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地震电磁卫星电离层扰动研究进展综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文总结了国内外关于地震电离层扰动现象研究的主要进展, 主要介绍了法国DEMETER卫星及其相关的统计研究和震例研究成果, 总结了目前地震电离层扰动前兆震例研究的一般步骤, 介绍了地震孕育过程中产生的电磁异常信息向电离层传播的可能途径, 包括化学途径、 声学途径和电磁途径。 大量的研究成果表明地震电离层异常的存在, 在地震发生前几个小时至几天或几个月电离层扰动被探测到, 但是地震电离层扰动前兆能否作为地震预报方法, 还有许多需要深入研究的问题。 本文提出了地震电离层研究需要解决的几个重要问题。 相似文献
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本文利用DEMETER卫星运行约6.5年总离子浓度数据和期间全球发生Mw 4.8以上地震参数,自动检测距震中1500 km范围内、震前15天出现电离层扰动,统计电离层扰动异常随地震临近在时间、空间上的演化特征以及异常变化幅度随震级变化规律.数据处理过程中通过控制K_p指数以去掉部分因太阳活动引起的电离层扰动.统计结果显示,地震探测率及电离层响应异常幅度随震级增大而增高.大地震能引起强电离层扰动,扰动幅度可超过背景值1倍以上.全球范围,电离层存在变化活跃区,小幅度电离层扰动趋向于背景变化.北半球中低纬度地区是有利的地震电离层响应监测区.地震相关电离层扰动异常出现频次随地震临近而增高,主要出现在震前一周.空间上,扰动有随地震临近向震中运移的趋势. 相似文献
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首先总结了国内外利用法国DEMETER卫星观测数据识别和提取地震电离层中主要参量扰动异常的常规研究方法,介绍了图像信息方法(pattern informatics method, 简称PI方法)研究地震活动性异常及其应用于中长期地震危险性预测的研究进展和成果. 然后主要介绍了改进型图像信息方法（modified pattern informatics method,简称MPI方法）在提取电磁卫星数据资料中的进展应用．该方法的震例研究结果显示,地震电离层中电子浓度（Ne）、电子温度（Te）异常出现的时间一般在震前一个月左右,相对于其它方法提取到的异常在震前几小时至数天内,这一突出特点将使得MPI方法在短临地震预报中更具有可操作性．然而,该方法能否作为提取地震电离层异常扰动的实用数据处理方法并应用于地震短临预测中,尚需要进一步深入研究．最后本文提出了将MPI方法应用于提取地震电离层异常信息需要进一步解决的几个问题． 相似文献
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利用法国DEMETER卫星观测的电离层电磁数据,分析了2007年11月14日智利7.9级地震前10天内的电磁信号记录,结果发现在震前1周内,低频电磁扰动开始在比较宽的纬度范围内增强,震前3天异常信号幅度达到最大,并在低纬度地区尤其突出.以5天为间隔,比较分析了多参量的空间图像,发现在震前5天异常幅度和范围扩大,震中位于异常区域的边缘地带.分析认为,这次地震前的异常信号与孕震区电磁辐射信号增多及空间加热扰动有关. 相似文献
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地震孕育过程中激发的电磁波穿过大气层进入太空,引起电离层物理参量发生变化,这些扰动信号可被卫星记录下来,因此电磁卫星作为一种监测预测地震的新手段越来越受到重视.卫星记录的数据具有时空同步变化性、数据量大等特点,需要采用多种数据处理方法进行分析.本文分析了卫星观测的地震前兆电场数据服务的不同需求,对地震电离层异常分析的不同阶段所采用的数据处理方法进行了梳理和总结,指出了不同方法的适应条件和环境,对几种典型的算法给出了实例分析效果.这为利用电磁卫星进行数据分析和研究的工作者提供了参考,具有现实意义. 相似文献
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1 研究背景
地震过程并不只局限于岩石圈,也会透过电磁场效应作用于对流层、电离层乃至磁层,其中,电离层前兆异常的出现具有较为稳定的时间尺度,在地震预报研究中具有较高价值(Pulinets et al,2021).但是,由于地震的等级与类型、震源机制与深浅、孕震区地质结构与位置、地震发生时间及空间环境等因素的不同,导致震前电离层异常及岩石圈—大气层—电离层耦合的物理机制呈现多样性和复杂性,震前电离层异常的研究尚有诸多亟待深入研究及解决的问题. 相似文献
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众多研究结果表明,大地震前数小时至数十小时在电离层有低频电磁信号异常现象,所以,电磁方法对地震短临预测工作非常重要.自从1983年Larkina发表了对INTERCOSMOS-19卫星经过地震区域时记录数据的处理分析结果,发现震前和震后几十分钟至数小时内甚低频VLF(3～30kHz)电磁信号增强,可与陆基观测一起对电磁场和电离层进行立体监视,使地震电磁信号异常研究工作和地震短临预测工作进入了一个新的发展阶段. 相似文献
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震前加速破坏阶段地壳岩石破裂过程中可能辐射电磁信号,提取与之相关的电磁信号异常有助于认识地震孕育及破坏过程,从而为防震减灾提供支持.本文提出了改进型图像信息方法(Modified Pattern Informatics Method,MPI方法),并用于汶川地震前电离层参量时空特征信息的提取.通过分析对比处理前后的DEMETER电磁卫星时空图像可以发现,原始时空图像一般存在季节性和空间性的变化规律,较难获得有意义的信息;而采用MPI方法处理后,则发现汶川大地震前,电离层参量存在明显的异常变化.从而,证明了MPI方法具有消除背景趋势、突出短期变化的能力,可以有效地提取强震相关的电磁前兆信息. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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