聚糖制备成复合吸附剂,并利用IR、SEM、XRD等手段分析其表面性能,将其用于处理Cu~(2+)溶液,考察了环境因子对其吸附性能的影响,并从吸附动力学和吸附热力学角度分析吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附机理,最后考察其再生利用效果。结果表明:羧乙基壳聚糖成功进入到蒙脱石层间;在羧乙基壳聚糖与蒙脱石质量比为1︰25、40℃恒温水浴搅拌60min、pH=6.0、最佳投加量为4.0g/L、处理浓度不超过30 mg/L Cu~(2+)溶液时,复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)去除率可以达到96.23%,将其用于淡水养殖鱼塘水体中, Cu~(2+)去除后可达到《渔业水质标准》规定;吸附剂对Cu~(2+)吸附热力学实验结果表明,符合Langmuir模型,反应过程为自发、吸热反应;吸附动力学结果表明该吸附符合准二级动力学方程,反应属于化学吸附;再生实验中NaOH的再生效果优于HCl。  相似文献   

9.
利用壳聚糖与香草醛反应生成的希夫碱壳聚糖(VCG),通过在其一级羟基上进行交联,制备出壳聚糖缩香草醛螯合树脂(S-VCG)。用红外光谱对其结构进行表征,并研究其对重金属离子Cu2 和Pb2 的吸附特性。结果表明:壳聚糖缩香草醛螯合树脂(S-VCG)对Cu2 的平衡吸附时间4h,最大吸附量的pH≈3.2,吸附量约为43.1mg/g,对Pb2 平衡吸附时间5h,最大吸附量的pH≈4,吸附量约为110mg/g。S-VCG具有较强的抗酸性。  相似文献   

10.
通过静态吸附实验,研究了酸碱度(pH)、两种重金属离子(Pb2+、Cd2+)单独及共同作用对棕壤吸附五氯酚(PCP)的影响。结果表明,棕壤对PCP的吸附量随溶液pH的升高而降低,且随Pb2+和Cd2+浓度的升高,吸附呈先下降后升高的趋势,Freundlich模型能较好的描述棕壤对PCP的吸附行为,吸附呈非线性。pH=4.0~5.9范围时,Pb2+促进棕壤对PCP的吸附,pH=5.9~10.0范围时,Pb2+抑制其吸附;pH=4.0~8.8范围时,Cd2+抑制棕壤对PCP的吸附,pH=8.8~10.0范围时,Cd2+促进其吸附。傅里叶变换红外光谱及紫外-可见光谱分析进一步表明,溶液中PCP与金属离子形成了复合离子(PCP-Me+),PCP-Me+的稳定常数以及金属离子和PCP的形态变化明显影响棕壤吸附PCP,离子强度的变化对PCP的吸附也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.  相似文献   

12.
The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with S(IV) were measured in deaerated NaCl solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength. The rates of the reaction were found to be first order with respect to Cr(VI) and second order with respect to S(IV), in agreement with previous results obtained at concentrations two order higher than the present study. The reaction also showed a first-order dependence of the rates on the concentration of the proton and a small influence of temperature with an apparent energy of activation ΔHapp of 22.8 ± 3.4 kJ/mol. The rates were independent of ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 M. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression
−d[Cr(VI)]/dt=k[Cr(VI)][S(IV)]2
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