共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
Qiang Zhang Juntai Peng Chong-Yu Xu Vijay P. Singh 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,115(3-4):703-712
Daily precipitation data during the period of 1960 to 2005 from 147 rain gauging stations over the Yangtze River Basin are analyzed to investigate precipitation variations based on precipitation indices and also consecutive rainfall regimes in both space and time. Results indicate decreasing annual/monthly mean precipitation. Distinct decreases in rainfall days are observed over most parts of the Yangtze River Basin, but precipitation intensity is increasing over most parts of the Yangtze River Basin, particularly the lower Yangtze River Basin. Besides, durations of precipitation regimes are shortening; however, the fractional contribution of short-lasting precipitation regimes to the total precipitation amount is increasing. In this sense, the precipitation processes in the Yangtze River Basin are dominated by precipitation regimes of shorter durations. These results indicate intensified hydrological cycle reflected by shortening precipitation regimes. This finding is different from that in Europe where the intensifying precipitation changes are reflected mainly by lengthening precipitation regimes, implying different regional responses of hydrological cycle to climate changes. The results of this study will be of considerable relevance in basin-scale water resources management, human mitigation of natural hazards, and in understanding regional hydrological responses to changing climate at regional scales. 相似文献
2.
利用西藏地区1961～2000年汛期（5～9月）降水资料,采用EOF分析方法并结合降水距平百分率,分析全区汛期降水的空间分布特征,确定了西藏地区汛期的主要雨型,与全国夏季雨带进行对比,发现两者之间存在特定的关系. 相似文献
3.
人工增雨效果评估中的面雨量计算分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取北京地区两次不同性质降水过程,分别对仅用气候站和并入自动气象站/雨量站的雨量资料,应用算术平均法和泰森多边形法对固定目标区进行面雨量计算分析.结果表明,泰森多边形法在不同性质降水过程面雨量计算中都表现出了一定优越性;并入自动气象站/雨量站的面雨量结果较仅用气候站资料所得结果更具代表性.在人工增雨效果评估中,可以尝试对由气候站计算的面雨量统计订正的办法,较精确地获得历史期目标区(包括控制区)面雨量实际值,这对提高人工增雨效果的评估精度具有重要实用价值. 相似文献
4.
R. G. Verdiev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(1):46-50
Analysis of observational data of the average monthly discharges, air temperatures, and precipitation totals collected at about 100 hydrological and meteorological stations before 2005 revealed that precipitation fallen on the Eastern Caucasus river basins in winter and spring plays the principal role in formation of floods that are observed in the period from April to June. The precipitation and runoff variability over the territory and altitudinal zones was studied and generalized. The hydrograph decomposition and the rivers classification according to their sources of feeding in the flooding period were performed. Analysis of correlation between the flood flow and winter and spring precipitation allowed obtaining reliable multiple regression equations that are suitable for computation and forecasting of the flood flow. 相似文献
5.
6.
汉江丹江口流域水文气象预报系统在GIS技术的支持下,以水文气象监测网、定量降水估算、定量降水预报、洪水预报技术为基础,通过雷达估算降水技术、中尺度数值模式预报技术获取高时空分辨率的降水信息输入水文模型来进行水文气象预报。以Web形式为基础的汉江丹江口流域水文气象预报系统平台在2010年7月以及2011年9月汉江丹江口两次洪水过程中及时、准确地显示了流域实况降水、预报降水,准确地预报了洪水入库过程。目前系统已成功移植到三峡区间、清江水布垭、淮河王家坝、漳河水库等流域开展汛期试验与服务,取得了较好的应用效果。 相似文献
7.
Fotis Fotopoulos Christos Makropoulos Maria A. Mimikou 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(3-4):403-414
An extensive validation of two of the most popular and recently upgraded satellite rainfall products, 3B42 and 3B42RT, was performed over the Evros catchment in southeastern Europe using data recorded from January 2000 to April 2009. For conducting this validation study, the Climate Prediction Center's (CPC) ground data were used. The satellite data products were aggregated to daily time series, remapped to spatial resolution of 0.5°, validated against CPC, and intercompared using a variety of statistical indices and coefficients. After the validation process, all three data sets (CPC, 3B42, and 3B42RT) were separately fed in a statistical rainfall?Crunoff model, in order to predict the five major recorded flood events which occurred in the Evros catchment during the last decade. It has been found that post-calibration with ground data, which is present only in 3B42 product, is a necessity for operational flood forecasting and similar studies conducted in areas at mid-latitudes. Knowledge of rainfall events with small intensities is crucial for estimating the total rainfall height and drastically improves the skill of the satellite product. 相似文献
8.
利用我国西北地区1960—2003年131个测站降水和小型蒸发皿蒸发量资料, 综合考虑降水和蒸发这两个水分平衡最关键的分量构造了降水蒸发均一化干湿指数, 进而研究了西北地区干湿的时空演变特征。结果表明:一致性异常是西北地区近44年干湿特征的最主要空间分布模态; 西北地区干湿异常特征主要分为西风带气候区型, 高原气候区型和季风气候区型; 整个西北地区及其西风带气候区、高原气候区年干湿特征呈较为显著的变湿趋势, 大约在20世纪70年代中期均发生了由干向湿的突变, 而季风气候区表现为变干趋势, 并且在90年代前期发生了由湿向干的突变; 整个西北地区及各分区近44年来主要以年代际周期振荡为主。 相似文献
9.
江南春雨和南海副热带高压的时间演变及其与东亚夏季风环流和降水的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用国家气象信息中心整理的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,创建了江南春雨建立时间指数和南海副热带高压(副高)减弱时间指数,研究了江南春雨各要素的相互关系及其与东亚夏季风环流和降水的关系.分析表明,当江南春雨建立较晚时,夏季江南地区的降水也较少,这是由于东亚夏季风加强,高原近侧气旋性环流加强,使江南地区出现异常反气旋性环流(气旋性辐合环流减弱)所致;当南海副高减弱较晚时,长江中下游至江南地区降水偏多,易发洪涝,这主要是由于东亚夏季风减弱,南海副高偏强,华南的异常西南风与围绕高原的异常反气旋环流的偏北风在长江中下游流域形成异常气旋性环流所致.江南春雨的建立时间和南海副高减弱时间之间又具有线性无关性,可以为东亚夏季风环流和降水异常的预报提供重要线索.两指数与3月ENSO综合指数MEI关系密切,表明东亚的气候异常与ENSO 全球气候异常紧密联系,因此在分析预测东亚气候异常时必须同时关注全球气候异常背景. 相似文献
10.
11.
利用河北省及周边73个台站1961-2010年夏季降水资料、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料、NOAA太平洋海温资料,应用SVD等多种统计方法探讨了河北夏季降水异常变化及其与环流和同期及前期太平洋海表温度异常（SSTA）的可能联系.研究结果表明：河北省夏季降水异常存在全省一致和东北-西南相反两种模态;夏季欧亚地区500 hPa高度场表现为从西到东的负、正、负、正的遥相关型时,河北降水偏多,最明显的区域主要位于河北省的东部;夏季东北部多雨、其他地区（保定、邢台和衡水）干旱与北太平洋SSTA的PDO正位相、赤道中东太平洋SSTA的El Niño位相具有较好的耦合关系;最大协方差分析（MCA）的诊断显示,前期冬季北太平洋SSTA类似PDO正位相且赤道中东太平洋SSTA出现El Niño型态,对河北省夏季多雨（尤其是东北部地区）的预测具有较好的指示意义.夏季850 hPa上在我国东部地区表现出明显的偏北（南）风距平,不（有）利于南方暖湿水汽向北的输送,是造成河北夏季降水异常少（多）的主要因素. 相似文献
12.
13.
Understanding the response of the global hydrological cycle to recent and future anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols is a major challenge for the climate modelling community. Recent climate scenarios produced for the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are analysed here to explore the geographical origin of, and the possible reasons for, uncertainties in the hydrological model response to global warming. Using the twentieth century simulations and the SRES-A2 scenarios from eight different coupled ocean–atmosphere models, it is shown that the main uncertainties originate from the tropics, where even the sign of the zonal mean precipitation change remains uncertain over land. Given the large interannual fluctuations of tropical precipitation, it is then suggested that the El Niño Southern Ocillation (ENSO) variability can be used as a surrogate of climate change to better constrain the model reponse. While the simulated sensitivity of global land precipitation to global mean surface temperature indeed shows a remarkable similarity between the interannual and climate change timescales respectively, the model ability to capture the ENSO-precipitation relationship is not a major constraint on the global hydrological projections. Only the model that exhibits the highest precipitation sensitivity clearly appears as an outlier. Besides deficiencies in the simulation of the ENSO-tropical rainfall teleconnections, the study indicates that uncertainties in the twenty-first century evolution of these teleconnections represent an important contribution to the model spread, thus emphasizing the need for improving the simulation of the tropical Pacific variability to provide more reliable scenarios of the global hydrological cycle. It also suggests that validating the mean present-day climate is not sufficient to assess the reliability of climate projections, and that interannual variability is another suitable and possibly more useful candidate for constraining the model response. Finally, it is shown that uncertainties in precipitation change are, like precipitation itself, very unevenly distributed over the globe, the most vulnerable countries sometimes being those where the anticipated precipitation changes are the most uncertain. 相似文献
14.
提出了一个应用水文上降水产生流量过程线的变化原理,仅用降水资料来推算流域洪涝指数,用量化指标来预报未来流域洪涝强度的研究思路和方法。利用流域内测站雨量计算出流域的有效综合面雨量(考虑了前一段时间内的逐日流域面雨量的不同贡献)。复核流量(或水位)等洪涝有关资料与流域有效综合面雨量的关系,最终确定出各级洪涝指数的流域有效综合面雨量的大小。在实际预报业务中,利用流域的实况面雨量和预报面雨量计算出未来流域某日的有效综合面雨量,对其值与已确定的各级洪涝指数的有效综合面雨量大小进行比较分析,最终判断未来流域可能出现的洪涝等级和强度。 相似文献
15.
陕北植被变化遥感监测及对径流的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陕北北部是我国水土流失最为严重的地区,年输入黄河的泥沙量占全河的38%。1999年实施退耕还林草工程后,退耕还林草面积达9617.2 km2。利用1998-2004年NOAA卫星遥感资料,计算陕北北部地区归一化植被指数,发现陕北植被指数增幅在50%-200%之间,其中吴旗县增幅最大。对延安北部及榆林市1998-2004年降水量资料分析,得出植被指数增加是退耕还林草工程初见成效,不是由于降水变化引起的。利用1980-2004年吴旗县气象站观测的降水量和水文站所测径流量进行时间序列相关分析、典型年对比分析,得出该县植被变化对年径流量产生了影响,年径流量和泥沙量减少近一半,对保持水土有积极意义。 相似文献
16.
利用1951-2000年全国194站地面观测资料和高空观测资料,对近50年我国西部地区的气候变化特征进行分析。结果表明:从20世纪70年代开始,我国西部地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,其中河套区和新疆区气温上升最为明显,其次为青藏高原区和河西区,西南区气温增幅最不明显,地表温度变化与气温的变化基本同步,但地温变化要比气温变化更加剧烈一些。西南区的地温从70年代中期开始回升,但始终未达到50年代初期的水平,因此从线性变化上表现为下降趋势。西部地区除了河套区外,其他4个区的年平均降水量均增加,增加最明显的是新疆区和青藏高原区。我国整个西部地区年平均总云量和低云量均呈线性减少趋势,减少最明显的是西南区和河套区。在辐射变化上,我国西部总辐射呈减少趋势,青藏高原区减少最多;西南区的散射辐射呈增加趋势,其他4个区减少,其中新疆区和青藏高原区散射辐射减幅明显。散射辐射的大小与天空中云量和气溶胶含量的多少成正比,西南区散射辐射呈增加趋势,而总云量和低云量呈下降趋势,可以推测是气溶胶含量增加导致了散射辐射的增加。 相似文献
17.
利用内蒙古113测站1961—2012年6—8月降水资料、1961—2012年NCEP/NCAP再分析资料数据集、国家气候中心太平洋海温资料,采用统计诊断、相关分析等方法,对2012年汛期(6—8月)内蒙古降水特点及影响因子进行分析,探讨2012年汛期(6—8月)内蒙古大范围降水偏多的可能影响因素。通过对近50a汛期降水年际变化特征及海温、印度夏季风活动、中纬度阻塞高压的影响进行分析,结果表明:2012年汛期(6—8月)内蒙古大范围降水偏多,主要表现为降水过程频繁、覆盖范围广、强降水过程多,多站突破历史纪录;主要原因为内蒙古汛期降水在减少的年代际背景下,年际变化规律明显,2012年汛期出现多雨的概率较大;2012年汛期北半球500hPa高度场主要特征相似内蒙古典型多雨年的环流形势;La Nina事件在2012年3—5月结束,有利于汛期降水偏多;印度夏季风异常偏强、乌拉尔山高脊和鄂霍次克海高压偏强、贝加尔湖地区受低槽控制均是影响2012年内蒙古汛期大范围降水偏多的重要因素。 相似文献
18.
Simulation and Projection of Changes in Rainy Season Precipitation over China Using the WRF Model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used in a regional climate model configuration to simulate past precipitation climate of China during the rainy season (May-September) of 1981-2000, and to investigate potential future (2041-2060 and 2081-2100) changes in precipitation over China relative to the reference period 1981-2000. WRF is run with initial conditions from a coupled general circulation model, i.e., the high-resolution version of MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). WRF reproduces the observed distribution of rainy season precipitation in 1981-2000 and its interannual variations better than MIROC. MIROC projects increases in rainy season precipitation over most parts of China and decreases of more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan and central Tibet by the mid-21st century. WRF projects decreases in rainfall over southern Tibetan Plateau, Southwest China, and northwestern part of Northeast China, and increases in rainfall by more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2041-2060. MIROC projects further increases in rainfall over most of China by the end of the 21st century, although simulated rainfall decreases by more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and central Tibet. WRF projects increased rainfall of more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and decreased rainfall over Southwest China, and southern Tibetan Plateau by the end of the 21st century. 相似文献
19.
国家气象信息中心(NMIC)和美国大气海洋局气候预测中心合作开发了"中国逐日格点降水量实时分析系统(V1.0)",并已在NMIC投入业务试运行。该系统基于我国2419个国家级地面气象站日降水量观测(08:00—08:00,北京时)数据,采用"基于气候背景场"的最优插值方法,实时生成空间分辨率为0.5°×0.5°的格点化日降水量资料。通过对汛期典型区域和单站降水过程的对比分析表明:该格点化产品的精度较高,能准确捕捉并再现每一次降水过程。误差分析表明:约91%的数据绝对误差小于1.0 mm/d。该产品在定量分析天气实况、检验天气气候模式精度、检验卫星产品精度等方面有应用前景。 相似文献
20.
基于CMORPH资料的长三角城市化对降水分布特征影响的观测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用CMORPH卫星降水资料和NCEP风场资料,综合分析了长江三角洲地区南京、杭州、上海、苏州等主要城市的降水分布特征,结果表明:长三角城市效应主要表现在对夏半年降水强度空间分布的影响,具体表现为在700 hPa平均引导气流控制下,城市中心和下风向地区的夏半年降水强度比上风向地区增加5%～15%,最大值通常位于城市中心下游20～70 km。冬半年主要城市周围的降水量、降水时间和降水强度的空间变化都比较小,城市效应对降水分布特征没有明显的影响。长三角城市因地理位置的差异,不同城市降水的下游效应存在差别。夏半年南京、杭州、无锡、苏州、常州等城市的下风向地区比上风向地区降水强度明显增加,城市效应显著。上海和宁波受到海洋影响明显,夏半年低层海风侵入范围较广,夏季降水强度的高值中心偏向海风的下游方位,可能是受到海风环流和城市热岛环流的共同影响。距离上风城市较近的镇江等城市,降水强度的分布受到上风城市降水强度下游效应的影响。 相似文献