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1.
本文在对比分析了冰川堆积与泥石流堆积过程差异的基础上,发现两类堆积体在平面与剖面上都存在明确的专属性差别。冰川冰碛在平面上形成专属性的垄槽序列,剖面上显示为混杂状无层理堆积特征。泥石流形成堆积扇,扇面上呈放射状垄岗堆积,剖面上表现为阵次韵律序列。据此对蒙山拦马墙冰碛垄、瑶池冰碛垄进行了调查研究与分析,认为拦马墙冰碛垄属于冰川凹岸堆积,瑶池冰碛垄属于冰川对称堆积。此外经调查发现,王乃昂等(2020)《逻辑》一文图2d所示“泥石流底泥层”实为一蜂类废弃的泥质巢穴。“平行特征”擦痕为泥石流成因的解释属于《逻辑》一文对于引文的误读。综合研究认为,蒙山冰川遗迹无论从清荣古冰斗的外形特征、平坦指数(F=187),瑶池、拦马冰碛垄的平面展布特征、砾石垄的堆积特征、兰溪U谷特征及深宽比(024~027),U谷岩壁上“微小擦痕”构成的磨光面及磨光面上产出的“平行特征”的擦痕等,都显示拦马墙冰碛垄与兰溪U谷为冰川作用的结果。  相似文献   

2.
针对蒙山发育的第四纪冰川遗迹,采用光释光(Optic Stimulated Luminescence)的测年方法,对遗迹较新的冰碛垄进行了采样与测试,首次在我国东部中低山区获得了8.2ka BP与18.2~22.2ka BP两个时间段的冰期年龄值,对应于8.2ka BP早全新世全球冷事件与末次冰盛期。根据冰碛垄的特征与测定年龄值,结合我国以往其他地区冰期的对比研究,在蒙山建立了拦马冰期与蒙山冰期。本项研究,确认并发展了李四光关于我国东部第四纪冰川理论。  相似文献   

3.
冰碛转化为冰川泥石流堆积过程及其沉积特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
邓养鑫 《沉积学报》1995,13(4):37-48
冰碛与冰川泥石流堆积同是冰冻圈内的两种混杂堆积,前者是后者的物质来源,后者又是前者的再生沉积,在沉积特征上既有相同处,又有相异点。本文阐述了由冰碛向冰川泥石流堆积的转化过程,并遵循多指标综合原则,提出了依据沉积构造、砾石组构、沉积韵律、粒度特征、石英砂表面结构、粒序垂向变化等10项区分二者的判别标志。  相似文献   

4.
应用粒度分析辨别某些第四纪混杂堆积成因初探   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文从粒度特征分析了青海昆仑山垭口地区的第四纪混杂堆积和甘肃武都泥石流堆积以及贡嘎山海洋性冰川的现代冰碛之间的差异性,明显看出,由于各种第四纪混杂堆积的搬运介质、搬运过程及沉积过程不同,第四纪混杂堆积的粒度特征存在明显的不同。沉积物的粒度特征反映了沉积环境。因此,用粒度特征来辨别各种第四纪混杂堆积也是一种行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

5.
判断中国东部中低山地冰川作用遗迹的真伪,只能通过科学实践检验和学术争鸣加以解决。利用实地考察所测数据资料,证明山东蒙山确无第四纪冰川遗迹。包括蒙山在内的山东中低山丘陵,迄今为止没有发现符合判别标准的末次冰期冰川地貌三要素组合。蒙山兰溪峡谷的谷形指数(0.07~0.24)与世界各地真正的冰川槽谷不符,被当作冰川证据的蒙山兰溪峡谷谷壁擦痕和拦马墙巨砾堆积堤砾石擦痕,不具有作为冰川地貌证据的唯一性或专属性,而是砾石沿河谷滚动、拖拽摩擦和撞击的结果。不连续、不对称分布于兰溪下游凹岸的拦马墙巨砾堆积堤,沿流向延伸或呈流线构造,具有平行主流的平顶、陡坡砾石堆和立石等景观,砾石的圆度、分选和砾组构造均指向泥石流堆积堤或特大洪水巨石边滩。它可能是1668年7月25日郯城大地震保存下来的群发性灾害遗迹。  相似文献   

6.
王杰  雷满红  郑利敏 《冰川冻土》2022,44(4):1150-1164
冰期向间冰期转换或现代全球气候变暖等背景下,冰川一旦退缩就会引发基岩和冰碛边坡失稳,甚至冰川泥石流等冰消后(paraglacial)地表过程;因此,该过程成为驱动原冰川作用区及其下游谷地地貌演化的重要因子。然而,冰消后过程时空变化特征及其驱动因子等相关研究,目前仍面临两方面问题:其一,各种冰消后沉积、冰碛等混杂堆积间判别的手段缺乏;其二,冰消后过程对下游谷地演化影响的关注不足。为此,本文以典型海洋型冰川作用区——贡嘎山东坡的冰碛和冰消后沉积为研究对象,并结合两处大陆型冰川冰碛,探讨了粒度和石英颗粒表面形态特征两个指标区分上述混杂堆积的有效性。结果表明,各种冰消后沉积物继承了源区冰碛的很多特征,但也呈现出一定独特性,指示出这两个指标综合对比的方法能实现各类冰消后沉积、冰碛的有效判别;同时,鉴于冰川性质、冰川作用期次和岩性等因素都可能影响源区冰碛的粒度和石英颗粒表面形态,以这两个指标判别时应限于同区域,避免选用沉积物的共性特征。基于贡嘎山东坡冰碛、各种冰消后沉积物与磨西台地不同层位粒度与石英颗粒表面形态的对比和聚类分析,确认台地底部和中部可能分别为MIS3冰碛与MIS3以来的泥石流沉积,上部则可能为河流沉积或河流改造过的冰川泥石流沉积。磨西谷地冰消后过程堆积和暴露时代,指示出强烈冰消后过程使得磨西河谷地末次冰期向全新世转换时一直在堆积,甚至持续到约6~7 ka前后才停止,之后转为侵蚀下切。  相似文献   

7.
王克锡根据在桂林地区进行第四纪地质研究获得的实际资料,说明桂林确实存在冰川遗迹。理由是: 1.是否存在冰碛砾石层。据调查研究冰碛粘土砾石层堆积多呈高出20~40米的垄岗,不受漓江及其支流控制,普遍无层理可寻,砾石成分中没有花岗岩砾石。因此,桂林地区冰碛砾石无论从地貌特点、砾石层结构、砾石成分还是从砾组性状上看,都与现代河床上的冲积层不同。  相似文献   

8.
位于青藏高原东南部的稻城古冰帽,在第四纪时期曾发生了多次冰期并保存了丰富的古冰川遗迹,是研究第四纪冰川地貌类型特征的理想区域。目前,已有学者对冰川地貌类型划分和冰川地貌制图做了相关研究,但是古冰川地貌在空间分布特征及其量化程度有待于进一步细化。因此,本文基于Google Earth Pro遥感影像和数字高程模型(DEM),运用目视解译和野外考察相结合的方法对典型冰川地貌进行定量分析并绘制了稻城古冰帽(约3 600 km2)的第四纪冰川地貌图。本文识别了该区冰川地貌中的冰川湖、冰川谷、羊背岩和冰碛垄等四种类型,初步统计了约1 096个冰川湖、370条冰川谷、41个羊背岩及1 268列冰碛垄;空间分布上,冰川湖和羊背岩主要分布在海子山夷平面上,冰川谷以古冰帽边缘区发育为主,冰碛垄则主要形成于海子山夷平面上和东、西两侧的山谷里。本研究可为第四纪冰期规模估算、古气候重建提供基础数据,也为当地的旅游规划和自然资源调查提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

9.
袁广祥 《地质与勘探》2012,48(1):170-176
[摘 要] 川藏公路帕隆藏布段位于雅鲁藏布江的一级支流帕隆藏布流域,沿帕隆藏布及其支流修 建,穿越了多种成因类型的堆积体。通过对该地区的调查,对这些堆积体的成因类型及分布规律进行分 析。第四纪以来,青藏高原发育的多次冰川活动,使帕隆藏布流域保留了第四纪古冰川作用遗留下来的 古冰碛。在帕隆藏布主河谷及其支流河谷中广泛分布着河流搬运沉积的堆积,在宽谷地段尤为明显。 由于帕隆藏布流域地质灾害发育,形成了数量众多、规模巨大的地质灾害二次堆积体,包括泥石流堆积 体、崩塌滑坡堆积体、雪崩堆积体以及碎屑流堆积体。  相似文献   

10.
北京西山灵岳寺附近的第四纪沉积物不是真正的古冰川沉积物。该处山腰凹地中一套以粗大砾石为主的混杂堆积是较典型的复式稀性泥石流堆积体,其时代为晚更新世之前,而不是晚更新世末期产物。所谓晚更新世末期的冰川堆积体和冰蚀地貌,实际上是不存在的。晚更新世时期,北京西山地区属冰缘环境,而非冰川环境。  相似文献   

11.
Genesis of hummocky moraine in the Bolmen area, southwestern Sweden   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
During the late Weichselian deglaciation of southern Scandinavia vast areas of hummocky moraine were formed. The genesis of this landform was studied by geomorphological and sedimentological methods in an area in southwestern Sweden. Four exposures in moraine hummocks were investigated using sedimentological methods. They were found to be composed of stratified diamictons with frost-shattered boulders and deformed intrabeds of sorted sediments. The diamictons were interpreted as sediment-flow deposits, with the hummocks formed in stagnant ice by flowage of supraglacial glacial debris into depressions and subsequent inversion of the landscape due to ice melt. With the exception of hummocky moraine, the study area contains low relief moraine, which like the hummocky moraine was supraglacially formed. A new model is presented where the distribution of hummocky and low relief moraine is dependent on the vertical distribution of glacial debris in the ice sheet, which in turn is related to the flow regime of the ice sheet prior to stagnation. A compressive flow before stagnation favoured development of the hummocky moraine, while low relief moraine formation occurred where the ice flow was extending or at steady state.  相似文献   

12.
山地冰川沉积相模式与特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
崔之久  熊黑钢 《第四纪研究》1989,9(3):254-268,292
山地冰川沉积研究在中国有特殊重要性。因为欧、美对冰碛沉积研究多限于大陆冰盖,沉积环境比较单纯,冰水沉积比重很大,而中国山地冰川多限于山体内部,冰水沉积极不发育,且沉积环境很复杂,亚相变化也大。此外中国山地冰川多属大陆性,与欧、美海洋性冰川在物理性质和沉积特征上都有不同。如冰川磨蚀作用弱,冰碛中粉砂少,冰上融出碛发育而流碛和滞碛不发育,原生(同生)构造如粗糙斜层很发育等。这些都将丰富冰碛沉积学内容,并对科学地鉴别中国东部各种混杂堆积的成因有重要意义。如据现代冰川沉积指标庐山就没有任何冰川堆积。  相似文献   

13.
This paper focuses on the structural glaciology, dynamics, debris transport paths and sedimentology of the forefield of Soler Glacier, a temperate outlet glacier of the North Patagonian Icefield in southern Chile. The glacier is fed by an icefall from the icefield and by snow and ice avalanches from surrounding mountain slopes. The dominant structures in the glacier are ogives, crevasses and crevasse traces. Thrusts and recumbent folds are developed where the glacier encounters a reverse slope, elevating basal and englacial material to the ice surface. Other debris sources for the glacier include avalanche and rockfall material, some of which is ingested in marginal crevasses. Debris incorporated in the ice and on its surface controls both the distribution of sedimentary facies on the forefield and moraine ridge morphology. Lithofacies in moraine ridges on the glacier forefield include large isolated boulders, diamictons, gravel, sand and fine-grained facies. In relative abundance terms, the dominant lithofacies and their interpretation are sandy boulder gravel (ice-marginal), sandy gravel (glaciofluvial), angular gravel (supraglacial) and diamicton (basal glacial). Proglacial water bodies are currently developing between the receding glacier and its frontal and lateral moraines. The presence of folded sand and laminites in moraine ridges in front of the glacier suggests that, during a previous advance, Soler Glacier over-rode a former proglacial lake, reworking lacustrine deposits. Post-depositional modification of the landform/sediment assemblage includes melting of the ice-core beneath the sediment cover, redistribution of finer material across the proglacial area by aeolian processes and fluvial reworking. Overall, the preservation potential of this landform/sediment assemblage is high on the centennial to millennial timescale.  相似文献   

14.
贡巴冰川边缘冰碛垄特征与形成过程   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
康建成 《冰川冻土》1989,11(2):172-176
  相似文献   

15.
冰川沉积物成因确定的一种新方法   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
冰川沉积物的成因鉴定一直存在争论,尤其是体现在讨论第四纪冰川沉积物的成因确定问题方面,传统地质学从冰川沉积物的沉积学和地貌学特征方面来讨论其成因受到了挑战,本文试图从沉积砾石中寻找与冰川成因直接相关的应用信息,进而提出用砾石的声发射应力测量法确定其冰川成因的新认识,首先对现代冰川砾石进行声发射应力测量,将此测量值丙与 石所受的实际铅直应力值比较,研究显示二者对应很好,说明冰川砾石是能够记忆上覆冰层所造成的应力,其次,无争议的第四纪冰川砾石亦具有对应的应力记录,最后讨论了有争议的庐山地区第本四冰川沉积,研  相似文献   

16.
在全球气候变暖的大背景下,冰川消融加剧,冰舌后退,冰川泥石流加剧。扎墨公路是目前通往西藏墨脱的唯一公路,公路必经的嘎龙曲发育藏东南地区典型的海洋性冰川泥石流,针对嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征,经现场调查得出,嘎龙曲冰川泥石流物源类型有冰碛物物源、崩塌型物源以及沟道堆积型物源三类,总结分析了三种物源类型的分布特征和启动模式。通过建立物源计算模型,定量计算嘎龙曲沟域内可参与泥石流活动的松散固体物源动储量为366.28×104 m3,其中冰碛物物源为主要的动储量物源,物源补给特征在藏东南海洋性冰川发育区域具有一定代表性。嘎龙曲沟域内水动力分布的不均一特性决定了物源启动参与泥石流活动的不均一性,随着全球气候变暖影响下水动力条件的增强,嘎龙曲冰川泥石流对扎墨公路的危害会愈加严重。   相似文献   

17.
川藏公路培龙沟路段堆积物的分形特征及其地质意义   总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6  
川藏公路培龙沟路段有多种不同类型的堆积物。本文应用分形理论,探讨了培龙沟路段泥石流堆积物、冰碛堆积物、冲洪积堆积物以及坡积或者残坡积物的分形特征。通过粒度分析法计算出不同类型堆积物的粒度分维,得到泥石流堆积物分维最大,冰碛堆积物分维较大,坡积或者残坡积堆积物较小,冲积物或者洪积物分维最小的规律。最后系统论述了堆积物粒度分维的地质意义,认为堆积物粒度分维是对堆积物物质组成的复杂性和自组织性、堆积物形成过程和形成时间以及泥石流、冰川、河流和洪水等搬运能力和运动过程的反映和度量。该研究为野外不同类型堆积物的区分、成因、形成过程等研究提供了一种新的方法,具有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

18.
How to effectively identify glacial sediments, especially Quaternary moraine, has been in dispute for decades. The traditional methods, e.g., sedimentary and geomorphologic ones, are facing challenge in eastern China where controversial moraine deposits are dominatingly distributed. Here, for the first time, we introduce the acoustic emission (AE) stress measurement, a kind of historical stress measurement, to identify Quaternary moraine. The results demonstrate that it can be employed to reconstruct stress information of glaciation remaining in gravels, and may shed light on the identification of Quaternary moraine in eastern China. First, we measured the AE stress of gravels of glacial origin that are underlying the Xidatan Glacier, eastern Kunlun Mountains in western China. Second, we calculated the stress according to the actual thickness of the glacier. The almost identical stress values suggest that the glacial gravels can memorize and preserve the overlying glacier-derived aplomb stress. And then we introduce this new approach to the controversial moraine in Mount Lushan, eastern China. The results indicate that the stress is attributed to the Quaternary glacier, and the muddy gravels in the controversial moraine in Mount Lushan are moraine deposits but not others.  相似文献   

19.
Llithology of massive diamictons was studied in two areas of the eastern Barents Sea using cores and geophysical data. These sediments dominate in the Pleistocene section as two seismostratigraphic complexes (SSC): Upper Weichselian (SSC III) and locally distributed Lower Weichselian (SSC V). Diamictons of these complexes represent tills produced by the geological activity of the Pleistocene Novaya Zemlya and Scandinavian ice sheets. The Upper Weichselian glacial sequence is laterally heterogeneous. It includes two seismic facies represented by ordinary (overconsolidated) tills (they also constitute SSC V) and a spacious moraine of the specific type with the normally consolidated sediments (they avoided compaction by the ice load) and certain lithological specifics. The last glacial sediments were formed in a specific subglacial setting similar to the sediments under fast ice streams of Antarctica. However, the specific features allow us to define these sediments as a new (Barents Sea) facies of tills related to zones of intense basal melting of glaciers.  相似文献   

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