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永胜金沙江寨子村古滑坡和古堰塞湖的发现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在滇西北地区永胜南部金沙江的右岸,发现了总方量为2.5×108 m3的超大型古滑坡.滑坡后缘及两侧断壁为近直立的石灰岩峭壁,高5 ～30 m.滑床发育有规模不一的冲沟,覆盖有发育植被的坡积物、倒石堆和巨石.该滑坡曾造成过严重的堵江事件,在金沙江左岸仍然可以看到垄岗状残留滑坡坝,坝体方量约180×104 m3,滑坡坝和坝体后侧基岩界限清晰,两者之间岩性区别较大.滑坡堵江事件在上游形成了沿江连续分布长度约46 km的古堰塞湖沉积,沉积物主要由粉土、粉质粘土及粉细砂构成,偶夹卵石层,以水平层理为主,粉细砂层中见有小型交错层理,湖相沉积特征显著,而沉积物的树枝状平面分布进一步证实其形成于堰塞湖环境. 相似文献
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《地理与地理信息科学》2016,(5)
滑坡体堵江易发性评价是滑坡堵江风险研究中的短板,不利于其防灾减灾工作的开展。该文以物质来源、水力条件和河谷地形为主要影响因素进行滑坡体堵江概率预测分析和应用,提供了基于GIS技术的河谷横剖面形态参数自动提取方法,以定量表征河谷地形特征;以中国喜马拉雅山地区为例,分别提取堵江滑坡和非堵江滑坡事件为样本,基于逻辑回归建立了研究区滑坡体堵江概率预测模型,经验证精度较理想。取得的主要结论有:1)河谷横剖面形态参数自动提取方法,具有面向对象、表征全面、提高计算效率和精度等优点。2)在中国喜马拉雅山地区,堵江滑坡事件与非堵江滑坡事件发生处河谷横剖面的坡高、不同深度宽深比、凹度和河宽指数具有显著差异,其中河宽指数差异最大,3/4坡高宽深比次之。3)基于逻辑回归开展滑坡体堵江易发性评价是可行的,该方法在中国喜马拉雅山地区的应用精度达80%以上,各变量按照与滑坡体堵江形成的相关性从大到小依次是坡高宽深比、滑坡面积、工程地质岩组、河宽指数和凹度。 相似文献
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冰碛为冰川搬运和堆积的松散物质,发育在其上的公路滑坡较为少见,缺少相关经验与试验数据。作者考察研究了国内外关于堆积层滑坡的治理现状,结合锚固工程界专家提出的锚固工程研究方向,在现场贴片锚固试验的基础上,对发育在冰碛物上的滑坡体锚固工程进行了专题研究,综合考虑不同锚索型式、不同锚索锚固段长度、不同张拉吨位对锚索锚固段应力分布规律的影响,得出了适用于冰碛物滑坡的锚固试验结论,经过综合比选推荐了一种适用的锚索锚固型式。并结合试验结果通过有限元试算,提出了适宜的建模边界条件。 相似文献
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澜沧江中下游滑坡泥石流分布规律与危险区划 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
澜沧江中下游地区滑坡泥石流灾害分布广泛,通过调查,研究区发育滑坡泥石流灾害点1152处,严重影响航道畅通、水利水电建设和城镇发展。本文分析丁滑坡泥石流灾害分布规律、影响滑坡泥石流形成发展的静态环境因素组合和动态因素组合。开展滑坡泥石流危难区划评价,是为了进一步认识该地区滑坡泥石流恬动规律和发展趋势,为流域区域开发提供科学依据。本文应用因子叠置法、极差分析法和模糊数学理论对研究区滑坡泥石流危险度进行综合医划,划分出高、中、低危险区和危险江段,为制定澜沧江中下游地区滑坡泥石流减灾防灾中长期规划提科学依据。 相似文献
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汶川地震触发的绵远河流域崩塌滑坡的特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用地震后ALOS影像自动提取了汶川地震重灾区绵远河流域内的崩塌滑坡,结合野外调查共确定地震触发崩塌滑坡1 073处,面积48.5 km2.其中分布最广、数量最多的是浅层崩滑体;同时由于地震力作用强烈,触发了许多深层、高速、远程滑坡,并形成了大量的滑坡堰塞湖.汶川地震诱发的第二大滑坡文家沟滑坡就位于流域内,该滑坡是本次地震中滑动距离最远的滑坡.地震导致大量的碎屑物质堆积在沟道内或悬挂在斜坡上,为泥石流的发生提供了有利条件.基于GIS的统计分析表明,地震滑坡的空间分布主要受发震断层的控制,流域内的崩塌滑坡受到了映秀-北川断裂和江油-都江堰断裂的双重影响,主要分布于两断裂上盘的一定范围内;地层岩性影响着地震滑坡的类型,岩浆岩、白云岩等硬岩主要发育浅层崩滑体,而上硬下软的地层多发生大型滑坡;大部分崩塌滑坡都发生在海拔1 000～2 000 m的高程内;坡度是崩塌滑坡发生的主要控制因素之一,大部分崩塌滑坡发生在25°～55°的范围内;坡向对滑坡的分布也有一定的影响,背靠震源(发震断层)方向的斜坡比面向震源(发震断层)方向更容易发生滑坡. 相似文献
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安县雎水河流域地质灾害发育、分布及影响因素 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
安县雎水河流域属龙门山山脉与四川盆地过渡地区,地形切割强烈,地层岩性复杂,活动断裂发育,特别是"5.12"汶川特大地震后,区内地质环境变得十分脆弱,大型、特大型崩塌滑坡泥石流流十分发育,具有数量多、规模大、分布范围广,呈区域性密集分布等特征.在"成兰线雎水河段卫星遥感解译图"的基础上,通过对该流域两次详细的地质测绘调查,分析了地质灾害的发育、分布特性及其影响因素,进而对灾后重建提供一定的参考依据.研究得出的主要认识有:(1)地质灾害在流域内分布范围广、密度大、呈密集性分布,"成群成带性"现象明显;(2)地质灾害的分布与地形地貌有密切的关系,大多数地质灾害发生在高程800～1 500 m,坡度30°～50°的范围内;(3)地质灾害主要沿雎水河及其支流两岸发生,多呈线性分布;(4)发震断裂控制着地质灾害的分布,在断层的上下盘分布表现出明显的差异,断层上盘的地质灾害数量明显多于下盘,距发震断裂10 km范围是地质灾害最为发育的区域;(5)地层岩性与地质灾害的类型有密切的关系,坚硬、较坚硬岩组中的崩塌数量远远多于软弱泥页岩、千枚岩岩组,软岩、极软岩岩组中的滑坡比坚硬岩中相对要多;(6)不同的岸坡结构控制着地质灾害的发育、分布,横向岸坡中崩滑最为发育,其次为斜向倾内层状岸坡.另外,中陡倾岸坡中的地质灾害较缓倾岸坡发育;(7)地质灾害的类型、发育分布与也与坡体结构、岩体结构及其组合特征有一定的关系.研究发现,顺层边坡中如发育有陡倾坡内的结构面,则易形成滑坡,而反倾边坡中如发育有倾坡外的结构面则更易形成崩塌. 相似文献
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西藏帕隆藏布河谷崩塌滑坡、泥石流的分布规律 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
西藏帕隆藏布河谷崩塌滑坡、泥石流灾害严重。崩塌滑坡、泥石流的分布 ,因谷坡坡向的水热条件差异而导致坡向差异 ,因地貌发育和形态的沿程分异显现沿程差异 ,因其促发条件的差异又显现灾种差异。采用有序样品最优分割和方差分析等定量方法 ,揭示了崩塌滑坡、泥石流的差异性分布规律 :全河段可分为上游峡谷泥石流密集段 ,中游宽谷泥石流及崩塌滑坡较密集段 ,和下游、拉月曲峡谷崩塌滑坡、泥石流极密集段 ;北岸崩塌滑坡和泥石流比南岸数量多、规模大 ;崩塌滑坡有向下游增大增多之趋势。进而对道路平面选线原则提出了建议。 相似文献
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针对四川宝兴县大板桥堵江滑坡堆积体,在现场调查分析的基础上,对其作坝存在的主要工程地质问题及作坝的可行性进行了分析研究,为开展堵江滑坡作坝提供参考。 相似文献
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岷江上游多级多期崩滑堵江事件初步研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
本文研究了岷江上游地区较场-茂县-汶川长约100km河段上形成多级、多期大型滑坡堵江事件。研究表明，这类特殊的地质灾害有其发生发展的特殊的地质背景，它们造成的灾害和环境效应较一般的滑坡灾害更严重。有针对性对岷江上游这类灾害进一步深入研究是很必要的。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe size and spatial distribution of loess slides are important for estimating the yield of eroded materials and determining the landslide risk. While previous studies have investigated landslide size distributions, the spatial distribution pattern of landslides at different spatial scales is poorly understood. The results indicate that the loess slide distribution exhibits a power-law scaling across a range of the size distribution. The mean landslide size and size distribution in the different geomorphic types are different. The double Pareto and inverse gamma functions can coincide well with the empirical probability distribution of the loess slide areas and can quantitatively reveal the rollover location, maximum probability, and scaling exponents. The frequency of loess slides increases with mean monthly precipitation. Moreover, point distance analysis showed that > 80% of landslides are located < 3 km from other loess slides. We found that the loess slides at the two study sites (Zhidan and Luochuan County) in northern Shaanxi Province, China show a significant clustered distribution. Furthermore, analysis results of the correlated fractal dimension show that the landslides exhibit a dispersed distribution at smaller spatial scales and a clustered distribution at larger spatial scales. 相似文献
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A case study of coseismic landslides and post-seismic sedimentary impacts of landslides due to rainfall events was conducted in the Tachia River basin, Taichung County, central Taiwan. About 3000 coseismic landslides occurred in the basin during the ML 7.3 Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999. The deposits from these landslides provided material for numerous debris flows induced by subsequent rainfall events. The estimated 4.1 × 107 m3 of landslide debris produced in the upland area caused sediment deposition in riverbeds, and flash floods inundated downstream areas with sediment during torrential rains. The landslide frequency-size distributions for the coseismic landslides and the subsequent rainfall-induced landslides were analyzed to determine the sediment budgets of the post-seismic geomorphic response in the landslide-dominated basin. Both the coseismic and the rainfall-induced landslides show a power–law frequency-size distribution with a rollover. It was found that the rainfall-induced landslide magnitude was smaller than the coseismic one, and that both have comparable negative scaling exponents in cumulative form, of about − 2.0 for larger landslides (> 10− 2 km2). This may be attributed to ongoing movement or reactivation of old landslides, and a natural stabilisation of small landslides between 10− 4 and 10− 2 km2. It is proposed that the characteristics of geological formations and rainfall as well as changes in landslide area are reflected in the power–law distribution. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on origin, morphology and evolution of seven landslide dams in southeastern Sicily. These landforms are part of a set of 146 landslides recently recognised in this area, which was hitherto considered to have little or no slope instability. Southeastern Sicily consists of a plateau (the Hyblaean Mountains) incised by canyons and surrounded by lower lands. It is underlain mostly by subhorizontal, moderately to well-lithified carbonate rocks. Relief is low.Several lines of evidence justify the assumption of a seismic trigger for the landslides in this area: (1) the geo-climatic environment is not favourable to landsliding, (2) low-angle basal shear surfaces are very frequent, (3) landslide distribution is consistent with the known magnitude–distance relationships for earthquake-induced landslides, (4) historical documents testify to earthquake-triggered slope instability and (5) a specific landslide can be exactly dated.The phenomena illustrated here include six rock slides (one with a debris-flow component) and one rock fall. Slip surfaces are mostly non-circular. Landslide volume ranges from about 50×103 to 34×106 m3.With reference to the Costa and Schuster [Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 100 (1988) 1054] classification of landslide dams, five cases belong to type II (spanning the entire valley), and two to type IV (failures from both valley sides, with frontal or side contact between failed masses). With reference to Crozier and Pillans [Catena 18 (1991) 471] classification of landslide lakes, all cases show a main valley lake while tributary valley, back and supra lakes are sporadically present. One damming is attributable to the 1693 earthquake with certainty; another damming, to the same earthquake with high probability. Three dams were reincised, one breached or reincised, one is slightly reincised and two more or less intact; correspondingly, five silting up deposits were reincised, one is being reincised at present and two are still under formation. 相似文献
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On the spatial relationship between landslides and causative factors on Lantau Island, Hong Kong 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This paper presents a statistical approach to study the spatial relationship between landslides and their causative factors at the regional level. The approach is based on digital databases, and incorporates such methods as statistics, spatial pattern analysis, and interactive mapping. Firstly, the authors propose an object-oriented conceptual model for describing a landslide event, and a combined database of landslides and environmental factors is constructed by integrating the various databases within such a conceptual framework. The statistical histogram, spatial overlay, and dynamic mapping methods are linked together to interactively evaluate the spatial pattern of the relationship between landslides and their causative factors. A case study of an extreme event in 1993 on Lantau Island indicates that rainfall intensity and the migration of the center of the rainstorm greatly influence the occurrence of landslides on Lantau Island. A regional difference in the relationship between landslides and topography is identified. Most of the landslides in the middle and western parts of the island occurred on slopes with slope angles of 25–35°, while in the eastern part, the corresponding range is 30–35°. Overlaying landslide data with land cover reveals that a large number of landslides occurred in the bareland and shrub-covered area, and in the transition zones between different vegetation types. The proposed approach can be used not only to analyze the general characteristics of such a relationship, but also to depict its spatial distribution and variation, thereby providing a sound basis for regional landslide prediction. 相似文献
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Analysis of casualties due to landslides from 2000 to 2012 revealed that their spatial pattern was affected by terrain and other natural environmental factors, which resulted in a higher distribution of landslide casualty events in southern China than in northern China. Hotspots of landslide-generated casualties were in the western Sichuan mountainous area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, southeast hilly area, northern part of the loess hilly area, and Tianshan and Qilian Mountains. However, local distribution patterns indicated that landslide casualty events were also influenced by economic activity factors. To quantitatively analyse the influence of natural environment and human-economic activity factors, the Probability Model for Landslide Casualty Events in China (LCEC) was built based on logistic regression analysis. The results showed that relative relief, GDP growth rate, mean annual precipitation, fault zones, and population density were positively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. Notably, GDP growth rate ranked only second to relative relief as the primary factors in the probability of casualties due to landslides. The occurrence probability of a landslide casualty event increased 2.706 times with a GDP growth rate increase of 2.72%. In contrast, vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. The LCEC model was then applied to calculate the occurrence probability of landslide casualty events for each county in China. The results showed that there are 27 counties with high occurrence probability but zero casualty events. The 27 counties were divided into three categories: poverty-stricken counties, mineral-rich counties, and real-estate overexploited counties; these are key areas that should be emphasized in reducing landslide risk. 相似文献
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Analysis of casualties due to landslides from 2000 to 2012 revealed that their spatial pattern was affected by terrain and other natural environmental factors, which resulted in a higher distribution of landslide casualty events in southern China than in northern China. Hotspots of landslide-generated casualties were in the western Sichuan mountainous area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, southeast hilly area, northern part of the loess hilly area, and Tianshan and Qilian Mountains. However, local distribution patterns indicated that landslide casualty events were also influenced by economic activity factors. To quantitatively analyse the influence of natural environment and human-economic activity factors, the Probability Model for Landslide Casualty Events in China(LCEC) was built based on logistic regression analysis. The results showed that relative relief, GDP growth rate, mean annual precipitation, fault zones, and population density were positively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. Notably, GDP growth rate ranked only second to relative relief as the primary factors in the probability of casualties due to landslides. The occurrence probability of a landslide casualty event increased 2.706 times with a GDP growth rate increase of 2.72%. In contrast, vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. The LCEC model was then applied to calculate the occurrence probability of landslide casualty events for each county in China. The results showed that there are 27 counties with high occurrence probability but zero casualty events. The 27 counties were divided into three categories: poverty-stricken counties, mineral-rich counties, and real-estate overexploited counties; these are key areas that should be emphasized in reducing landslide risk. 相似文献
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基于空间密度函数的哈尼梯田世界遗产地滑坡时空格局变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究哈尼梯田世界文化景观遗产地核心区滑坡灾害时空分布规律，以Google Earth 0.55 m分辨率的2005、2009、2015年3期遥感影像为基础，结合实地走访调查，建立滑坡数据库，在ArcGIS 10.2平台上计算滑坡点的最邻近指数、K函数曲线及密度分布。结果显示：1）哈尼梯田遗产核心区2005、2009、2015年的滑坡数量分别为184、337和285个，对应最邻近指数为0.556、0.603、0.628；最显著聚集的空间尺度为1 000 m，从聚集向离散分布转变的空间尺度阈值分别为2.9、3.9、3.6 km。2）3个年份滑坡点高密度区占比逐渐增加（2.3%→5.8%→8.3%），中密度区占比亦逐渐增大（15.7%→21.8%→27.9%），低密度区占比逐渐减小（82.0%→72.5%→66.8%）。3）需要重点防范滑坡灾害风险的区域为森林区的西段和东段，村寨区的多依树、硐浦、勐品、水卜龙等地，以及阿勐控河和碧猛河流域内的梯田区。综上，研究区2005－2015年滑坡空间格局发生了显著变化，随着人类活动对地表景观干预程度不断加大，滑坡灾害风险增加了更多的不确定性。 相似文献