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基于包气带剖面研究黄土地下水补给 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
正地下水补给是含水层从外界获得水量的过程,是地下水系统形成演化的基础和水文地质学科研究的核心问题(庞忠和等,2018)。在黄土高原地区,地下水是生产生活的重要水源,查明黄土高原地下水补给来源和补给量对合理开发利用地下水资源意义重大。前人对此开展了较多研究并取得丰富成果,但由于黄土高原包气带厚度较大,地下水补给受多因素影响,其时空变化较为复杂(赵文智等,2017)。本次选择小型黄土残塬,通过两组包气带剖 相似文献
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开发利用地下水资源必须遵循客观规律,若盲目开采势必造成地下水资源匮乏、水源污染和环境恶化等诸多问题,给社会发展带来损失,在开发利用地下水资源过程中必须对其进行保护。分析乌苏市地下水的开发利用现状,针对地下水资源开发中存在的地下水超采、水质、河道淤积等问题,提出地下水开发利用的建议,以达到地下水资源的合理利用和有效保护。 相似文献
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黔西北地区地下水赋存规律及开发利用方向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黔西北地区地处乌蒙山区岩溶发育强烈,地下水系统小型多样、条件复杂,地下勘查找水及开发利用难度大。本文通过对三种不同岩溶流域类型区地下水赋存规律及岩溶发育的综合研究,提出了不同类型系统中勘查找水和开发利用的方向建议,对该类区中地下水资源勘查找水和开发利用工作有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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为了科学和有效地保护和利用地下水资源,更好地合理开发利用地下水,解决地下水水量需求,以七个长期地下水观测井六年来的监测资料为依据,对营口地区地下水水位变化进行了计算,分析地下水动态变化规律,为沿海地区地下水资源合理配置,开发利用提供相应的技术支持. 相似文献
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洛阳市地下水资源相对缺乏,开展调查研究保护地下水,对地下水资源可持续利用具有一定的意义。通过对洛阳市地下水动态监测,调查市区地下水资源开发利用现状,分析地下水水位、水化学、水温动态特征,进行水环境影响分析,为地下水合理开采利用提供依据。 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(1)
地下水是山东省重要的供水水源,省域经济社会发展对地下水的依赖程度较高,但开发利用程度不够均匀。本文通过对山东省地下水开发利用情况进行分析,总结了开发利用中存在的一系列问题,在此基础上提出了应对策略。分析结果显示:从近10年地下水位监测数据成果来看,山东省不同区域地下水水位升降不一,总体保持稳定,地下水超采诱发的地面沉降、海(咸)水入侵等环境地质问题有所缓解,但开发利用过程中仍然存在区域开发不合理不均衡、水资源配置不合理、监测手段和管理基础薄弱等问题。应在后续开发利用过程中加强地下水保护措施,提升监测精度,建立多部门统筹联动机制,科学、合理、有序开发利用地下水资源,为山东省地下水资源可持续利用提供保障。 相似文献
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介绍了西藏自治区自然地理及水资源概况和地下水资源开发利用现状 ,对地下水开发利用中存在的主要问题进行了分析 ,并对今后地下水资源的开发利用进行了展望 相似文献
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云南省岩溶水赋存特征 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
云南省岩溶水赋存特征,从宏观到微观层面主要表现为:高原面上总体岩溶含水层的富水性比较均匀,其中的汇水型岩溶断陷盆地内,岩溶含水层特征等同于多孔介质。高原面边缘、河谷斜坡地带岩溶含水层的富水性极不均匀,其中在汇水—径流型岩溶断陷盆地内,上游部分富水性比较均匀,靠近下游转换带及其以下溶洞管道区富水性极不均匀。在一个完整的水文地质单元内,饱水带水位埋深基本接近集中排泄点的水位。通常,补给区实质上主要是透水层;径流区基本具备含水层的特征;排泄区方形成了名副其实的含水层。特定的微地貌组合形式,能够反映岩溶水的运动、赋存特征,应注意调查研究。 相似文献
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The active-layer hydrology of a peat plateau with thawing permafrost (Scotty Creek, Canada) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The southern margin of permafrost is experiencing unprecedented rates of thaw, yet the effect of this thaw on northern water resources is poorly understood. The hydrology of the active layer on a thawing peat plateau in the wetland-dominated zone of discontinuous permafrost was studied at Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories (Canada), from 2001 to 2010. Two distinct and seasonally characteristic levels of unfrozen moisture were evident in the 0.7-m active layer. Over-winter moisture migration produced a zone of high ice content near the ground surface. The runoff response of a plateau depends on which of the three distinct zones of hydraulic conductivity the water table is displaced into. The moisture and temperature of the active layer steadily rose with each year, with the largest increases close to the ground surface. Permafrost thaw reduced subsurface runoff by (1) lowering the hydraulic gradient, (2) thickening the active layer and, most importantly, (3) reducing the surface area of the plateau. By 2010, the cumulative permafrost thaw had reduced plateau runoff to 47 % of what it would have been had there been no change in hydraulic gradient, active layer thickness and plateau surface area over the decade. 相似文献
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阜平大沙河段位于太行山中北部地区,黄土类型与西部黄土高原一致,是黄土高原向东延伸的一部分。构成黄土高原的东部边缘,该区黄土复杂多样,厚度变化较大,成点状或片状分布。阜平沙河沿岸阶地之上、山麓背风地带、断裂带出露区发育有厚度不一的黄土层堆积。阜平沙河黄土物质来源复杂、既有西北风搬运来的物质,又有近地表生成的颗粒,堆积期间又经过明显的流水作用的干扰。大沙河黄土、古土壤的堆积、发育与更新世气候变化关系密切,同时又受到本区地貌和构造的影响。 相似文献
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The protection of karst water resources: the example of the Larzac karst plateau (south of France) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wide karst plateaus extend in the carbonate rocks of the Grands Causses area, north of Montpellier (south of France). They are surrounded by a hard rock base that feeds important rivers, such as the Tarn River and tributaries, and crosses the plateaus creating deep gorges. The Larzac plateau, the most southern, makes a link with the Mediterranean region. It is traversed by one of the main national roads and another main road under construction from Clermont-Ferrand to Montpellier and Spain. The karst water resource of the plateau, from springs, is used as a water supply for the Millau area (30,000 inhabitants); but it also recharges surface rivers, mainly during the summer and fall when the water level is low, in a region that is well known for water recreation activities, for fish farming and, above all, for sheep farming and Roquefort cheese production. The fundamental question was should the karst and its water resource be fully protected by strict regulations (for example as a nature reservation) in land-use management of the plateau based upon the knowledge of its hydrogeological functioning and its karst structure? Decisions, concerning the ～500-km2 area were elaborated from detailed hydrogeological studies, which included natural and artificial tracing, analysis of karst aquifer functioning, landscape analysis, and risk assessment and mapping. Recommendations were proposed to local and regional decision makers to define what were the preferences in terms of water resource protection and water quality restoration. Following such an approach in a karst area is not easy for hydrogeologists or for decision makers. In non-karstic regions, protection zones currently extend over small areas of a few square kilometers, which can be easily placed under the control of a small municipality. In the present example, the main water supplies are two springs that recharge areas that extend respectively over 100 and 110?km2. Included are several municipalities, some of which use them for their water supply, whereas others are concerned with pollution risks and land management projects. The recent French Water Act, which considers water as a common heritage, allows for general management by all the users, and it deals with the water and the terrain in which it flows. The regulation tools seem very well suited to karst region management. However, time is needed to educate users and decision makers, and with the help of karst scientists, to work together in a framework that is larger than the usual municipal limits. 相似文献
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黄土高原缺水的地质环境及找水环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章分析了黄土高原地下水形成的地质环境，认为降水量、地形地貌、岩性构造和地下水循环是造成黄土高原产重缺水的主要因素，地层岩性和新构造运动是影响地下水富集的决定性因素。指出黄土高原基岩风化带潜水的相对富水岩组和富水地段，提出研究含水层的岩性和构造，寻找基岩风化带潜水是解决黄土高原局部地段缺水的较好途径。 相似文献
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泾阳南塬黄土滑坡类型与发育特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1976年泾阳南塬大面积提水灌溉以来,沿泾河右岸发育27处,50余起黄土层内滑坡,造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡,使得台塬面积不断缩小,水土流失加剧.通过对南塬黄土滑坡多次野外考察和滑坡测量,研究了泾阳南塬黄土滑坡类型与发育特征.依据滑坡发生力学机制对南塬黄土滑坡进行了分类,包括黄土流滑、黄土滑动和黄土崩塌.南塬黄土滑坡具有高陡的后壁,后缘裂缝普遍发育,具有演化性与群体性分布特征.其中裂缝发育及高陡的滑坡后壁是造成滑坡演化的重要因素.裂缝的发育还是滑坡群体性分布的内在动力机制. 相似文献
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Construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway may face significant geological safety risks of water inrush and mud inrush in the plateau tectonic karst region. It is of great scientific and practical significance to carry out research on the evolution regularity of the plateau tectonic karst and the relevant karst groundwater circulation mode for the early prediction and identification of the water inrush and mud inrush disaster in the railway tunnel to be built. Based on the field survey and published literatures, this paper makes an in-depth analysis and draws some conclusions. The tectonic karst development shows obvious sequence characteristics and elevation zonation. The first level to fourth level karst development areas were formed before Miocene, late Miocene to Pliocene, Pliocene and Pliocene to Pleistocene, and occur in the elevation range of 4900?5300 m, 4000?4300 m, 3700?3800 m and 2900?3200 m, respectively. Active faults obviously control the distribution and enrichment of karst groundwater. Since the late Pleistocene, active faults have connected different karst areas and formed unique storage conditions for the tectonic karst groundwater in the plateau region. Karst groundwater system can be divided into high recharge area, remote pipeline flow area and concentrated discharge area. The high recharge area occurs in the first-level karst evaluation area, and the third-level and fourth-level are the concentrated discharge area which generally contain the outcropping springs with a discharge of more than 100 L/s. The groundwater system is appropriately divided into shallow and deep groundwater flow system. Karst springs are mainly supplied by ice and snow melting water, and exhibits the dynamic characteristics of the high water pressure, long flow path and deep water groundwater circulation. High CO2 saturation concentration of the melting water and the salt effect of sulfate promote the formation of high TDS sulfuric acid karst groundwater of low temperature. 相似文献
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文章以桂黔滇喀斯特石漠化防治的国家重点生态功能区贵州区为研究对象,以2010、2015年遥感影像、基础地理信息、降水、土壤等数据资料为基础,集成3S技术和生态评估模型,对水源涵养、土壤侵蚀和石漠化进行定量和定位研究。结果表明:研究区4个亚区的水源涵养功能等级处于“中”、“高”等水平,2015年比2010年的水源涵养指数有所提高;威宁—赫章区、关岭—镇宁区和册亨—望谟区3个亚区的土壤侵蚀模数较大,水土保持功能等级处于“低”等,罗甸—平塘区的土壤侵蚀模数最低,其水土保持功能等级为“中”等;威宁—赫章区2010年中度以上石漠化比重达16.36%,2015年降为8.74%,生态系统健康度从“低”转为“中”;关岭—镇宁2010年和2015年中度以上石漠化比重分别为8.64%和4.49%,生态系统健康度从“中”转化“高”;册亨—望谟和罗甸—平塘的健康度均为“高”,2015年相比2010年均有所提升;4个亚区的石漠化恶化面积所占比重均不到1.00%,石漠化好转区域分别占27.00%、14.10%、10.24%和5.13%,石漠化得到了有效遏制。今后应继续因地制宜,恢复植被和生态系统,巩固和扩大石漠化防治成果。 相似文献