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1.
AbstractSmall- and medium-sized basins are widely distributed, and some contain commercial gas reservoirs demonstrating their gas-generation potential. The Xuanhua Basin, which is a small-sized coal-bearing basin in north China, includes a promising target for shale-gas exploration in the Xiahuayuan Formation. In this study, we used this basin as a case study to assess the critical geochemical features for small or medium-sized basins to form commercial gas reservoirs. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, microscopic observation of macerals, vitrinite reflectance measurement and kerogen stable carbon isotope analysis were performed to characterise the organic geochemistry of the Xiahuayuan shales. The original total organic carbon (TOC o) content and hydrocarbon-generative potential ( S2o) were reconstructed to further evaluate the gas-generation potential of these shales. In addition, geochemical data of shales from other similar-sized basins with gas discoveries were compared. The results showed that the kerogen from the Xiahuayuan Formation is Type III (gas-prone), and macerals are dominated by vitrinite. TOC values showed a strong heterogeneity in the vertical profiles, with most higher than 1.5?wt%. The measured Ro values ranged from 1.4 to 2.0%. However, thermal maturity was not correlated with the present-day burial depth with higher maturity in the wells closest to the diabase intrusion centre. The remaining generation potential ( S2) averaged 0.91?mg HC/g rock, equal to 1.4?cm 3 CH 4/g rock, and the average amount of hydrocarbon generated was 4.33?cm 3 CH 4/g rock. In small and medium-sized basins, the TOC content of commercially developed gas shales ranged from 0.5 to 2.5?wt%, organic matter was mainly humic (gas-prone), and the burial depth was generally shallow. Biogenic gas reservoirs for commercial exploitation tend to have larger shale thicknesses (120–800?m) than thermogenic gas reservoirs (60–90?m). The Xiahuayuan Formation is a good gas-source rock with gas-prone kerogen type, relatively high TOC values and moderate thermal maturity. The average amount of hydrocarbon generated from the Xiahuayuan shales is about 4.33?cm3 CH4/g rock, indicating a potential to form a shale gas reservoir. Owing to the influence of diabase intrusions, the Xiahuayuan shales have entered the dry gas window at relatively shallow-buried depths. Small- and medium-sized basins have the potential to generate commercial gas reservoirs with the generated volume mainly a product of the thickness and maturity of black shales.
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2.
AbstractAn interpreted CA–IDTIMS age of 1642.2?±?3.9?Ma for a volcanogenic tuffaceous siltstone from the previously undated Fraynes Formation of the Birrindudu Basin in the northwestern Northern Territory enables a rigorous chronostratigraphic correlation to be made with the economically important Barney Creek Formation of the southern McArthur Basin. This result supports previous interpretations that these geographically widely separated formations are probably linked in the subsurface. It also establishes the stratigraphic interval encompassing the Fraynes and Barney Creek formations as a potential target for greenfields base metals and petroleum exploration programs across the greater McArthur Basin. - KEY POINTS
A new interpreted CA–IDTIMS age provides a chronostratigraphic link between the Fraynes Formation of the Birrindudu Basin and the economically important Barney Creek Formation of the southern McArthur Basin. The Fraynes and Barney Creek formations are probably linked in the subsurface. This stratigraphic level is a potential target for greenfields base metals and petroleum exploration across the greater McArthur Basin.
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3.
AbstractCoal measures located in marginal sea basins are important hydrocarbon source rocks. For the purpose of effectively guiding future oil and gas exploration, the characteristics and distribution patterns of coal seams in coal measures of a marginal sea basin are systematically outlined. Coal measures in marginal sea basins can have large thicknesses, but the individual coal seams can be very thin and lack lateral continuity. In the study area, the organic micro-components of the coal are dominated by vitrinite, with very low amounts of inertinite and liptinite. The amount of inorganic microscopic components is large, but with limited drilling results, few cores and thin coal seams, which are easily overlooked during logging activities, a comprehensive analysis of the logging data may improve efficiency in coal-seam identification and thickness determination. The development and distribution of coal seams in marginal sea basins are controlled by various factors, including (1) paleoclimatic and paleobotanic conditions, which could fundamentally limit coal formation, (2) coal-forming sedimentary environmental conditions that may limit the scope of coal-seam development from a macroscopic perspective, and (3) paleotectonic and paleotopographic conditions that define the coal-forming structures. Therefore, the descending and rising cycles of base-levels, along with changes in the growth rates of the accommodation spaces, can be used to determine the horizons that are potentially favourable for coal formation and can also indicate the migration trends of coal-forming environments on the structural plane. Seismic wave impedance inversion methods could be utilised for semi-quantitative assistance for prediction of coal seams. In summary, for models of coal-seam development in marginal sea basins, the grades should be divided according to reliability, and the different reliability levels should be predicted separately. The characteristics of coal seams developed in marginal sea basins are described. The macerals of coals developed in marginal sea basins have been ascertained. A development model and distribution prediction method for coal seams are assessed according to the control factors. A model for the prediction of coal-seam distribution is presented.
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4.
AbstractAcropolis is an Fe-oxide–copper–gold prospect ～20?km from Olympic Dam, South Australia, and marked by near-coincident gravity and magnetic anomalies. Prospective Fe-oxide–apatite?±?sulfide veins occur in Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic volcanic and granitoid host units beneath unmineralised sedimentary formations. We have produced a geological map and history of the prospect using data from 16 diamond drill holes, including LA-ICPMS and high-precision CA-TIMS ages. The oldest unit is megacrystic granite of the Donington Suite ( ca 1850?Ma). A non-conformity spanning ca 250 My separates the Donington Suite and felsic lavas and ignimbrites of the Gawler Range Volcanics (GRV; 1594.03?±?0.68?Ma). The GRV were intruded by granite of the Hiltaba Suite (1594.88?±?0.50?Ma) and felsic dykes (1593.88?±?0.56?Ma; same age as the Roxby Downs Granite at Olympic Dam). The felsic dykes are weakly altered and lack Fe-oxide–apatite–sulfide veins, suggesting that they post-date the main hydrothermal event. If correct, this relationship implies that the main hydrothermal event at Acropolis was ca 1594?Ma and pre-dated the main hydrothermal event at Olympic Dam. The GRV at Acropolis are the same age as the GRV at Olympic Dam and ca 3–7 My older than the GRV exposed in the Gawler Ranges. The gravity and magnetic anomalies coincide with sections through the GRV, Hiltaba Suite and Donington Suite that contain abundant, wide, Fe-oxide veins. The GRV, Hiltaba Suite and Donington Suite are unconformably overlain by the Mesoproterozoic Pandurra Formation or Neoproterozoic Stuart Shelf sedimentary formations. The Pandurra Formation shows marked lateral variations in thickness related to paleotopography on the underlying units and post-Pandurra Formation pre-Neoproterozoic faults. The Stuart Shelf sedimentary formations have uniform thicknesses. - KEY POINTS
Fe-oxide–apatite?±?sulfide veins are hosted by the Gawler Range Volcanics (1594.03?±?0.68?Ma), the Hiltaba Suite granite (1594.88?±?0.50?Ma) and Donington Suite granite (ca 1850?Ma). The age of felsic dykes (1593.88?±?0.56?Ma) interpreted to be post-mineralisation implies that the main hydrothermal event at Acropolis was ca 1594?Ma. The Gawler Range Volcanics at Acropolis are the same age as the Gawler Range Volcanics at Olympic Dam and ca 3 to 7 My older than the Gawler Range Volcanics exposed in the Gawler Ranges.
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5.
AbstractLongstanding debates on the tectonic setting and provenance of the Lower Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation have hindered basin analysis and tectonic studies of the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton, and thus the evolution of the Sulu Orogen. Thin-section analysis, identification of rock particles, cathodoluminescence, heavy minerals and trace-element analysis have, in addition to field investigations, been applied to reconstruct the source area and transport pathways of the sediments that build the Lower Cretaceous Laiyang Group on the Lingshan Island, western Yellow Sea. These analyses indicate that the Laiyang Group consists mainly of material derived from a recycled orogen and from transitional continental sediments. The Laiyang Group on Lingshan Island has been sourced from igneous and metamorphic rocks. Comparing analyses of detrital minerals with rocks from surrounding areas leads to the conclusion that the main source area is the Sulu Orogen that supplied sediment to rift basin rather than a residual basin between the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. A recycled orogenic belt is the source area for the Laiyang Group on Linshan Island. Felsic metamorphic and igneous rocks form the most probable sources. The rift basin was filled by sediments supplied from the Sulu Orogen on both sides.
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6.
AbstractSilicified fossil macrofloras of the Willalinchina Sandstone, at Stuart Creek in the Billa Kalina Basin of northern South Australia, are most likely early Miocene–early Pliocene with preference for the younger age, based on reinterpretation of published evidence including basin stratigraphy, paleogeography, isotopic and other dating. The macrofloras include Eucalyptus and occur in fluvial channel sandstones. The Willalinchina Sandstone is equated with the Danae Conglomerate Member of the Mirikata Formation, interpreted as older than the Watchie Sandstone, Millers Creek Dolomite Member and Billa Kalina Clay Member, and here regarded as of upper Neogene age. The Billa Kalina Basin lies between Lake Eyre, Torrens and Eucla basins, and has affinities with all three. The Kingoonya Paleochannel, peripheral to the Eucla Basin, joins the southern margin of the Billa Kalina Basin across the Stuart Range Divide, and contains the Garford Formation of mid-Miocene to Pliocene age (palynological dating), here partly equated with the Mirikata Formation. Interpretations of paleolake Billa Kalina and associated paleochannel environments are made, based on a new assessment of stratigraphic and paleogeographic relationships. - KEY POINTS
The Billa Kalina Basin sediments in northern South Australia are equated with the later Neogene ‘upper’ Garford Formation of the Kingoonya Paleochannel, which flowed into the Eucla Basin, and depositional processes are clarified. A variety of consistent age data from adjacent basins and the Kingoonya Paleochannel indicate the Stuart Creek ‘silcrete floras’, associated with the Willalinchina Sandstone channel deposits, are Neogene, probably early Pliocene, but the possibility remains that they may be incised into the Watchie Sandstone and therefore late Pliocene. The Billa Kalina Basin was linked to the Kingoonya Paleochannel through much of its history, with flow disrupted by the Stuart Range Divide, local tectonics, and regional tilting.
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7.
AbstractThis paper summarises current knowledge on metamorphism within the entire New England Orogen (NEO) of eastern Australia. Rocks recording metamorphic assemblages characteristic of each of the three metamorphic facies series (high, medium and low P/T) have been identified within the orogen. These include high P/T blueschists and eclogites, mid P/T orogenic metamorphism and low P/T contact aureoles and sub-regional high-temperature–low-pressure (HTLP) metamorphism (regional aureoles). Metamorphism is described as it relates to six tectonic phases of development of the NEO that together comprise two major cycles of compression–extension. Medium–high-grade contact metamorphism spans all six tectonic phases while low-grade burial and/or orogenic metamorphism has been identified for four of the six phases. In contrast, exposure of high P/T eclogites and blueschists, and generation of sub-regional low P/T metamorphism is restricted to extensional phases of the orogen. Hallmarks of the orogen are two newly identified zones of HTLP metamorphism, the older of which extends for almost the entire length of the orogen. - KEY POINTS
The orogen is dominated by low-temperature rocks while high-temperature amphibolite to granulite facies rocks are restricted to small exposures in HTLP complexes and contact aureoles. Blueschist metamorphism falls into two categories; that associated with subduction during the Currabubula-Connors continental arc phase occurring at depths of ～13–30?km; and the other of Cambrian–Ordovician age, exposed within a serpentinite melange and associated with blocks of eclogite. The eclogite, initially from depths of ～75–90?km, appears to have been entrained in the deep crust for an extended period of geological time. A comprehensive review of contact metamorphism in the orogen is lacking and as studies on low-grade metamorphism are more extensive in the southern part of the orogen than the north, this highlights a second research gap.
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8.
AbstractTwo north–south-trending belts of high-temperature–low-pressure (HTLP) sub-regional metamorphism have been identified in the New England Orogen of eastern Australia. Metamorphic complexes in the ～1300?km long Early-Permian Inland belt have ages ca 300–290?Ma, and those of the ～400?km long Mid-Permian Coastal belt ca 275–270?Ma. These periods correspond to the beginning and end of an extended (early–mid Permian) phase of subduction rollback and crustal thinning in eastern Australia. This paper describes and incorporates recent work on the Wongwibinda Metamorphic Complex in the southern New England Orogen as a basis for comparison with thirteen other HTLP sub-regional occurrences within the orogen. These are described in as much detail as is currently available. Some outcrops of HTLP rocks in difficult terrain have been subject to limited study and only conditional comparisons can be made. However, a significant number of characteristics shared between the complexes including: their location at the higher-temperature end of broad areas of very low-grade to greenschist facies metamorphic rocks, indicative of tilted crustal blocks; their association with major shear zones; the presence of migmatite at the high-temperature end of a steep metamorphic field gradient; the presence of two-mica granite formed by the melting of the local sedimentary pile; and temporal association with S-type granites; imply a common extension-related mechanism of formation for these HTLP belts. The connection with major faults and shear zones suggests the belts trace major crustal-scale extensional structures that migrated eastwards from ca 300 to 270?Ma. - KEY POINTS
Two previously undocumented belts of HTLP subregional metamorphism are identified within the NEO. Available dating indicates that metamorphism occurred along the belts at the beginning and end of a major early–mid Permian extensional phase in eastern Gondwana/Australia. The characteristics of the HTLP complexes including their association with shear zones indicates they may delineate major loci of extension.
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9.
AbstractReview and analysis of 1332 gas chromatography (GC) n-alkane traces of oils from the Cooper and Eromanga basins indicate the shape of any GC trace profile is primarily controlled by the degree of organic maturity (early, peak or late) at which the oils were expelled from the parent source rock, rather than indicating the depositional environment, and hence organic composition, of that source rock. The depositional environment of a source rock may still be inferred, however, from the position of the n-alkane maximum on the GC traces of early expulsion oils in association with the pour point of the oil. Departures of GC trace profiles from the standard early, peak or late expulsion profiles can indicate mixing of oils of different maturities, while variations in the GC trace profiles of oils within adjacent reservoir units may indicate phase separation of the parent liquid, or possible seal breach by an accumulation that exceeds the capacity of its overlying seal. - KEY POINTS
GC trace profiles of 1332 oils from across the Cooper and Eromanga basins of central Australia have been reviewed. Organic maturity, rather than organic composition, of the parent source rock controls the shape of any GC trace profile. All early maturity oils display a consistent GC trace profile shape that is different from all peak maturity oils and different again from all late maturity oils. Depositional environment of the source rocks within a basin can be inferred from the relative pour points of the resultant oils.
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10.
AbstractQuaternary alluvial and colluvial sediments infill major river valleys and form alluvial fans and colluvium-filled bedrock depressions on the range fronts and within the Mount Lofty Ranges of southern Australia. A complex association of alluvial successions occurs in the Sellicks Creek drainage basin, as revealed from lithostratigraphy, physical landscape setting and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages. Correlation of OSL ages with the Marine Oxygen Isotope record reveals that the alluvial successions represent multiple episodes of alluvial sedimentation since the penultimate glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 6; MIS 6). The successions include a penultimate glacial maximum alluvium (Taringa Formation; 160?±?15?ka; MIS 6), an unnamed alluvial succession (42?±?3.2?ka; MIS 3), a late last glacial colluvial succession within bedrock depressions ( ca 15?ka; MIS 2) and a late last glacial alluvium ( ca 15?ka; MIS 2) in the lowest, distal portion of Sellicks Creek. In addition, the Waldeila Formation, a Holocene alluvium (3.5?±?0.3?ka; MIS 1), and sediments deposited during a phase of Post-European Settlement Aggradation (PESA) are also identified. The age and spatial distribution of the red/brown successions, mapped as the Upper Pleistocene Pooraka Formation, directly relate to different topographic and tectonic settings. Neotectonic uplift locally enhanced erosion and sedimentation, while differences in drainage basin sizes along the margin of the ranges have influenced the timing and delivery of sediment in downstream locations. Close to the Willunga Fault Scarp at Sellicks Creek, sediments resembling the Pooraka Formation have yielded a pooled mean OSL age of 83.9?±?7?ka (MIS 5a) corroborating the previously identified extended time range for deposition of the formation. Elsewhere, within major river valleys, the Pooraka Formation was deposited during the last interglacial maximum (128–118?ka; MIS 5e). In general, alluviation occurred during interglacial and interstadial pluvial events, while erosion predominated during drier glacial episodes. In both cases, contemporaneous erosion and sedimentation continued to affect the landscape. For example, in the Sellicks Creek drainage basin, which lies across an actively uplifting fault zone, late glacial age sediments (MIS 2) occur within the ranges and near the distal margin of the alluvial fan complex. OSL dating of the alluvial successions reported in this paper highlights linkages between the terrestrial and marine environments in association with sea-level (base-level) and climatic perturbations. While the alluvial successions relate largely to climatically driven changes, especially in major river valleys, tectonics, eustasy, geomorphic setting and topography have influenced erosion and sedimentation, especially on steep-sloped alluvial fan environments. - KEY POINTS
Luminescence dating of the Sellicks Creek alluvial fan complex reveals that sedimentation occurred predominantly during the later stages of glacial cycles accompanying lower sea-levels than present. Luminescence dating confirms that the stratigraphically lower portions of the Pooraka Formation are beyond the range of radiocarbon dating. Upper Pleistocene alluvial fan sedimentation at Sellicks Creek correlates with pluvial events in southeastern Australia.
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11.
通过详细的岩芯观察、录测井资料分析,并结合区域地质资料和前人研究成果,对白音查干凹陷下白垩统都红木组的沉积相特征和沉积演化进行了深入研究。结果表明,白音查干凹陷主要发育扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、浊积扇相和湖泊相4种沉积相类型。其中,扇三角洲和浊积扇在陡峭的北坡发育,辫状河三角洲在宽缓的南坡沉积,湖泊相分布在扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲的侧翼及凹陷的中心。都红木组沉积时期白音查干凹陷处于强裂陷向坳陷转化阶段。根据残留地层分布特征,其沉积演化可分为早、中、晚3个时期,从早期至晚期,扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲的面积不断缩小,分别后退了约3km和4-11km,湖泊沉积成为主体。 相似文献
12.
辽东苏子河盆地是早白垩世形成的小型断陷盆地,盆地内发育了相对连续的陆相沉积,是研究白垩纪陆地环境及气候演化的理想地区。早白垩世晚期沉积的聂尔库组地层出露连续,沉积现象典型。通过分析聂尔库组沉积岩类型、沉积构造、古生物化石及垂向沉积序列,可识别出扇三角洲相和湖泊相,其中扇三角洲相包括扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲亚相,湖泊相主要为滨浅湖泥砂沉积。研究表明,聂尔库组形成于断陷盆地边缘陡坡带,属于间歇性洪水控制的扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,经历了扇三角洲—湖泊—扇三角洲的沉积环境变化,代表了断陷湖盆由深陷扩张期—抬升收缩早期的沉积充填过程。根据沉积岩与沉积相特征,结合古生物、特殊沉积、黏土矿物及地球化学资料,认为早白垩世晚期辽东地区总体与当时全球"温室气候"的大背景相一致,处于高温干旱/潮湿的气候条件,但这种高温气候具有不均一性,存在气候波动。 相似文献
13.
构造活动是源-汇系统中形成古地貌和砂分散体系的重要影响因素。塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷在早白垩世是一个典型的断陷湖盆,经历了多期幕式断陷活动,但同沉积构造活动及其配置所产生的古地貌对层序结构特征、沉积体系及砂体分布的控制作用仍不明确。文中以地震、测井、岩心资料为基础,以层序地层学理论和古地貌控砂理论为指导,建立了塔南凹陷下白垩统层序地层格架;结合断层活动性分析,阐明了不同类型古地貌对沉积体系和砂体分布的控制作用和规律。构造演化和沉积充填的综合研究表明: 受控盆主断裂的幕式断陷活动及同沉积断裂的差异断陷活动影响,塔南凹陷发育横向凸起和走向斜坡2种类型的构造调节带,这些构造调节带是水系入盆的通道,控制着盆地的主体物源方向、沉积体系类型与分布特征;根据断层的几何形态及发育部位,共识别出4种类型构造坡折带,分别是陡坡断崖型坡折带、陡坡断阶型坡折带、缓坡反向断阶型坡折带和盆内坡折带,它们各自控制了不同类型沉积体系的形成与分布;沉积物入盆后,沉积物分散体系和砂体的分布特征受同沉积断裂的组合样式控制,研究区共发育梳状断裂系、叉状断裂系和平行断裂系3种同沉积断裂平面组合;与构造调节带相对应的断裂坡折带低部位是大型储层砂体,特别是低位扇三角洲或盆底扇砂体发育的有利部位,是寻找砂岩油气藏的有利区带。研究成果对于深化断陷湖盆源-汇系统理论、指导断陷湖盆砂体分布预测具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。 相似文献
14.
西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地最大的富生烃凹陷,其主力储集层渐新统花港组的沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。以岩心为基础,结合测井响应与地震反射特征,识别出西湖凹陷中东部花港组厚层砂岩主要有块状含砾中砂岩、冲洗层理中细砂岩、沙纹层理粉细砂岩共3种典型岩石类型,并通过统计分析沉积构造参数,明确花港组厚层砂岩主要发育在岸线附近的冲洗带,水动力强,波浪作用明显;该厚层砂岩在伽马测井曲线上整体表现为下部低幅锯齿箱状、顶部逐渐过渡为高幅锯齿状特征,地震上主要为中等振幅与连续性的、底平顶凸的丘状反射,为大型沿岸砂坝沉积。最后结合测井曲线样式、地震属性与含砂率拟合,刻画了沿岸砂坝的叠置样式与空间展布,确定西湖凹陷花港组大型沿岸砂坝主要分布在研究区东部三角洲前缘外侧,是由于基准面下降、水体变浅,早期形成的辫状河三角洲前缘受波浪作用改造而成。 相似文献
15.
通过对松辽盆地北部晚白垩世青山口组和嫩江组一段、二段中沟鞭藻及疑源类化石形态、丰度、分异度、优势度和组合等古生态特征研究 ,以及对微量元素硼含量、相当硼含量、锶钡比和硼镓比等地球化学特性的分析 ,得出在盆地北部沟鞭藻及疑源类化石的古生态、微量元素的分布规律与盆地内沉积相带的展布三者之间具有较好的相关性 ,说明松辽盆地的沟鞭藻及疑源类的发育和分布是由自生环境决定的。同时 ,通过专门对所谓“海侵”通道上的微体古生物和微量元素特征进行综合分析 ,未发现任何能证明海侵通道存在的证据 ,从而认为此海侵通道并不存在。 相似文献
16.
中央洼陷带是东海盆地西湖凹陷重要的油气勘探开发区域之一,寻找优质储层发育区、明确优质储层主控因素是油气勘探开发深入的关键。本文综合运用钻井岩心、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、物性分析等技术方法,结合钻探成果,分析西湖凹陷中央洼陷带花港组储层特征,探讨了优质储层主控因素。认为中央洼陷带花港组发育辫状河—辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,优质储层主要受沉积微相和有机酸溶蚀双重控制,多期叠置水道储层厚度大、粒度粗、分选好、杂基低,孔候连通性好,物性较好;花港组储层主要岩性为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,下伏平湖组煤系烃源岩早期产生的有机酸和晚期生成的CO2顺断层向上运移至花港组砂岩储层中,大量长石和碳酸盐胶结物被溶蚀,形成大量铸模孔和粒间溶蚀,有效改善了砂岩储层的渗流能力。 相似文献
17.
广西平果上二叠统合山组沉积型铝土矿储量大,并以伴生稀散元素Ga为特色。从主量成分和微量元素角度研究平果铝土矿的地球化学特征、形成环境及其与Ga的相互关联性,对综合回收利用和提升矿床经济价值有重要帮助。通过对整个研究区内均匀采集的18件不同类型的矿石及铝土岩样品进行金属Ga和常量、微量元素测试,经统计学方法计算和相关性图解分析,发现样品中Ga平均含量已达到工业品位（0.002×10-2）。但在不同类型矿石中的富集程度不同:豆鲕粒状铝土矿>致密块状铝土矿>铝土岩。而且Ga含量与Al 2O 3含量呈显著正低相关性;与SiO 2含量呈显著负相关关系;与V含量呈显著正低相关关系;与稀土元素相关性不强,无明显规律性。通过对那豆沉积型铝土矿床古地理环境和不同类型样品Sr/Ba比值、Ga的富集、LREE/HREE比值分析发现:区内沉积型铝土矿主成矿期为较稳定、酸性、潮湿的滨海至浅海相环境;而且从二叠纪合山组早期的滨海相氧化环境逐步过渡到二叠纪合山组后期的浅海相还原环境。矿石类型则由早期的紫红色致密块状矿化变化为青灰色至灰黑色鲕粒状矿化。 相似文献
18.
运用地震、岩心、钻测井和古生物等资料,对苏北盆地白驹凹陷泰州组进行了层序地层和沉积相分析,在泰州组地层中可识别出3个层序界面,划分出2个三级层序(SQ1、SQ2)和4个体系域。根据沉积相标志,在泰州组沉积体中识别出了辫状河三角洲、(曲流河)三角洲及湖泊3种沉积相类型,并进一步划分为8种亚相和17种微相。其中,SQ1沉积于盆地初始断陷期,以发育辫状河三角洲为特征;SQ2低位体系域沉积时期,盆地的拉张作用增加,湖盆范围扩大,(曲流河)三角洲沉积最为发育;SQ2湖侵体系域和高位体系域沉积时期,盆地发育由断陷湖盆转为坳陷湖盆,湖侵体系域湖泊沉积范围最广,主要为半深湖—深湖亚相沉积环境,高位体系域湖平面略有下降,以滨浅湖沉积环境为主。指出白驹凹陷生油层主要发育于SQ2湖侵体系域,其本身又是良好的盖层;而储集层则主要发育在SQ1-SQ2低位体系域以及SQ2高位体系域,之间相互组合形成了2套生储盖组合,生储盖的良好配置使白驹凹陷发育的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道、三角洲前缘水下分流河道、席状砂以及滨浅湖砂滩、砂坝砂体成为有利的油气勘探区。 相似文献
19.
AbstractEdenopteron, with a lower jaw some 48?cm long, and total length perhaps exceeding 3 m, is the largest Devonian lobe-fin known from semi-articulated remains. New material described from the type locality (Boyds Tower, south of Eden) includes three slightly smaller articulated skulls and jaws, and additional bones of the shoulder girdle. Another articulated skull roof, shoulder girdle and palate is described from a second locality (Hegarty Bay), about 10?km south of Boyds Tower. Both localities represent the upper part of the Worange Point Formation, of late Famennian age (uppermost Upper Devonian). The new morphological evidence supports a close relationship to the tristichopterids Mandageria and Cabonnichthys, from the slightly older (Frasnian, Upper Devonian) fossil fish assemblage at Canowindra, New South Wales. Features of the shoulder girdle (supracleithrum, anocleithrum) suggest that Edenopteron is more closely related to Mandageria than Cabonnichthys. Eight characters are used to define a tristichopterid subfamily Mandageriinae, to which Notorhizodon from the Middle Devonian of Antarctica is also referred. The Mandageriinae is endemic to East Gondwana (Australia–Antarctica). In combination with possibly the most primitive tristichopterid, Marsdenichthys from the Frasnian of Victoria, these distributions implicate East Gondwana as a likely place of origin for the entire group. This relates to the major but unresolved question of a possible Gondwana origin for all the land vertebrates (tetrapods). An endemic Gondwanan sub-group (Mandageriinae) of the Devonian fishes closest to land animals (tetrapodomorph tristichopterids) is confirmed. Retention of primitive features (e.g. accessory vomers) points to an earlier origin of the Mandageriinae in East Gondwana, consistent with the Victorian occurrence of another primitive tristichopterid (Marsdenichthys). Edenopteron is confirmed from a second south coast fossil site, and new characters indicate its closest relative is Mandageria from Canowindra, NSW. Congruent evidence of older Gondwanan occurrences in other groups (basal tetrapodomorphs, rhizodontids, canowindrids), and previously dismissed trace fossil evidence (Grampians trackways), implicate South China and East Gondwana as the likely place of origin for all land vertebrates.
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20.
AbstractThe shape and structural development of the box-like Parrabel Dome (PD) within the Hastings Block is poorly understood because it has only been weakly cleaved, complexly folded and extensively faulted in comparison to the adjoining blocks. Better characterising this block will provide important controls on the tectonics of the southern New England Orogen. The structural development of the PD and southern Hastings Block (SHB) provides evidence of the degree of rotation, translation and deformation of the Hastings Block, a key terrane within the southern New England Orogen. A major decollement under the Hastings Block–Nambucca Block was suggested to facilitate south-directed deformation caused by the developing Coffs Harbour Orocline. The orientation of bedding and the stratigraphic facing of some fault blocks within the northern Hastings Block (NHB) are consistent with development of the PD, while other fault blocks indicate significant disruption of the NHB prior to, during and after dome development. A deep-seated fault is suggested by the gravity worm analysis consistent with the boundary zone between the PD, NHB-Yarrowitch Block and the east-dipping and younging sequences in the SHB. The eastern limb of the PD underwent clockwise rotation after formation. Fault blocks have been rotated and translated within a restraining bend as the NHB moved post-PD formation northwest along the interface between the NHB and SHB. - KEY POINTS
The Hastings Block was translated and rotated into its current position from the southeastern end of the Tamworth Belt. Gravity worm data indicate a boundary between northern and southern Hastings Block. The Hastings and Nambucca blocks have been detached from the basement Gondwana rocks. Fault block analysis within the Parrabel Dome, northern Hastings Block indicates relocation of some blocks by faulting.
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