共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
随着陆地地震勘探工作的加深,勘探环境变得越来越复杂,获得的地震信号信噪比越来越低,这给地震成像和数据解释带来了巨大的困难.为了解决这一技术难题,本文针对云南山地金属矿区的勘探环境提出了一种基于自适应阈值递归循环平移的Shearlet变换去噪算法（Recursive Cycle Spinning Shearlet Transform,RCSST）.首次将递归循环平移与Shearlet变换相结合,利用Shearlet变换的多尺度多方向特性对平移后的地震资料进行分解变换,之后,我们又提出了一种全新的自适应阈值,避免了信号系数被过度扼杀,同时也保护了有效信号.实验表明基于自适应阈值的RCSST算法克服了传统Shearlet变换去噪算法在低信噪比下易出现假轴的弊端并且能够有效地保护信号的幅度.在处理较低信噪比的模拟和实际云南山地地区地震资料的过程中,本文方法能够较好的压制随机噪声和保护有效信号. 相似文献
2.
随着山地和丘陵地震勘探环境的复杂化,传统的消噪方法已经难以有效地压制地震记录中的随机噪声.Shearlet变换是一种新的多尺度多方向的时频分析方法,具有良好的稀疏表示特性,并且在每个尺度进行方向分解,非常适合用于地震信号随机噪声的压制.但是传统的Shearlet变换去噪方法采用的是硬阈值,在抑制随机噪声的同时也消除了很多有效信号,使得去噪之后的地震资料出现虚假的同相轴,为了解决这一问题我们提出高阶加权阈值函数.高阶加权阈值函数不但整体上连续性较好,而且克服了硬阈值函数存在剧烈的变化的缺点以及软阈值在处理较大Shearlet系数总存在恒定偏差的问题,同时保留了传统的软硬阈值函数的优点.实验结果表明这种基于高阶加权阈值函数的Shearlet变换去噪的方法,可以有效的消除模拟地震信号和实际丘陵地带地震信号中的随机噪声,同时很好的保留有效信号的幅度. 相似文献
3.
地震信号中的随机噪声是一种干扰波,严重降低了地震信号的信噪比,并影响着资料的后续处理和分析.本文根据地震信号中有效信号和随机噪声的差异,结合分数阶B样条小波变换与高斯尺度混合模型提出了一种地震信号随机噪声压制方法.首先利用分数阶B样条小波变换将含噪地震信号映射到最优分数阶小波时频域内,然后对各小波子带系数分别建立高斯尺度混合模型,由贝叶斯方法估计出源地震信号小波系数,最后使用分数阶B样条小波逆变换重构得到降噪后的地震信号.利用本文方法对合成地震记录和实际地震信号进行降噪处理,实验结果表明本文方法能够有效地压制地震信号中的随机噪声,并且较好地保留了有效信号. 相似文献
4.
《应用地球物理》2017,(4)
全张量重力梯度(FTG)数据包含大量场源体的细节信息,其滤波处理对异常的反演和解释结果有重要影响,本文提出一种基于平移不变量小波的自适应混合阈值滤波方法,可有效压制随机噪声并保留数据细节信息。建立了新的混合阈值法,根据信号和随机噪声所对应小波系数的能量分布进行滤波。平移不变量小波能有效压制伪吉布斯现象,混合阈值方法相对传统阈值能得到更好的信噪小波系数的分离,同时,根据每个分解尺度上小波系数的统计特性,使用自适应贝叶斯阈值进行小波系数的处理。此外,应用二维离散小波变换直接处理网格数据,可以提高计算效率。模型数据和实测数据处理的结果表明,相对高斯滤波器,本文所提出的方法不仅能有效去除高斯白噪声,还能更好地保留FTG数据的高频细节信息,具有良好的实际应用前景。 相似文献
5.
经验模态分解算法(EMD)是一种基于有效波和噪声尺度差异进行波场分离的随机噪声压制方法,但由于实际地震数据波场复杂,导致模态混叠较严重,仅凭该方法进行去噪很难达到理想效果.本文基于EMD算法对信号多尺度的分解特性,结合Hausdorff维数约束条件,提出一种用于地震随机噪声衰减的新方法.首先对地震数据进行EMD自适应分解,得到一系列具有不同尺度的、分形自相似性的固有模态分量(IMF);在此基础上,基于有效信号和随机噪声的Hausdorff维数差异,识别混有随机噪声的IMF分量,对该分量进行相关的阈值滤波处理,从而实现有效信号和随机噪声的有效分离.文中从仿真信号试验出发,到模型地震数据和实际地震数据的测试处理,同时与传统的EMD处理结果相对比.结果表明,本文方法对地震随机噪声的衰减有更佳的压制效果. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
由于微地震信号能量微弱、信噪比低,需要对采集到的微地震数据进行去噪处理,从而提高微地震记录的信噪比,提高震源定位的精度.目前存在许多基于模型的先进滤波方法,如基于机理模型的卡尔曼滤波已经成功应用在微地震信号去噪中.为了建立微地震信号的数学模型,改善卡尔曼滤波效果,本文通过数据辨识方法,对微地震信号建立了ARMA模型,并进一步转化为适用于卡尔曼滤波算法的状态空间模型.在此基础上研究了卡尔曼滤波方法,设计了适用于微地震去噪的卡尔曼滤波实现算法.理论模型和实际微地震监测数据处理结果表明,基于辨识模型的卡尔曼滤波算法能够有效抑制微地震信号中的随机噪声,显著提高微地震监测信号的信噪比,从而验证了该辨识模型的准确性和滤波算法的可行性. 相似文献
7.
复杂地表和复杂介质条件下,随机噪声往往严重影响着复杂地震信号的信噪比,同时深层地球物理目标探查中弱地震信号总是被随机噪声所掩盖,如何有效地压制随机噪声干扰、恢复有效地震信号仍然是高精度地震勘探中的关键问题.压缩感知理论突破了奈奎斯特采样定理的限制,利用有效地震信号的可压缩性和稀疏性,提供了从不可压缩随机噪声中进行有效信号分离的数据原理.本文系统分析压缩感知框架下地震随机噪声压制的稀疏优化反问题,提出了基于迭代软阈值算法的"采集-重建-修复"方案对该问题进行求解.在实现高度稀疏表征的基础上进行地震数据的压缩感知随机观测,通过迭代反演对有效地震信号进行重构,有效提高复杂地震数据的信噪比,同时,当求解稀疏优化问题时,如果出现正则化项引起重构信号衰减现象,可以匹配除偏对衰减的有效信号进行修复.通过与工业标准 f-x预测滤波方法进行比较,理论模型和实际数据处理的结果表明,压缩感知迭代噪声压制方法对复杂地震数据中的随机噪声有较好的压制效果,可以有效恢复出被较强非平稳随机噪声干扰的时空变同相轴信息. 相似文献
8.
Curvelet阈值迭代法地震随机噪声压制(英文) 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文将近些年发展起来的多尺度分析技术——Curvelet变换与求解优化反演问题的阈值迭代法相结合,研究了基于Curvelet变换的阈值迭代法在地震数据随机噪声衰减中的应用。充分利用了Curvelet变换对地震数据表示的稀疏性,提出将地震数据随机噪声压制问题转化为基于Curvelet稀疏变换的L1范数最优化问题,并采用前人提出的阈值迭代法求解。通过与常规的中值滤波、FX反褶积和小波阈值法去噪方法对比,理论合成数据和实际数据试算表明,Curvelet阈值迭代法去噪法具有优势,该法不仅能够获得较高的信噪比,而且对有效信号的损失较小。为充分利甩Curvelet的多尺度、多方向特性,提出了在Curvelet阈值迭代法去噪结果的基础上再进行方向控制,进一步提高了数据信噪比。 相似文献
9.
分布式光纤传感器(distributed fiber-optical acoustic sensor,DAS)是一种快速发展的具有巨大应用前景的地震勘探检波器技术.实际DAS地震资料往往会受到大量强能量随机噪声的干扰,通常表现为低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR).这一现象给接下来的成像、反演以及解释带来了巨大的困难,因此如何压制DAS地震资料中的随机噪声并提高其SNR成为一个有待解决的技术问题.卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)已经被证明是一种有效的噪声压制工具.通常情况下,CNN需要一个理论纯净地震数据集来优化网络,这极大地限制了CNN在DAS地震资料处理中的应用.在本文中,我们采用正演模拟的方法来构建理论纯净DAS地震数据集,通过正演模型的参数多样化增强数据集的真实性,从而获得适合DAS地震资料随机噪声压制的CNN去噪模型.此外,在网络结构方面,我们利用泄漏线性整流单元作为CNN的激活函数增强训练后模型对微弱有效信号的恢复能力;在训练过程中,通过能量比矩阵调节噪声片和有效信号片之间的SNR,增强CNN去噪模型对于不同SNR的DAS地震数据的适应性.模拟和实际实验均表明本文提出的这种正演模型驱动的卷积神经网络(forward-model-actuation convolutional neural network,FMA-CNN)能够有效地压制DAS随机噪声同时完整地恢复有效信号. 相似文献
10.
随机噪声的压制在提高地震资料信噪比方面发挥重要作用.考虑到传统去噪方法在构造复杂地区难以取得理想的去噪结果,本文提出基于Hessian矩阵特征值对应的线性目标关系在多个尺度上对随机噪声进行压制.该方法将地震信号看作不同尺度的曲线,从而利用Hessian矩阵在曲线检测方面表现出的良好性能实现信噪分离.该方法与传统方法相比不受地层倾角的限制,因此能够处理构造较为复杂地区的地震数据.利用模型及实际资料对该方法进行了验证并与传统方法F-X反褶积的去噪结果做对比,结果表明基于Hessian矩阵的随机噪声压制方法在构造复杂地区能够保持有效信号的完整性. 相似文献
11.
Noise suppression for microseismic data by non‐subsampled shearlet transform based on singular value decomposition 
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下载免费PDF全文 The existence of strong random noise in surface microseismic data may decrease the utility of these data. Non‐subsampled shearlet transform can effectively suppress noise by properly setting a threshold to the non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients. However, when the signal‐to‐noise ratio of data is low, the coefficients related to the noise are very close to the coefficients associated with signals in the non‐subsampled shearlet transform domain that the coefficients related to the noise will be retained and be treated as signals. Therefore, we need to minimise the overlapping coefficients before thresholding. In this paper, a singular value decomposition algorithm is introduced to the non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients, and low‐rank approximation reconstructs each non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficient matrix in the singular value decomposition domain. The non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients of signals have bigger singular values than those of the random noise, which implies that the non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients can be well estimated by taking only a few largest singular values. Therefore, those properties of singular value decomposition may significantly help minimise overlapping of noise and signals coefficients in the non‐subsampled shearlet transform domain. Finally, the denoised microseismic data are obtained easily by giving a simple threshold to the reconstructed coefficient matrix. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on both synthetic and field microseismic data. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can eliminate random noise and preserve signals of interest more effectively. 相似文献
12.
First-break picking of microseismic data is a significant step in microseismic monitoring. There is a great error in conventional first-break picking methods based on time domain analysis in low signal to noise ratio. S-transform may provide a novel approach, it can extract the time–frequency features of the signal and reduce the picking error because of its high time–frequency resolution and good time–frequency clustering; however, the S-transform is not well suited for microseismic data with high noise. For applications to array data where the weak signal has spatial coherency as well as some distinct temporal characteristics, we propose to combine the shearlet transform with a time–frequency transform. In the proposed method, the shearlet transform is used to capture spatial coherency features of the signal. The information of the signal and noise in shearlet domain is represented by shearlet coefficients. We use the correlation of signal coefficients at adjacent fine scales to give prominence to signal features to accurately discriminate the signal from noise. The prominent signal coefficients make the signal better gathered in time–frequency spectrum of the S-transform. Finally, we can get reliable and accurate first breaks based on the change of energy. The performance of the proposed method was tested on synthetic and field microseismic data. The experimental results indicated that our method is outstanding in terms of both picking precision and adaptability to noise. 相似文献
13.
Seismic channel edge detection using 3D shearlets—a study on synthetic and real channelised 3D seismic data 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Haleh Karbalaali Abdolrahim Javaherian Stephan Dahlke Rafael Reisenhofer Siyavash Torabi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(7):1272-1289
Automatic feature detection from seismic data is a demanding task in today's interpretation workstations. Channels are among important stratigraphic features in seismic data both due to their reservoir capability or drilling hazard potential. Shearlet transform as a multi‐scale and multi‐directional transformation is capable of detecting anisotropic singularities in two and higher dimensional data. Channels occur as edges in seismic data, which can be detected based on maximizing the shearlet coefficients through all sub‐volumes at the finest scale of decomposition. The detected edges may require further refinement through the application of a thinning methodology. In this study, a three‐dimensional, pyramid‐adapted, compactly supported shearlet transform was applied to synthetic and real channelised, three‐dimensional post‐stack seismic data in order to decompose the data into different scales and directions for the purpose of channel boundary detection. In order to be able to compare the edge detection results based on three‐dimensional shearlet transform with some famous gradient‐based edge detectors, such as Sobel and Canny, a thresholding scheme is necessary. In both synthetic and real data examples, the three‐dimensional shearlet edge detection algorithm outperformed Sobel and Canny operators even in the presence of Gaussian random noise. 相似文献
14.
Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved. 相似文献
15.
Most of the microseismic signals have low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the strong background noise, which makes it difficult to locate the first arrival time. Both accuracy and stability of conventional methods are poor in this situation. To overcome this problem, here we proposed a new method based on the adaptive Morlet wavelet and principal component analysis process in wavelet coefficients matrix. The three components of microseismic signal make it possible to extract the features in wavelet coefficients domain. Then the reconstructed signal from weighted features presents an obvious first arrival. Tests on synthetic signals and real data provide a solid evidence for its feasibility in low SNR microseismic signal. 相似文献
16.
井下微震监测获得的地震记录往往包含大量的噪声,记录信噪比很低.有效地震信号的识别与提取是进行后续地震定位等工作之前需要优先解决的问题.经过研究发现,井下水压裂微地震信号具有稀疏分布的特征,而井下环境噪声则具有更多的Gaussian分布特征.为此,本文提出将图像处理领域适宜于稀疏分布信号降噪处理的稀疏码收缩方法应用于井下微震监测数据处理.为解决需要利用与待处理数据中有效信号成分具有相似分布特征的无噪信号序列估算正交基以及计算效率等问题,将原方法与小波变换理论相结合.即通过优选小波基函数作为正交基进行小波变换将信号分解为不同级的小波系数,利用稀疏码收缩方法中对稀疏编码施加的非线性收缩方式作为阈值准则对小波系数进行改造.通过多方面的数值实验证明了该方法在处理地震子波及井下微地震信号方面准确可靠.含噪记录经过处理后有效地震信号的到时、波形、时频谱特征等均能得到良好的识别和恢复.并且该方法具有很强的抗噪能力,当信噪比低至-20~-30db时,仍然能够发挥作用.在处理大量实际井下微震监测数据的过程中,面对多种复杂情况,本方法展现出了计算效率高、计算结果可靠、应用简单等优势,证明了其本身具有实际应用价值,值得进一步的研究和推广. 相似文献
17.
The first arrival time picking is a crucial step in microseismic data processing. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, however, it is difficult to get the first arrival time accurately with traditional methods. In this paper, we propose the double-sliding-window SW (DWSW) method based on the Shapiro-Wilk (SW) test. The DWSW method is used to detect the first arrival time by making full use of the differences between background noise and effective signals in the statistical properties. Specifically speaking, we obtain the moment corresponding to the maximum as the first arrival time of microseismic data when the statistic of our method reaches its maximum. Hence, in our method, there is no need to select the threshold, which makes the algorithm more facile when the SNR of microseismic data is low. To verify the reliability of the proposed method, a series of experiments is performed on both synthetic and field microseismic data. Our method is compared with the traditional short-time and long-time average (STA/LTA) method, the Akaike information criterion, and the kurtosis method. Analysis results indicate that the accuracy rate of the proposed method is superior to that of the other three methods when the SNR is as low as ??10 dB. 相似文献
18.
Rui-Sheng Jia Hong-Mei Sun Yan-Jun Peng Yong-Quan Liang Xin-Ming Lu 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(4):735-748
Microseismic monitoring is an effective means for providing early warning of rock or coal dynamical disasters, and its first step is microseismic event detection, although low SNR microseismic signals often cannot effectively be detected by routine methods. To solve this problem, this paper presents permutation entropy and a support vector machine to detect low SNR microseismic events. First, an extraction method of signal features based on multi-scale permutation entropy is proposed by studying the influence of the scale factor on the signal permutation entropy. Second, the detection model of low SNR microseismic events based on the least squares support vector machine is built by performing a multi-scale permutation entropy calculation for the collected vibration signals, constructing a feature vector set of signals. Finally, a comparative analysis of the microseismic events and noise signals in the experiment proves that the different characteristics of the two can be fully expressed by using multi-scale permutation entropy. The detection model of microseismic events combined with the support vector machine, which has the features of high classification accuracy and fast real-time algorithms, can meet the requirements of online, real-time extractions of microseismic events. 相似文献