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1.
Regionalization-based spatiotemporal variations of precipitation regimes across China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Mingzhong Xiao Qiang Zhang Vijay P. Singh Xiaohong Chen 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(1-2):203-212
Daily precipitation data from 595 stations are analyzed based on regionalization to investigate changing properties of precipitation regimes across the entire China. The results indicate that the northwestern China is characterized by increasing monthly precipitation. The abrupt increase of precipitation is after early 1980s and early 1990s in the western arid zone and Qinghai-Tibet plateau, respectively. Other climate zones are dominated by decreasing precipitation regimes in autumn and increasing precipitation regimes in winter, and it is particularly true in the southwestern, southern and central China, showing seasonal shifts of precipitation changes. Besides, weak precipitation regimes are decreasing and strong precipitation regimes are increasing, and it is particularly the case in the southwestern, southern and central China, implying intensifying hydrological cycle reflected by precipitation changes in these regions. This study steps further into different hydrological responses within different regions of China to climate changes and will be relevant in regional management of agriculture development and water resources. 相似文献
2.
Assessment of CMIP3 climate models and projected changes of precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze River Basin, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The projected changes of precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze River Basin in the 20th Century from 20 models of the CMIP3 (phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) dataset are analyzed based on the observed precipitation and temperature data of 147 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that all models tend to underestimate the annual mean temperature over the Yangtze River Basin, and to overestimate the annual mean precipitation. The temporal changes of simulated annual mean precipitation and temperature are broadly comparable with the observations, but with large variability among the results of the models. Most of the models can reproduce maximum precipitation during the monsoon season, while all models tend to underestimate the mean temperature of each month over the Yangtze River Basin. The Taylor diagram shows that the differences between modeled and observed temperature are relatively smaller as compared to differences in precipitation. For a detailed investigation of regional characteristics of climate change in the Yangtze River Basin during 2011–2050, the multi-model ensembles produced by an upgraded REA method are carried out for more reliable projections. The projected precipitation and temperature show large spatial variability in the Yangtze River Basin. Mean precipitation will increase under the A1B and B1 scenarios and decrease under the A2 scenario, with linear trends ranging from ?21 to 28.5?mm/decade. Increasing mean temperature can be found in all scenarios with linear trends ranging from 0.15 to 0.48°C/decade. Grids in the head region of the Jingshajiang catchment show distinct increasing trends for all scenarios. Some physical processes associated with precipitation are not well represented in the models. 相似文献
3.
利用区域气候模式RegCM3以及考虑作物生长过程的耦合模式RegCM3_CERES对东亚区域进行20年模拟,研究作物生长对流域水文过程与区域气候的影响。结果表明：考虑作物生长过程的耦合模式模拟海河流域、松花江流域、珠江流域多年平均降水效果明显改进,在除黑河流域外的各流域模拟的温度负偏差有所减小,其中在海河流域、淮河流域的夏季改进尤为明显。各流域夏季（6、7、8月）月蒸散量最高,其中长江流域、海河流域、淮河流域、珠江流域的夏季月蒸散量基本上在100 mm左右,并且七大流域蒸散发的季节变化趋势跟总降水基本一致。多数流域考虑作物生长过程的耦合模式模拟得出蒸散发减少且进入的水汽增加,导致局地水循环率减小;黑河流域与黄河流域降水有所增加,其他流域均有不同程度的减小。针对长江流域,比较耦合模式RegCM3_CERES与模式RegCM3模拟结果显示,叶面积指数减少1.20 m2/m2,根区土壤湿度增加0.01 m3/m3,进而导致潜热通量下降1.34 W/m2（其中在四川盆地地区减少16.00 W/m2左右）,感热通量增加2.04 W/m2,从而影响到降水和气温。 相似文献
4.
土地利用变化对长江流域气候及水文过程影响的敏感性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
使用区域气候模式(RegCM3)和大尺度汇流模型(LRM), 研究土地利用/植被覆盖变化对长江流域气候及水文过程的影响。RegCM3嵌套于欧洲数值预报中心 (ECMWF) 再分析资料ERA40, 分别进行了中国区域在实际植被和理想植被分布情况下两个各15年 (1987～2001年) 时间长度的积分试验。随后, RegCM3 两个试验的输出径流结果分别用来驱动LRM, 研究土地利用/植被覆盖变化对长江流域河川径流的影响。研究结果指出, 中国当代土地利用变化对长江流域降水、蒸散发、径流深及河川径流等水文气候要素的改变较大, 对气温的改变并不明显。土地利用变化引起长江干流河川径流量在夏季(6～8月)有所增加, 并且越向下游增加幅度越大, 其中大通站径流量增加接近15%。总体而言, 土地利用改变加剧了长江流域夏季水循环过程, 使得夏季长江中下游地区降水增多, 径流增大。 相似文献
5.
The association between bi-decadal rainfall variability over southern Africa and the rainfall contributed by tropical cyclonic systems from the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) provides a potential means towards understanding decadal-scale variability over parts of the region. A multi-decadal period is considered, focusing on the anomalous tropospheric patterns that induced a particularly wet 8-year long sub-period over the Limpopo River Basin. The wet sub-period was also characterized by a larger contribution to rainfall by tropical cyclones and depressions. The findings suggest that a broadening of the Hadley circulation underpinned by an anomalous anticyclonic pattern to the east of southern Africa altered tropospheric steering flow, relative vorticity and moisture contents spatially during the sub-period of 8 years. These circulation modulations induced enhanced potential for tropical systems from the SWIO to cause precipitation over the Limpopo River Basin. The same patterns are also conducive to increasing rainfall over the larger subcontinent, therefore explaining the positive association in the bi-decadal rainfall cycle and rainfall contributed by tropical cyclonic systems from the SWIO. An overview of regional circulation anomlies during alternating near-decadal wet and dry epochs is given. The regional circulation anomalies are also explained in hemispheric context, specifically in relation to the Southern Annular Mode, towards understanding variation over other parts of the Southern Hemisphere at this time scale. 相似文献
6.
Simulation and Projection of Changes in Rainy Season Precipitation over China Using the WRF Model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used in a regional climate model configuration to simulate past precipitation climate of China during the rainy season (May-September) of 1981-2000, and to investigate potential future (2041-2060 and 2081-2100) changes in precipitation over China relative to the reference period 1981-2000. WRF is run with initial conditions from a coupled general circulation model, i.e., the high-resolution version of MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). WRF reproduces the observed distribution of rainy season precipitation in 1981-2000 and its interannual variations better than MIROC. MIROC projects increases in rainy season precipitation over most parts of China and decreases of more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan and central Tibet by the mid-21st century. WRF projects decreases in rainfall over southern Tibetan Plateau, Southwest China, and northwestern part of Northeast China, and increases in rainfall by more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2041-2060. MIROC projects further increases in rainfall over most of China by the end of the 21st century, although simulated rainfall decreases by more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and central Tibet. WRF projects increased rainfall of more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and decreased rainfall over Southwest China, and southern Tibetan Plateau by the end of the 21st century. 相似文献
7.
Regional trends in recent precipitation indices in China 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Summary Regional characteristics of recent precipitation indices in China were analyzed from a daily rainfall dataset based on 494
stations during 1961 to 2000. Some indices such as precipitation percentiles, precipitation intensity, and precipitation persistence
were used and their inter-decadal differences were shown in this study.
Over the last 40 years, precipitation indices in China showed increasing and decreasing trends separated into three main regions.
A decreasing trend of annual precipitation and summer precipitation was observed from the southern part of northeast China
to the mid-low Yellow River valley and the upper Yangtze River valley. This region also showed a decreasing trend in precipitation
intensity and a decreasing trend in the frequency of persistent wet days. On the other hand, increasing trends in precipitation
intensity were found in the Xinjiang region (northwest China), the northern part of northeast China, and southeast China,
mainly to the south of the mid-low Yangtze River. The indices of persistent wet days and strong rainfall have contributed
to the increasing frequency of floods in southeast China and the Xinjiang region in the last two decades. Persistent dry days
and weakening rainfall have resulted in the increasing frequency of drought along the Yellow River valley including North
China.
Regional precipitation characteristics and trends in precipitation indices indicate the climate state variations in the last
four decades. A warm-wet climate state was found in northwest China and in the northern part of northeast China. A warm-dry
climate state extends from the southern part of northeast China to the Yellow River valley, while a cool-wet summer was found
in southeast China, particularly in the mid-low Yangtze River valley over the last two decades. 相似文献
8.
近20年中国土地利用变化影响区域气候的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域尺度土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)的气候效应以及土地覆盖数据的不确定性, 一直是LUCC研究不可忽视的关键问题。本研究基于最新的遥感资料, 采用新的区域气候模式RegCM4.0, 探讨了1990年至2010年中国LUCC对区域气候的影响。结果表明, 中国区域LUCC使得局地气温和日较差发生了显著改变, 而降水及低层环流场变化不显著;LUCC的影响存在季节性差异, 其中, 夏秋季响应程度较大且主要体现在边界层内。就LUCC对气候影响的机理各地区有所不同, 华北地区LUCC的气候效应主要受蒸散发作用主导, 而长江流域则由反照率与蒸散发共同作用。这些结果均说明, 较短时间尺度的LUCC气候效应主要体现在其局地范围, 且在不同的季节有所差异。 相似文献
9.
江淮区域梅雨的划分指标研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
为便于江淮区域的梅雨划定, 更好地开展区域梅雨短期气候预测业务, 本文从区域角度出发, 在明确区域梅雨概念的基础上, 选取江淮区域梅汛期降水变率一致的36个代表站点, 根据梅雨的大范围持续性时空分布特征, 采用连续5个滑动候满足候内雨日≥4的站点覆盖率指标, 并结合西太平洋副高脊线位置, 提出了江淮区域梅雨入、出梅的确定方法。基于所提出的区域梅雨划分指标, 进一步分析了江淮区域梅雨特征量的气候特征, 并与已有的长江中下游梅雨特征量进行了比较。结果表明, 本文定义的区域梅雨指标既考虑了梅雨系统大范围持续性降水的天气现象, 又可反映典型梅雨系统的高低层环流配置及梅雨的降水条件, 能较好地描述梅雨的区域气候特征。区域梅雨指标反映的入、 出梅日期的气候特征、 长期变化趋势及异常梅雨等方面与已有长江中下游梅雨特征量基本一致, 但本文的区域梅雨入、 出梅与大气环流季节性调整具有更好的一致性, 且采用江淮区域空间分布均匀的36个站点来描述区域梅雨更具代表性。 相似文献
10.
利用1958—2007年ERA再分析风场及气压场资料和APHRO高分辨率逐日降水资料,对近50 a来梅雨期水汽输送的时空特征及其与江淮地区降水的关系进行了研究,发现各条水汽通道对江淮地区梅雨期降水强度及范围的影响程度均不同。梅雨期影响我国降水的水汽输送有显著的年际变化,并且水汽输送强弱年对应江淮地区降水强度也有明显差异。相关分析及合成差值的结果显示,西太平洋水汽输送贡献更大,且西太平洋水汽输送(东南通道)增强时,江淮地区降水增多。印度洋水汽输送的加强会减弱太平洋的水汽输送从而使得江淮少雨。在全球变暖的背景下,西太平洋的水汽输送对降水的增强作用有所减弱而印度洋输送所导致降水强度减弱的范围则明显扩大。自1980年起,江淮降水出现缓慢增多的趋势与全球变暖所导致的东亚环流异常进而影响水汽输送异常相关。 相似文献
11.
基于1979～2017年欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）提供的ERA-Interim逐日再分析资料和热力学方程,本研究估算了大气视热源,分析研究了青藏高原夏季大气视热源的异常与中国东部降水关系的年代际变化,以及青藏高原大气视热源影响我国东部夏季降水的物理机制。结果表明:（1）高原热源东、西部反相变化模态的重要性发生了年代际转变,表现为由1994年之前方差贡献相对小的第二变异模态变为1994之后方差贡献明显增大而成为第一主导变异模态。（2）青藏高原夏季大气视热源的东、西反相变化模态与中国东部降水的关系存在年代际变化。1993年之前和2008年之后,高原大气视热源的异常分别仅与长江下游降水和长江中游降水异常存在密切的联系;而在1994～2007年,其对长江流域及附近区域和华南地区的夏季降水的影响显著,具体表现为,当高原夏季大气视热源异常表现为东强西弱（东弱西强）时,长江中上游、江淮地区的降水偏多（少）,华南地区降水偏少（多）。（3）高原大气视热源显著影响我国东部夏季降水主要是通过经高原上空发展加强的天气系统东移过程影响长江流域及附近地区的降水,以及通过垂直环流影响华南地区的降水。 相似文献
12.
A new technique for identifying regional climate events, the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events(OITREE), was applied to investigate the characteristics of regional heavy rainfall events in China during the period1961–2012. In total, 373 regional heavy rainfall events(RHREs) were identified during the past 52 years. The East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) had an important influence on the annual variations of China's RHRE activities, with a significant relationship between the intensity of the RHREs and the intensity of the Mei-yu. Although the increase in the frequency of those RHREs was not significant, China experienced more severe and extreme regional rainfall events in the 1990 s. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northern part of South China were the regions in the country most susceptible to extreme precipitation events. Some stations showed significant increasing trends in the southern part of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northern part of South China, while parts of North China, regions between Guangxi and Guangdong, and northern Sichuan showed decreasing trends in the accumulated intensity of RHREs.The spatial distribution of the linear trends of events' accumulated intensity displayed a similar so-called "southern flooding and northern drought" pattern over eastern China in recent decades. 相似文献
13.
To comprehensively investigate characteristics of summer droughts and floods in the Yangtze River valley, a meteorological and hydrological coupling index （MHCI） was developed using meteorological and hydro- logical data. The results indicate that： （1） in representing drought/flood information for the Yangtze River valley, the MHCI can reflect composite features of precipitation and hydrological observations; （2） compre- hensive analysis of the interannual phase difference of the precipitation and hydrological indices is important to recognize and predict annual drought/flood events along the valley; the hydrological index contributes more strongly to nonlinear and continuity features that indicate transition from long-term drought to flood conditions; （3） time series of the MHCI from 1960-2009 are very effective and sensitive in reflecting annual drought/flood characteristics, i.e. there is more rainfall or typical flooding in the valley when the MHCI is positive, and vice versa; and （4） verification of the MHCI indicates that there is significant correlation between precipitation and hydrologic responses in the valley during summer; the correlation coefficient was found to reach 0.82, exceeding the 0.001 significance level. 相似文献
14.
Self-organizing map (SOM) is used to simulate summer daily precipitation over the Yangtze–Huaihe river basin in Eastern China, including future projections. SOM shows good behaviors in terms of probability distribution of daily rainfall and spatial distribution of rainfall indices, as well as consistency of multi-model simulations. Under RCP4.5 Scenario, daily rainfall at most sites (63%) is projected to shift towards larger values. For the early 21st century (2016–2035), precipitation in the central basin increases, yet decreases occur over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as well as a part of its southeast area. For the late 21st century (2081–2100), the mean precipitation and extreme indices experience an overall increase except for a few southeast stations. The total precipitation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in its south area is projected to increase from 7% at 1.5 °C global warming to 11% at 2 °C, while the intensity enhancement is more significant in southern and western sites of the domain. A clustering allows to regroup all SOM nodes into four distinct regimes. Such regional synoptic regimes show remarkable stability for future climate. The overall intensification of precipitation in future climate is linked to the occurrence-frequency rise of a wet regime which brings longitudinally closer the South Asia High (eastward extended) and the Western Pacific Subtropical High (westward extended), as well as the reduction of a dry pattern which makes the two atmospheric centers of action move away from each other. 相似文献
15.
长江流域夏季不同强度降水日数的时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用长江流域56个站点1957—2009年夏季逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及Hadley海表温度资料,分析了长江流域夏季不同强度降水日数的时空变化及其相关的海气异常型。结果表明:(1)近53 a来,长江流域夏季大到暴雨日数占总降水日数的比率呈明显增加趋势,而中小雨日数占总降水日数的比率呈明显减少趋势。(2)长江流域夏季不同强度降水日数的变化及其相应的海气异常型表现为明显不同的特征。当前期春季海温距平场表现为典型的东部型El Nino分布形态,500 h Pa位势高度场呈现出"+-+"的经向PJ波列,西北太平洋副热带高压偏强,位置偏南偏西,中高纬地区乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海地区出现双阻塞形势,南半球澳大利亚高压异常偏强,越赤道气流偏强,在30°N附近200 h Pa纬向西风急流异常偏强,850 h Pa风场在东亚上空经向方向上呈现出明显的反气旋—气旋—反气旋系统相间分布的特征时,有利于长江流域夏季大到暴雨降水日数偏多。 相似文献
16.
中国年和季各等级日降水量的变化趋势分析 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
通过对中国554个测站1961—2003年的日降水量数据进行线性回归,对我国全年和各个季节的总降水量和各级降水的线性趋势进行分析,并对两种不同的极端降水定义方法所得的变化趋势进行了比较。结果显示,全年总降水量在西北、长江中下游和华南地区具有明显的增加趋势,而在华北和四川盆地地区具有明显的减少趋势。分析各类降水的季节变化趋势可以发现,西北地区各个季节的日降水都是增加的,长江中下游地区的各类降水的增加趋势主要集中在夏季和冬季,而华北地区的各类降水在各个季节基本都呈减少趋势。极端降水趋势方面,西北、长江中下游、西南部分地区和华南沿海地区具有明显的增加趋势,而华北、四川盆地和东北部分地区则有明显的减少趋势。 相似文献
17.
Heiko Paeth 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(7-8):1321-1336
Rainfall represents an important factor in agriculture and food security, particularly, in the low latitudes. Climatological and hydrological studies which attempt to diagnose the hydrological cycle, require high-quality precipitation data. In West Africa, like in many parts of the world, the density of observational data is low and climate models are needed in order to perform homogeneous and complete data sets. However, climate models tend to produce systematic errors, especially, in terms of rainfall and cloud processes, which are usually approximated by physical parameterizations. In this study, a 25-year climatology of monthly precipitation in West Africa is presented, derived from a regional climate model simulation, and evaluated with respect to observational data. It is found that the model systematically underestimates the rainfall amount and variability and does not capture some details of the seasonal cycle in sub-Saharan West Africa. Thus, in its present form the precipitation climatology is not appropriate to draw a realistic picture of the hydrological cycle in West Africa nor to serve as input data for impact research. Therefore, a statistical model is developed in order to adjust the simulated rainfall data to the characteristics of observed precipitation. Assuming that the regional climate model is much more reliable in terms of atmospheric circulation and thermodynamics, model output statistics is used to correct simulated rainfall by means of other simulated parameters of the near-surface climate like temperature, sea level pressure and wind components. Monthly data is adjusted by a cross-validated multiple regression model. The resulting adjusted rainfall climatology reveals a substantial improvement in terms of the model deficiencies mentioned above. In part II of this publication, the characteristics of simulated daily precipitation is adapted to station data by applying a weather generator. Once the postprocessing approach is trained, it can be extrapolated to simulation periods, for which observational data do not exist like for instance future climate. 相似文献
18.
The interactions among the Asian-Pacific monsoon subsystems have significant impacts on the climatic regimes in the monsoon region and even the whole world. Based on the domestic and foreign related research, an analysis is made of four different teleconnection modes found in the Asian-Pacific monsoon region, which reveal clearly the interactions among the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）, the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, and the western North Pacific summer monsoon （WNPSM）. The results show that： （1） In the period of the Asian monsoon onset, the date of ISM onset is two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Basin, and a teleconnection mode is set up from the southwestern India via the Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Yangtze River Basin and southern Japan, i.e., the ＂southern＂ teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. （2） In the Asian monsoon culmination period, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is influenced significantly by the WNPSM through their teleconnection relationship, and is negatively related to the WNPSM rainfall, that is, when the WNPSM is weaker than normal, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is more than normal. （3） In contrast to the rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin, the precipitation of northern China （from the 4th pentad of July to the 3rd pentad of August） is positively related to the WNPSM. When the WNPSM is stronger than normal, the position of the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） becomes farther northeast than normal, the anomalous northeastward water vapor transport along the southwestern flank of WPSH is converged over northern China, providing adequate moisture for more rainfalls than normal there. （4） The summer rainfall in northern China has also a positive correlation with the ISM. During the peak period of ISM, a teleconnection pattern is formed from Northwest India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China, i.e., the ＂northern＂ teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. The 相似文献
19.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of wet spells in the Yangtze River Basin from 1961 to 2003 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G.-J. Zhao G. Hörmann N. Fohrer J.-F. Gao J.-Q. Zhai Z.-X. Zhang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,98(1-2):107-117
Daily precipitation records of 147 meteorological stations over the Yangtze River Basin have permitted a detailed analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of wet spells during the period 1961–2003 by distinguishing average daily amount thresholds of 90th and 95th percentiles. The analysis are based on several time series, namely the number of the days in wet spells, the longest wet spell and the precipitation amount in wet spells. Time series trends analyses are compiled for each station by means of the Mann-Kendall test, for four sub-regions. The results show that the annual precipitation in wet spells is higher in the southeast area and the eastern Tibetan Plateau than in the other parts. The longest wet spells are found in the eastern Tibetan Plateau for both the thresholds. The indices in wet spells for most stations have no significant trends. In contrast, only some stations in eastern Tibetan Plateau and the lower Yangtze River Basin increase significantly, while some in the middle reaches show significant decreasing trends. The regional trends analysis presents a noticeable downward trend in the middle Yangtze River Basin and upward trends in the eastern Tibetan Plateau for both 90th and 95th percentiles, however, the upward trend in the lower Yangtze River Basin and downward trends in the upper Jinshajiang River Basin are not significant. 相似文献
20.
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation over Eastern China in the Warm Season 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Based on hourly precipitation data in eastern China in the warm season during 1961-2000,spatial distributions of frequency for 20 mm h 1 and 50 mm h 1 precipitation were analyzed,and the criteria of short-duration rainfall events and severe rainfall events are discussed.Furthermore,the percentile method was used to define local hourly extreme precipitation;based on this,diurnal variations and trends in extreme precipitation were further studied.The results of this study show that,over Yunnan,South China,North China,and Northeast China,the most frequent extreme precipitation events occur most frequently in late afternoon and/or early evening.In the Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,the maximum frequency of extreme precipitation events occurs in the late night and/or early morning.And in the western Sichuan Plateau,the maximum frequency occurs in the middle of the night.The frequency of extreme precipitation (based on hourly rainfall measurements) has increased in most parts of eastern China,especially in Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but precipitation has decreased significantly in North China in the past 50 years.In addition,stations in the Guizhou Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit significant increasing trends in hourly precipitation extremes during the nighttime more than during the daytime. 相似文献