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兴安落叶松、云杉、红松林木物候期对气象条件响应研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文运用spss软件对降水、温度、辐射气象因子与兴安落叶松、云杉、红松林木3个物候期芽开放期、展叶期、种子成熟期进行了相关及其回归分析，结果表明：（1）芽开放时期，兴安落叶松及其云杉与四月上旬的温度显著相关，红松与≥0℃积温、≥0℃天数内的降水、≥0℃天数内的辐射显著相关，说明红松对光、温、水的匹配要求较高；温度是影响3个树种萌芽的主要因子。（2）在展叶期，兴安落叶松、云杉、红松林与此时期的积温极显著相关，3个树种与辐射的相关性依次降低，红松与降水极显著相关。（3）展叶至种子成熟期，兴安落叶松、云杉、红松与降水无关，与辐射相关，兴安落叶松和红松与该段时期内的积温极显著相关。 相似文献
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兴安落叶松、红松、红皮云杉物候期及气象指标 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伊春市五营地区具有丰富的林业资源,掌握林木尤其是兴安落叶松、红松和红皮云杉这三大珍贵树种的物候节律及其与天气条件的关系,对林业经营具有重要意义。１观测地段和资料观测地段位于黑龙江省五营林业局中心苗圃管理区的东山风景林内,距离五营气象站观测场东南３００... 相似文献
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利用桑斯维特（Thonthwaite）的气候分类法和半峰宽（PWH）计算法，采用Kriging方法和地理信息系统（GIS）等技术，探讨了黑龙江省1961-2003年间气候变化对生态地理区域界限及当地森林主要树种分布的影响。结果表明：在气温升高的背景下，黑龙江省温带与暖温带的热量界限向北撤并东移，寒温带与温带的热量界限则大幅度北撤。同时，分布于大兴安岭的兴安落叶松、小兴安岭及东部山地的云冷杉和红松等树种的可能分布范围和最适分布范围均发生了北移。其中兴安落叶松分布总面积减少6.28万km2，云冷杉和红松分布面积均扩大1.57万km2。 相似文献
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选择生长在柴达木盆地东缘地区哈里哈图青海云杉生长上限的样本作为研究对象,通过TREE-RING生态机理模型,从树木的生理角度模拟了树木的生长。结果表明:(1)模型中调试的参数基本符合哈里哈图地区青海云杉的生长状况,模型达到了较好的拟合效果。细胞个数模拟序列和实测序列之间的相关系数达到0.51,通过了0.001显著性水平检验;轮宽指数中两者的相关系数达到0.46,通过了0.01显著性水平检验。(2)哈里哈图青海云杉生长平均开始于第129天,即5月9日;停止于第298天,即10月28日,生长期共169天,基本符合当地树木生长的实际起始时间。(3)通过宽、窄轮的形成分析发现,限制该地区树木生长的主要气候因子为树木生长前期的土壤湿度。本研究的开展为高原地区气候因子的重建提供了生理背景支持。 相似文献
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CO2浓度与土壤水分胁迫对红松和云杉苗木影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
全球气候变化对植物影响研究的主要内容是由于大气中CO2 浓度升高导致的气温升高和土壤干旱化对植物的影响。文中利用人工气候室试验研究了高CO2 浓度和土壤水分胁迫对红松和云杉的影响 ,结果表明 :CO2 浓度升高使红松和云杉生长量的增长率提高 ,土壤水分胁迫使树木生长量的增长率下降 ,且CO2 浓度升高的正效应要小于土壤水分胁迫的负效应。CO2 浓度升高使树木叶水势增大 ,土壤水分胁迫使树木叶水势减小 ,这从植物生理的角度说明了CO2 浓度变化和土壤水分胁迫对树木的影响机理 ,且在轻度干旱的情况下 ,高CO2 浓度使树木叶水势增大 ,但随着土壤干旱程度的加重 ,树木的叶水势逐渐减小。同时 ,从实验结果还可以看出 ,虽然大气中CO2 浓度和土壤湿度变化对苗木的影响显著存在 ,但与农作物和牧草等植物相比 ,这种影响仍要小得多。 相似文献
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青藏高原不同时间尺度植被变化特征及其与气候因子的关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1982-2006年GIMMS NDVI数据,以多种统计方法为基础,探讨了青藏高原(下称高原)不同时间尺度(年际、季节及月)植被变化的时空特征及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明:高原整体年平均NDVI变化呈波动上升趋势,其中夏季趋势最大,达0.004(10a)-1。不同覆盖度像元变化对总体植被变化的贡献不同,低植被覆盖像元变化对各季节总体植被变化贡献均较大,其中冬季最大;中等植被覆盖像元变化的贡献主要在秋季;高植被覆盖像元的贡献则夏季最明显。青藏高原植被变化存在显著的空间差异,其中夏季呈增加和减少趋势的面积均最大,分别达30.51%、10.52%,增加的区域主要位于高原东部,减少的区域主要在高原中部的藏北高原。进一步分析高原植被和气候因子的相关性表明,中等植被覆盖区植被与气候因子的相关性最高,其次是高植被覆盖区,低植被覆盖区的相关性则最低。在年际和季节尺度上,植被生长主要与温度和降水的累积效应有关,其中在植被生长较好的季节和区域更明显。而在月尺度上,中低植被覆盖区植被生长受短期降水事件影响较大,高植被覆盖区则仍是温度的累积效应占主导。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(4)
利用锡林郭勒草原8个气象站1960—2014年5—9月气温和0~40 cm地温逐旬观测资料,采用线性倾向估计、5 a滑动平均、线性回归等统计方法,分析锡林郭勒草原生长季地—气温度的变化特征及相关关系。结果表明:近55 a来,锡林郭勒草原生长季地—气温度都呈显著上升趋势,"前冷后暖"特点十分明显,且0~20 cm地温的增幅远高于气温,40 cm地温增幅则低于气温。生长季地—气温度月变化呈"低—高—低"抛物线形状,最高值出现在7月。5—8月地温随土层深度增加而下降,而9月地温随深度变化不明显。各层地温与气温呈显著正相关,且随深度增加相关性逐渐减小;地—气温度线性关系模型在各层拟合效果较好,用于预测和估算各层地温,基本可以满足该地区牧业生产实践的需要。 相似文献
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利用采自天山南坡托什干河流域的额河杨(Populus xjrtyschensis Ch.Y.Yang)和山区森林上线的雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana Fisch.et Mey)树轮样本,分别建立树轮宽度年表,选用相关函数法结合阿合奇气象站和沙里桂兰克水文站的逐月降水、温度和径流等主要环境因子,分析托什干河不同树种树木径向生长对环境因子的响应。研究表明,额河杨和森林上线的雪岭云杉树木径向生长对气候的响应均较差,位于森林上线的雪岭云杉对春季PDSI响应较好。托什干河流域树木径向生长可能受多种气象因子综合影响。同时,额河杨和雪岭云杉与径流量的相关性较高,额河杨树木径向生长响应夏季径流量,而雪岭云杉可以更好地响应水文年的径流量。本研究为利用阔叶树种重建天山山区历史气候水文变化提供参考。 相似文献
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根据伊犁南部山区10个采样点的树轮宽度年表与气象资料的相关普查,研究发现,伊犁南部山区树木径向生长整体与气温响应不显著,生长季之前的降水对雪岭云杉径向生长有重要影响,尤其是冬季积雪.树木径向生长与主要积雪参数呈显著正相关关系.其中,伊犁地区西段QST、ZMC树轮年表与当年1、2月的最大积雪深度相关性最好,相关系数分别达... 相似文献
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The few systematic international comparisons of climate policy strength made so far have serious weaknesses, particularly those that assign arbitrary weightings to different policy instrument types in order to calculate an aggregate score for policy strength. This article avoids these problems by ranking the six biggest emitters by far – China, the US, the EU, India, Russia, and Japan – on a set of six key policy instruments that are individually potent and together representative of climate policy as a whole: carbon taxes, emissions trading, feed-in tariffs, renewable energy quotas, fossil fuel power plant bans, and vehicle emissions standards. The results cast strong doubt on any idea that there is a clear hierarchy on climate policy with Europe at the top: the EU does lead on a number of policies but so does Japan. China, the US, and India each lead on one area. Russia is inactive on all fronts. At the same time climate policy everywhere remains weak compared to what it could be.
Policy relevance
This study enables climate policy strength, defined as the extent to which the statutory provisions of climate policies are likely to restrict GHG emissions if implemented as intended, to be assessed and compared more realistically across space and time. As such its availability for the six biggest emitters, which together account for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, should facilitate international negotiations (1) by giving participants a better idea of where major emitters stand relative to each other as far as climate policy stringency is concerned, and (2) by identifying areas of weakness that need action. 相似文献
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Stephen F. Wathen 《Climatic change》2011,108(1-2):333-356
This paper provides both a detailed history of environmental change in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years and evidence for climate teleconnections between the Sierra Nevada and Greenland during the late Holocene. A review of Greenland ice core data suggests that the magnitudes of abrupt changes in temperature and precipitation increased beginning c. 3,700 and 3,000 years ago, respectively. Precipitation increased abruptly 1,300 years ago. Comparing paleotemperature data from Cirque Peak, CA with paleoprecipitation data from Pyramid Lake, NV suggests that hot temperatures occurred at the beginnings of most severe droughts in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years. Severe fires and erosion also occurred at Coburn Lake, CA at the beginning of all severe droughts in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years. This suggests that abrupt climate change during the late Holocene caused vegetation and mountain slopes in some areas to be out of equilibrium with abruptly changed climates. Finally, the ending of drought conditions in Greenland coincided with the beginning of drought conditions in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years, perhaps as a result of the rapidly changed locations of the Earth??s major precipitation belts during abrupt climate change events. 相似文献
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Anthony H. McDaniel Chris A. Cantrell James A. Davidson Richard E. Shetter Jack G. Calvert 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1991,12(3):211-227
The infrared absorption cross-sections for eight commonly used halogenated methanes and ethanes have been measured as a function of temperature from 203 to 293 K. High resolution spectra (0.03 cm-1) have been used to derive integrated band strengths and peak cross-sections associated with the spectral features in the infrared region from 600 to 1500 cm-2. The values obtained in this study are compared to those from previous reports, and recommendations are made for uses in atmospheric sensing and radiative energy transfer models. The observed temperature dependence in the spectral features is also discussed. 相似文献
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Wind-Driven, Double-Gyre, Ocean Circulation in a Reduced-Gravity, 2.5-Layer, Lattice Boltzmann Model
A coupled lattice Boltzmann （LB） model with second-order accuracy is applied to the reduced-gravity, shallow water, 2.5-layer model for wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. By introducing the secondorder integral approximation for the collision operator, the model becomes fully explicit. The Coriolis force and other external forces are included in the model with second-order accuracy, which is consistent with the discretization accuracy of the LB equation. The feature of the multiple equilibria solutions is found in the numerical experiments under different Reynolds numbers based on this LB scheme. With the Reynolds number increasing from 3000 to 4000, the solution of this model is destabilized from the anti-symmetric double-gyre solution to the subtropic gyre solution and then to the subpolar gyre solution. The transitions between these equilibria states are also found in some parameter ranges. The time-dependent variability of the circulation based on this LB simulation is also discussed for varying viscosity regimes. The flow of this model exhibits oscillations with different timescales varying from subannual to interannual. The corresponding statistical oscillation modes are obtained by spectral analysis. By analyzing the spatiotemporal structures of these modes, it is found that the subannual oscillation with a 9-month period originates from the barotropic Rossby basin mode, and the interarmual oscillations with periods ranging from 1.5 years to 4.6 years originate from the recirculation gyre modes, which include the barotropic and the baroclinic recirculation gyre modes. 相似文献
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利用气象业务中使用的L波段探空数据和毫米波云雷达观测资料,分析探空相对湿度在入云和出云时的变化规律,提出一种基于探空相对湿度阈值与梯度相结合的云区边界识别改进算法,并利用云雷达观测数据对算法识别结果进行验证.利用北京市南郊观象台2019年1—6月层状云样本验证分析,结果表明:改进算法相比相对湿度阈值法,对云区边界识别更... 相似文献
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B. Kochtubajda 《Atmospheric Research》1995,35(2-4)
Physical experiments designed to explore the potential of rain augmentation through airborne glaciogenic seeding on small, isolated non-precipitating cumuliform clouds near Red Deer, Alberta were carried out during the period 1982–1985. The microstructure of 90 cumulus congestus clouds have been documented through repeated in-situ sampling using a cloud physics instrumented aircraft platform. Observations from the inspection passes of 57 clouds seeded with either dry ice pellets or silver iodide pyrotechnics, and all the passes of 33 natural clouds are presented.Measurements of the cloud droplet concentration indicate that Alberta cumulus clouds are typically continental in nature, with an average droplet concentration of 535 cm−3 and an average droplet diameter of 10.6 μm. Alberta clouds have average liquid water contents of 0.57 g m−3, with a peak 1-sec value of 3.17 g m−3. The 1-km average liquid water contents are 0.83 g m−3, with a peak value of 2.81 g m−3. Cloud lifetimes vary between 11 and 20 minutes. Concentrations of naturally occurring ice crystals are found to be low. The average maximum 1-km ice concentration was 31−1, and the peak 1-km concentration was 73.11−1 in the natural cloud dataset. Evidence of precipitation-sized particles was detected in 21% (7 of 33) of the clouds, and precipitation below cloud base was detected in 6% (2 of 33) of the clouds.A comparison of the Alberta cloud characteristics to the cumulus clouds from different locations showed that there are some distinct differences between Alberta clouds and the clouds from the other regions. 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,通过对发生在江苏的三次不同量级的区域性暴雪、大雪和中雪过程典型个例进行对比分析,发现降雪时,700hPa低空急流的位置和强度是影响降雪量级的主要因素之一;降雪区上空涡度的垂直分布遵循低层负涡度、中层正涡度和高层负涡度的配置,暴雪时正涡度强且正涡度区最为深厚,动力抬升作用强,中雪发生时正涡度区相对最为浅薄,不利于形成强辐合抬升,动力抬升作用弱。且暴雪和大雪发生时基本上整层都为垂直螺旋度正值区,中雪时没有出现明显的正值区;暴雪和大雪过程时中低层都具有明显的逆温层,中高层西南急流造成的对流层中层的爆发性增温是逆温层形成的关键,中雪发生时不一定有逆温层结;降雪强度与湿位涡分量绝对值存在一定的正相关关系。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对承德市2017年5月5—6日大风天气的环流形势和物理量进行分析,结果表明气旋的快速发展(气旋加深率0.84 B)导致锋生加强,引发气压和变压梯度加大是导致大风的直接原因。500 hPa高压脊东移迫使冷空气向南堆积,高空槽不断发展成为冷涡,温度平流为地面气旋的发展提供热力条件,高低层涡度平流的差异,也是地面气旋快速发展的重要原因;当1.5 PVU位涡面伸展至对流层低层时,局地位涡异常在气旋的发展过程中不可忽视;高空急流出口区发生质量调整,出口区左侧的辐散强度达10×10~(-5) s~(-1),使低层大气减压,有利于气旋发展。 相似文献
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D.T. Patterson J.K. Westbrook R.J.V. Joyce† P.D. Lingren J. Rogasik 《Climatic change》1999,43(4):711-727
The geographic distribution, vigor, virulence, and agricultural impact of weeds, insects, and plant pathogens will be affected by climatic changes accompanying the global "greenhouse effect." Weed/crop competitive interactions, particularly among species differing in photosynthetic pathway (C3 v C4), may be altered, with the C3 species favored by increasing CO2. Physiological and biochemical changes induced in host crop plants by rising CO2 may affect feeding patterns of pest insects. Compilation of climatic thresholds for phenological development of pest insects reveals the potential for shifts in pest behavior induced by global warming and other climatic change. Generation times may be reduced, enabling more rapid population increases to occur. Poleward migration may be accelerated during the crop season. The epidemiology of plant diseases also will be altered. Prediction of disease outbreaks will be more difficult in periods of rapidly changing climate and unstable weather. Environmental instability and increased incidence of extreme weather may reduce the effectiveness of pesticides on targeted pests or result in more injury to non-target organisms. Biological control may be affected either negatively or positively. Overall, the challenge to agriculture from pests probably will increase. 相似文献
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Governance,complexity, and resilience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andreas Duit Victor Galaz Katarina Eckerberg Jonas Ebbesson 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(3):363-368
This special issue brings together prominent scholars to explore novel multilevel governance challenges posed by the behavior of dynamic and complex social-ecological systems. Here we expand and investigate the emerging notion of “resilience” as a perspective for understanding how societies can cope with, and develop from, disturbances and change. As the contributions to the special issue illustrate, resilience thinking in its current form contains substantial normative and conceptual difficulties for the analysis of social systems. However, a resilience approach to governance issues also shows a great deal of promise as it enables a more refined understanding of the dynamics of rapid, interlinked and multiscale change. This potential should not be underestimated as institutions and decision-makers try to deal with converging trends of global interconnectedness and increasing pressure on social-ecological systems. 相似文献