共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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目前,我区种植的早稻,品种较多,播种期不一,早稻生长期各年气候条件不同。为了充分发挥不同品种,不同播期,各年气候波动条件下的增产性能,我站从1978—1980年对汕优二号、广选三号、南优二号、湘矮早九号四个品种进行了分期播种试验。 我们认为,研究这些品种的积温特性及生育期、经济性状等变化规律,对于确定适宜播种期和制订高产栽培措施,可以提供必要依据。 试验在大田进行,从2月28日至4月18日,每隔七天一期,分八个播期,均是五叶期移 相似文献
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本文在分析茶树栽培与气象条件关系和重庆市气候资源和气象灾害特点的基础上,综合确定了影响重庆市茶树区域分布差异的主要气候生态区划指标;利用Arc GIS和数字高程模型(DEM)得到重庆市80%保证率≥10℃活动积温、春旱、夏旱、伏旱和秋旱100m×100m空间分布,制作了茶树气候生态区划,将重庆市划分为:气候炎热大叶茶适宜栽培区,气候温热中小叶茶适宜、大叶茶次适宜栽培区,气候温和中小叶茶适宜栽培区,气候温凉中小叶茶次适宜栽培区和气候寒冷茶树不适宜栽培区等5种类型区,为重庆市茶树产业合理布局提供了依据。 相似文献
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玉米覆膜栽培是80年代我国旱粮生产的一项突破性农业气象技术工程，是继山区玉米育苗移栽和间作套种栽培技术后，新发展起来的一项旨在进一步提高玉米产量的主要栽培技术措施，被列为高寒山区“温饱工程”之一，为了给山区玉米地膜栽培上升到适当高度提供科学依据，有必要首先了解玉米地膜覆盖的气候生态效应。1资料来源试验采用对比设计，二个重复，每个试验区用地0．22ha，供试品种为户单1号、中单2号、白鸽43，管理措施为当地传统管理措施。增温效应资料为1988～1989年2a在留坝农场进行的膜内和膜外实际观测地温资料，生育期、生长性状及… 相似文献
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2008年阿拉尔垦区棉花大面积早衰成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2008年阿拉尔垦区棉花高密度膜下有压滴灌栽培生产后期出现大面积早衰的现象,通过8月中旬到9月上旬的实地跟踪观测和调查,并与当地气候条件进行了对比分析。结果显示:造成早衰的原因是气候、土壤、栽培、田间管理等多种因素共同作用的结果。针对不同情况提出了相应的预防对策措施,为垦区棉花生产可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
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通过比较秋延迟黄瓜栽培适宜的气象条件和各生育期高唐县的气候情况，分析了高唐县秋延迟黄瓜栽培中存在的主要气象问题，进而提出相应的栽培和生产管理措施。 相似文献
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在对低温型食用菌生活条件和三明市低温型食用菌气候资源分析的基础上,确定了三明市低温型食用菌的气候指标,并建立气候模式。根据气候模式、地理信息系统、经济效益及交通状况等,综合评价了三明市低温型食用菌的资源状况,并以此为依据,利用G IS软件将三明市分为4个栽培区,即经济效益较低区、适宜栽培区、最适宜发展区和反季节栽培区。 相似文献
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棉花的生长发育与气候条件有密切的关系。全面了解我县的气候特点,充分利用有利的气候条件,避免和克服不利气候因素的影响,研究采取相应的栽培管理措施,对于迅速提高我县的棉花产量有重要的意义。 相似文献
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国产高分卫星1号（简称GF-1）可提供高空间分辨率遥感数据，这为实现精准农业提供良好的数据保障。但是，其在复杂地形作物遥感提取方面的适用性仍需要进一步探索和分析。因此，以山地丘陵地形为主的栖霞市为研究区，基于GF-1影像数据利用面向对象分类法提取苹果树的种植面积和空间分布信息。研究结果表明：引入植被覆盖度和坡度信息的面向对象决策树分类方法（简称优化分类方法）能够有效提高苹果种植面积的遥感提取精度为94.1%，生产精度和用户精度分别为87.3%和90.3%。相比于最大似然监督分类和无辅助信息的面向对象决策树分类方法，本研究的优化方法遥感提取面积精度分别提高了17.4%和0.3%，生产精度分别提高了10.1%和2.6%，用户精度分别提高了10.1%和2.8%。该研究成果以期为GF-1卫星数据在山地丘陵地区的果园信息遥感提取提供基本的技术支撑和实践经验。 相似文献
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Regional climate change patterns identified by cluster analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Climate change caused by anthropogenic greenhouse emissions leads to impacts on a global and a regional scale. A quantitative
picture of the projected changes on a regional scale can help to decide on appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures.
In the past, regional climate change results have often been presented on rectangular areas. But climate is not bound to a
rectangular shape and each climate variable shows a distinct pattern of change. Therefore, the regions over which the simulated
climate change results are aggregated should be based on the variable(s) of interest, on current mean climate as well as on
the projected future changes. A cluster analysis algorithm is used here to define regions encompassing a similar mean climate
and similar projected changes. The number and the size of the regions depend on the variable(s) of interest, the local climate
pattern and on the uncertainty introduced by model disagreement. The new regions defined by the cluster analysis algorithm
include information about regional climatic features which can be of a rather small scale. Comparing the regions used so far
for large scale regional climate change studies and the new regions it can be shown that the spacial uncertainty of the projected
changes of different climate variables is reduced significantly, i.e. both the mean climate and the expected changes are more
consistent within one region and therefore more representative for local impacts. 相似文献
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影响气候变化的大气成分,依据其在大气中存留的时间,分为长寿命的温室气体和短寿命的气候强迫因子（SLCFs)。考虑到SLCFs在气候变化和大气环境中的重要作用,IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）首次有了专门针对SLCFs的章节（第六章)。本文解读IPCC报告关于SLCFs的主要结论,特别强调AR5以来的最新结论,包括：SLCFs的定义、SLCFs排放和大气含量的变化特征及其对辐射强迫和全球气候的影响、不同共享社会经济路径（SSP）情景下SLCFs对未来气候变化和空气质量可能的影响,以及COVID-19疫情期间减排对气候变化的影响。文末也讨论了结论的不确定性以及结论对我国的启示。 相似文献
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Zack Guido Tim Finan Kevon Rhiney Malgosia Madajewicz Valerie Rountree Elizabeth Johnson Gusland McCook 《Climatic change》2018,147(1-2):253-266
Access to climate information has the potential to build adaptive capacity, improve agricultural profitability, and help manage risks. To achieve these benefits, knowledge of the local context is needed to inform information development, delivery, and use. We examine coffee farming in the Jamaican Blue Mountains (BM) to understand farmer livelihoods, opportunities for climate knowledge to benefit coffee production, and the factors that impinge on farmers’ ability to use climate information. Our analysis draws on interviews and 12 focus groups involving 143 participants who largely cultivate small plots. BM farmers currently experience stresses related to climate, coffee leaf rust, and production costs that interrelate concurrently and with time lags. Under conditions that reduce income, BM farmers compensate by adjusting their use of inputs, which can increase their susceptibility to future climate and disease stresses. However, farmers can also decrease impacts of future stressors by more efficiently and effectively allocating their limited resources. In this sense, managing climate, like the other stresses, is an ongoing process. While we identify climate products that can help farmers manage climate risk, the local context presents barriers that argue for interactive climate services that go beyond conventional approaches of information production and delivery. We discuss how dialogs between farmers, extension personnel, and climate scientists can create a foundation from which use can emerge. 相似文献
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气候变化对区域经济影响的投入-产出模型研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用经济学“投入-产出”分析方法的基本原理，结合气候变化对工业影响的统计模型、对 农业产量影响的计算机模拟系统，建立了气候变化对区域经济影响的投入-产出模型。研究 了当气候变化对工业、农业部门的生产和产品发生影响时，导致的对国民经济其他部门的拉 动需求量和各个部门间的投入-产出流量的变化，从而预测各个部门的国内生产总值和总产 出量，对２０１０，２０２０年的经济发展。综合分析 气候变化对各部门的影响，找出适应区域经济平衡发展的适应对策，为决策者 提供一些参考建议。 相似文献
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Andrew R. Bell Daniel E. Osgood Benjamin I. Cook Kevin J. Anchukaitis Geoffrey R. McCarney Arthur M. Greene Brendan M. Buckley Edward R. Cook 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(4):774-781
Proxy-based climate reconstructions can extend instrumental records by hundreds of years, providing a wealth of climate information at high temporal resolution. To date, however, their usefulness for informing climate risk and variability in policy and social applications has been understudied. Here, we apply tree-ring based reconstructions of drought for the last 700 years in a climate index insurance framework to show that additional information from long climate reconstructions significantly improves our understanding of the underlying climate distributions and variability. We further show that this added information can be used to better characterize risk to insurance providers, in many cases providing meaningful reductions in long-term contract costs to farmers in stand-alone policies. The impact of uncertainty on insurance premiums can also be reduced when insurers diversify portfolios, and the availability of long-term climate information from tree rings across a broad geographic range provides an opportunity to characterize spatial correlation in climate risk across geographic regions. Our results are robust to the range of climate variability experienced over the last 400 years and in model simulations of the twenty-first century, even within the context of changing baselines due to low frequency variability and secular climate trends. These results demonstrate the utility of longer-term climate histories in index insurance applications. Furthermore, they make the case from a climate-variability perspective for the continued importance of such approaches to improving the instrumental climate record, even into a non-stationary climate future. 相似文献
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从气候变化的新视角理解灾害风险、暴露度、脆弱性和恢复力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
不断变化的气候可导致前所未有的极端天气和气候事件。这些事件能否构成灾害,在很大程度上取决于脆弱性和暴露度水平。虽然无法完全消除各种灾害风险,但灾害风险管理和气候变化适应的重点是减少脆弱性和暴露度,并提高对各种潜在极端事件不利影响的恢复力,从而促进社会和经济的可持续发展。全面的灾害风险管理要求更加合理地分配对减灾、灾害管理等方面所付出的努力。过去的主流是强调灾害管理,但目前减灾成为关注焦点和挑战。这种主动积极的灾害风险管理与适应有助于避免未来的风险和灾害,而不仅仅是减少已有的风险和灾害,同时这也是灾害风险管理和气候变化适应更加紧密联系的一个背景。灾害风险管理促进气候变化适应从应对当前的影响中汲取经验,而气候变化适应帮助灾害风险管理更加有效地应对未来变化的条件。 相似文献
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利用2000—2017年百色市气象资料和城市社会经济发展数据,构建以气候天然容量、极端气候事件压力、城市气候压力和城市协调发展能力四个评价指数组成的城市气候承载力综合函数,客观定量评价广西西部山地城市百色2000—2017年的气候承载力变化。结果表明：21世纪以来,百色市的气候承载力整体呈现一种波动上升的状态,反映百色的城市建设与气候之间的协调力增强,城市建设发展仍有较大的气候承载空间。百色城市气候承载力对极端天气气候事件,特别是干旱事件较为敏感;人为影响因子对气候承载力具有重要影响。提升气候承载力和应对气候变化能力应从提高防御自然灾害能力和城市协调发展能力、降低城市气候压力着手,建立可持续发展的城市气候生态系统。 相似文献
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There are a number of sources of uncertainty in regional climate change scenarios. When statistical downscaling is used to obtain regional climate change scenarios, the uncertainty may originate from the uncertainties in the global climate models used, the skill of the statistical model, and the forcing scenarios applied to the global climate model. The uncertainty associated with global climate models can be evaluated by examining the differences in the predictors and in the downscaled climate change scenarios based on a set of different global climate models. When standardized global climate model simulations such as the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP2） are used, the difference in the downscaled variables mainly reflects differences in the climate models and the natural variability in the simulated climates. It is proposed that the spread of the estimates can be taken as a measure of the uncertainty associated with global climate models. The proposed method is applied to the estimation of global-climate-model-related uncertainty in regional precipitation change scenarios in Sweden. Results from statistical downscaling based on 17 global climate models show that there is an overall increase in annual precipitation all over Sweden although a considerable spread of the changes in the precipitation exists. The general increase can be attributed to the increased large-scale precipitation and the enhanced westerly wind. The estimated uncertainty is nearly independent of region. However, there is a seasonal dependence. The estimates for winter show the highest level of confidence, while the estimates for summer show the least. 相似文献