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南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件主要有白垩纪末－古新世早期，始新世中期，始新世晚期－早新世，中新世晚期－上新世初和上新世末－更新世中期发生的５次事件，它们在区内表现明显，伴有不整合，地层缺失和岩浆，断裂，褶皱等活动，同一构造事件在不同构造单元发生的时间可以有早有晚，程度有强有弱，性质有张有压，或造陆造山或造海造盆，但是这些表现却互有联系且可在全区追踪对比。 相似文献
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南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件主要有白垩纪末—古新世早期、始新世中期、始新世晚期—早渐新世、中新世晚期—上新世初和上新世末—更新世中期发生的５次事件。它们在区内表现明显，伴有不整合、地层缺失和岩浆、断裂、褶皱等活动。同一构造事件在不同构造单元发生的时间可以有早有晚、程度有强有弱、性质有张有压，或造陆造山、或造海造盆，但是这些表现却互有联系且可在全区追踪对比。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(6)
南海南部珊瑚礁区的突变事件记录了构造、沉积环境等的改变,根据收集的地球物理资料,结合前人工作,总结研究区新生代发生的多次突变事件,对主要突变事件进行分析。发生在不同构造单元的主要突变事件会有所不同,如曾母盆地的突发事件发生于晚白垩世晚期、始新世晚期、早中新世后期、中中新世末、晚中新世末和上新世末,而万安盆地的突发事件则发生于晚白垩世晚期、始新世末、早中新世末、中中新世末和晚中新世晚期,但由于珊瑚礁区突变事件往往是区域性的,因此可以互相对比。分析研究区盆地所记录的突变事件,得出由于礼乐运动、西卫运动和南沙运动的影响,研究区在白垩纪末—早古新世、晚始新世和中中新世末普遍存在3次构造不整合面。早中新世盆地保存的侵蚀不整合面,反映全球海平面下降,北康盆地缺失不整合面是由于南沙地块的运动。3次构造不整合面与侵蚀不整合面共同反映了南海的构造演化过程。 相似文献
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东海西湖凹陷是一个新生代含油气构造单元，晚中生代末期以来，经历了古新世－始新世的裂谷盆地阶段，渐新世－中新世的盐地反转阶段上新世－第四纪的区域沉降阶段。发育断块型、挤压背斜型。民推覆型等多种局部构造。为西湖凹陷大中型油气田的形成提供了必备的圈闭条件。 相似文献
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据估计 ,深海有孔虫种的交替速率为２ %／Ｍａ ,比新生代浅水底栖（５ %／Ｍａ）或者浮游有孔虫（１１ %／Ｍａ）明显偏低。白垩纪—第三纪边界（６５Ｍａ）或附近的事件引发了陆地和浅水以及部分半远洋生物的灾难性绝灭 ,但是对深海底栖有孔虫的影响很小。大部分深海有孔虫绝灭（３０ %～５０ %的种消失了）出现于晚古新世冰后高温期（ＬＰＴＭ ,５５Ｍａ） ,它起因于贫氧、温暖的侵蚀性底层水以及同时发生的表层生产力的变化。晚始新世至早渐新世（３６～３０Ｍａ）和中中新世也发现了深海底栖有孔虫的种类交替增强有全球蔓延的趋势。对中… 相似文献
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古新世末次高温期（ＬＰＴＭ）是始于５５．５Ｍａ、持续约１００～１４０ｋａ的短期变暖事件 ,属于晚古新世—早始新世时期的全球性温暖气候。古气候指标表明 ,高纬度气温在ＬＰＴＭ时可能达到新生代期间的最高值。陆地δ１８Ｏ记录显示出ＬＰＴＭ时期北美洲年平均气温（ＭＡＴ）增加了４℃ ,海洋δ１８Ｏ记录显示出深海温度和高纬度海洋表层温度（ＳＳＴｓ）增加了４～６℃ ,而热带ＳＳＴｓ没有什么变化。这种集中在高纬度地区的突然变暖现象 ,目前仍然没有令人信服的解释。与ＬＰＴＭ时期高纬度气候极度变暖同步进行的是有大量的哺乳类在… 相似文献
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珠Ⅲ次盆地是南海北部陆架珠江口盆地三个次盆地中的一个,为形成于早第三纪的裂谷盆地,是珠江口盆地早第三纪断陷湖群的一部分。珠Ⅲ次盆地的演化可以分为三期：早期湖相（古新世－中渐新世）、中期海湾相（晚渐新世）和晚期开放浅海相（晚第三纪）。依次形成生油层、储集层和盖层。湖相沉积包括文昌组（油源岩）和恩平组（气源岩）,是研究区两个石油系统的源岩区。珠Ⅲ次盆地经历了三次显著的构造运动,其中晚渐新世的张性—剪切运动和中中新世末期的拉张运动导致研究区主要含油构造的形成。油气勘探、两种源岩地球化学和热模式综合分析… 相似文献
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万安盆地位于我国南海西南端,印支半岛的东南海域,它是一个新生代走滑－拉张盆地,沉积了逾万米厚的地层,根据地震,钻井资料分析,把万安盆地新生代地层自上而下划分为第四系,广雅组,昆仑组,李准组,万安组及西卫群和人骏群,探讨了各组,群的时代属性和特征,认为它们分别对应于第四纪,上新世,晚中新世,中中新世,早中新世渐新世－晚始新世和早,中始新世,缺失古新世地层,同时认为西卫群和万安组是万安盆地的主力烃源岩 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献