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中国红树林资源状况及其药用调查 Ⅲ.民间药用与药物研究状况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对中国红树植物药用状况和研究现状进行了调查.结果表明,中国共有红树植物20科37种,已发现具有药用价值的有23种,民间药用的红树植物主要有13种.已经有26种红树植物涉及到了化学成分的研究,其中木榄、秋茄、老鼠勒、榄李、海漆、木果楝、桐花树、白骨壤和玉蕊等研究较多.主要化合物结构类型包括二萜、三萜、甾体、黄酮、木脂素和生物碱等,显示抗菌、抗肿瘤、拒食、酶抑制、降压等多种生物活性,具有较高的药物开发应用价值. 相似文献
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于2009年6—7月,采用对卫星影像图的分析和解译与实地样方、样线调查相结合的方法,对海南省红树林自然保护区红树林分布、红树植物种类及红树植物群系进行了调查,红树林保护区共有真红树植物11科24种,有半红树植物10科12种,常见的优势种类主要有白骨壤、桐花树、红海榄、角果木、秋茄、海莲和榄李等。主要群落类型有白骨壤群落、红海榄群落、桐花树群落、木榄群落、角果木群落、正红树群落、海莲群落、榄李群落、杯萼海桑群落。文章简介了海南省保护区红树林引种修复现状,指出红树林具有重要的生态、社会与经济价值,对海南省社会经济可持续发展十分重要,红树林资源受到开发活动的影响而引起各级政府重视,因此红树林得到了更多的保护,退塘还林、植树造林工作有序开展。 相似文献
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近年来,作者在进行海岸植物调查研究中,于1985年在我省龙海、漳浦发现红树植物一新种厦门老鼠簕(Acanthus xiamenensis R.T.Zhang),1989年又在我省云霄县采到红树植物卤蕨(Acrostichum aureum L.)(图1)。这样,福建红树植物由原来记载的7种,增加到9种。这里值得指出的是倪正泉等(1987)。在《福建水产》发表了“福建海岸红树林的种类和分布”一文中,报道了福建红树植物有10种,但其中小花老鼠簕(Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.)属于植物鉴定上的错 相似文献
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表1北仑河口国家级自然保护区老鼠簕群落的主要分布区域及其面积北仑河口国家级自然保护区位于我国大陆海岸的西南端,东南临北部湾,西南与越南相邻。现有红树林面积约1 131hm2,主要群落可划分为8个群系、14个群落类型。红树植物种类有14种,其中真红树有10种,半红树有4种。组成红树植物群落的主要建群种有卤蕨(Acrostichumaureum)、白骨壤(Avicenniamarina)、桐花树(Aegicerascorniculatum)、秋茄(Kandeliacandel)、木榄(Bruguieragymnorrhiza)、海漆(Excoecariaagallocha)、老鼠簕(Acanthusilicifolius)和银叶树(Heritieralittoralis)8… 相似文献
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红树植物花粉在我国东南部海域沉积物中的分布及古环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为搞清我国陆架的孢粉、藻类分布规律，于１９７２年先后对黄海、东海、南海海底沉积物作了孢粉、藻类研究。结果表明，在黄海，东海表层沉积物中红树植物花粉主要由黑潮暖流北上携带而来，在南海沿岸的海湾和河流入海处沉积物中红树植物花粉含量高；水下古海岸线附近含量亦高，南海北部钻孔中的红树植物花粉系由海流搬运我国沿岸物质沉积而成；南部钻孔中的红树植物花粉主要是海流将马来西亚的菲律宾沿岸物质搬运沉积而成。 相似文献
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脂肪酸的组成分析对认识红树植物脂肪酸资源、红树林生态系统内部的营养关系、食物网的结构,以及红树植物对生境的适应等具有重要参考价值。本研究分析了海南岛铁炉港和清澜港两个港湾的红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)、杯萼海桑(Sonneratia alba)、木果楝(Xylocarpus granatum)、角果木(Ceriops tagal)、榄李(Lumnitzera racemosa)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)和正红树(Rhizophora apiculata)等7种不同红树植物叶片中脂肪酸的组成及含量。在样品中共检测出25种脂肪酸,其中月桂酸、棕榈酸和肉豆蔻酸等8种存在于所有样品中。样品中含量最高的饱和脂肪酸均为棕榈酸(占比44.32%),其次为硬脂酸(占比7.74%),不饱和脂肪酸含量较高的有油酸(占比7.61%)、亚油酸(占比9.81%)和二十碳烯酸(占比12.16%)。植物样品的脂肪酸不饱和指数为0.24～1.13。除木果楝和清澜港采集的木榄样品外,其余样品种的不饱和脂肪酸含量均低于饱和脂肪酸。铁炉港的红海榄、杯萼海桑、角果木和榄李4种植物叶... 相似文献
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1 中国红树林的种类及其分布 红树林和珊瑚礁一样是热带海岸独特的景观。红树主要生长在潮间带区域的高、中潮带,由于受到潮汐的影响,在高潮线附近具有水、陆两栖现象。在组成红树林的种类中不仅包括红树科植物,而且包括多种其他科的植物共同组成红树林群落。根据资料记载,全世界的红树植物已达24科30属82种,目前我国已发现16 相似文献
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红树植物次生木质部的结构与进化 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
研究了红树科Rhizophoraceae的木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza、海莲Bruguiera sexangula、角果木Ceriops tagal和秋茄Kandelia candel;马鞭草科Verbenaceae的白骨壤Avicennia marina;紫金牛科Mysinaceae的桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum和海桑和Sonneratiaceae的海桑Sonneratia caeseolaria次生木质部的结构与进化关系,红树科植物的次生木质部结构比马鞭草科、紫金牛科和海桑科的植物原始;红树科中的竹节树属Carallia和山红树属Pellacalyx为陆生的非红树植物,它们次生木质部结构比海生的红树料红树植物木榄属、秋茄属、角果木属更为进化,即导管为单穿孔、管间纹孔式为互利式纹孔.单穿孔的导管存在,是长期的进化过程中,遇到干旱环境而产生的特化现象,而海生红树科植物进入海滩沼译后,木质部仍具有原始性状. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献