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1.
茂木清夫、L.R.赛克斯(L.R.Sykes)等人对全球地震活动的分类问题做了不少工作。全球地震活动基本划分为板间和板内地震两大类,而板内地震活动又分为洋型和陆型两类。 板内陆型地震的地体环境、应力状态、以致地震活动的分布(三维空间)特征均明显地区别于板间地震。以中国大陆为主体的中国大陆及其邻近区域(以下简称中国陆区)是典型的板内陆型地震活动区域之一。以往该区东部边界以海岸线为界,本文将该区东部边界推至海岸线外200米海水等深线,即大陆架的边缘线。现对中国陆区地震活动区域的分区及其活动特征 相似文献
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我国大陆及其邻区现代构造滑移线—地震活动格架 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国大陆及其邻区地震活动带的空间展布似乎符合对数螺线的空间图象,而且呈现有规则的空间“网络”结构,可根据弹性力学理论,运用印度板块与欧亚板块相碰撞,在喜马拉雅弧产生强大的板块边界作用力在中国大陆及其邻区的广泛分布来解释。这些对数螺线正是在这种统一应力作用下,形成的构造滑移线,即最大剪应力和剪应变集中区带。可以认为,主要地震活动区、带和现代构造运动的发生、发展都与这些构造滑移线及这些构造滑移线所形成的大大小小的菱形断块相互作用有关。强烈地震不但往往发生在构造滑移线上(或附近),尤其是它们的交汇部位,而且顺滑移线迁移和在不同滑移线之间跳迁和呼应。我国大陆及其邻区地震活动的主要特征以及前兆敏感点似乎都可由上述观点得到解释,并由此观点出发可对潜在震源区、带提出一种新的预测途径和方法。 相似文献
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基于多源数据资料,揭示了冲绳海槽海底地形地貌特征.提出确定大陆坡折点、大陆坡脚点、中轴点和最深点的计算方法.通过对48条横穿大陆坡的剖面的计算,确定了东海大陆坡折点及连线、大陆坡脚点及连线;通过对39条横穿冲绳海槽轴部地形剖面的计算和综合分析确定了冲绳海槽最深点、中轴点及连线.大陆坡折线是陆架与陆坡的分界线,东海大陆坡折线总体位于200 m水深,在海槽北段至中段连续,在海槽南段跳跃.大陆坡脚线是陆坡与海槽底部的分界线,其水深自冲绳海槽北向南逐渐加深,南部大陆坡被海底峡谷强烈切割,导致大陆坡脚点分布复杂.横穿海槽北部、中部和南部的地形剖面分别呈现为W型、复合W型及U型特征,导致中轴点在海槽中部与北部多分布在海山峰及线性海山脊,在南部多分布于雁行洼地中央,由中轴点形成的中轴线是冲绳海槽东西向分界线,也表明海槽是东海大陆架向东延伸的天然分隔.海平面波动、海底峡谷影响了大陆坡折线和大陆坡脚线分布,构造和沉积控制了中轴线的分布. 相似文献
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中蒙大陆中轴构造带及其地震活动 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
一、中蒙大陆中轴构造带的含义在亚州大陆东部,南起昆明、经兰州、蒙古的乌兰巴托,至苏联贝加尔湖西端的伊尔库茨克,可连成一条南北向的中轴标志线,以此线为界,可把中蒙大陆区分为西、东两个半区,它们在地势、新构造活动、地震活动、地壳——岩石圈结构,以及至少是中新生代以来的地质发展、岩浆活动和成矿作用等方面,都有重要的区域性的差别,在某些方面还显示了东西两半区具有反对称的特点。这条中轴标志线的西侧,大约在东 相似文献
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网式大地电磁（Network-MT,N-MT）法采用长数公里至数十公里的电话线为电极线测量电场,很难形成两条笔直且相互垂直的电极线,因此阻抗张量的计算不如大地电磁法中直接.本文依据阻抗张量的旋转规则提出了一种计算N-MT阻抗张量的简便算法.依据该算法计算了中国东北地区5个N-MT测站的阻抗张量,获得了基于阻抗张量的视电阻率、相位曲线和最佳主轴方位角分布图像,为我国东北N-MT资料的进一步处理和解释提供了基础性数据.此外,本文对比分析了朝阳测站中6条N-MT观测电极线上阻抗张量旋转值与观测值之间的差异,重点讨论了产生这种系统性偏差的各种因素,提出其主要因素可能来自“电场等效各向异性”效应,即测站附近的地壳内部存在与观测电极线尺度相比拟的横向非均匀构造,而测站各电极线沿不同方向跨越不均匀构造,此时各电极线上的电场分量不遵循同一电场矢量的分解准则,导致地表观测三角形内阻抗分量不满足统一的阻抗张量旋转规则. 相似文献
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中国大陆的中部,大约在东经103°～104°线附近,存在着一条近南北向的强震密集带,人们把它叫做“南北地震带”。但是各家所指的范围是不一样的。本文在回顾历史和现状以后,对其划分的范围进行了详细地论证,提出了更合理的划分意见。并从地震学、大地构造学、地球物理学和国民经济等方面,阐明了该划分意见的科学意义。 相似文献
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南海北部280 ka以来深海花粉记录 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
ODP1144孔顶部225m柱状样的孢粉资料揭示近280ka(即氧同位素8期(MIS8))以来,南海北部大陆架的演化历史.间冰期孢粉组合以松属为主,与该区现在情况相似.而冰期孢粉组合中则出现大量草本植物,如蒿属(Artemisia)、禾本科(Gramineae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae).这说明冰期时由于海退引起海平面下降使大陆架出水成陆.出露的大陆架上覆盖着以草原为主的植被.从草本植物花粉与松属花粉两者含量之比可以推断在MIS5期以前大陆架出露的面积小,而MIS4期以来冰期时大陆架大面积出露,末次冰盛期达到高峰.MIS5期前后南海北部大陆架的这种变化,可以从我国大陆新构造运动加以解释.冰期时大陆架上生长的草原植被的组成也有显著变化,MIS8期以禾本科为主,而后,蒿属比例不断增加,末次冰盛期时在草原植被中占了优势,植被的这种变化是对不断变干冷气候的响应. 相似文献
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利用收集的地震深度数据,讨论了南海北部及周缘陆区不同地壳结构地震震源深度的分布特征,结果表明:(1)华南大陆、大陆架、大陆坡区壳内地震分布的下界深度在30km左右,平均深度华南大陆最浅、大陆架区次之,大陆坡区最深;(2)华南沿海大陆型地壳区地震集中分布于5～15km的"优势层"内;大陆架和大陆坡区地震的垂向分布也具有"优势层",但厚度明显增加;而在南海海盆区,地震深度分布范围较大,有相当数量的地震分布于地幔内;(3)地震震源深度的分布特征与岩石圈热-流变结构密切相关,地震主要分布于地壳(岩石圈)的脆性层内.由于南海北部由陆向海脆性层底界深度加深,导致了地震"优势层"厚度加厚.(4)地壳上层的流变结构可能对南海北部及周缘陆区地震的发生有重要影响. 相似文献
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截至2007年1:1000000区域重力工作已基本覆盖青藏高原全区,这些全新的重力成果揭示了很多有意义的现象.通过多方法处理分析研究不同深度层次的重力场特征及正反演计算构建地壳模型,认为:重力异常形态显示青藏高原独成体系,与相邻块体具有多样化的接触关系.已发现蛇绿岩的结合带、弧盆系和岩浆岩带是幅值不等、规模不一的重力高和重力低,表明青藏高原是具有多条结合带的拼合体;班公湖-怒江结合带是高原内最主要的重力高异常带,长达千余公里,将不同深度层次的重力场分成截然不同的南北两大区块,为它是冈瓦纳大陆北界提供了依据;局部重力异常指示青藏高原构造形迹自南而北以东西走向为主,东部则为北西-南北走向,具有与大地构造相似的分区特征; 85°E和92°E附近存在较大尺度的南北和北东走向的重力异常特征线,揭示出青藏高原腹地的深部结构具有东中西三分现象,与表壳的东西走向格局形成对比. 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
18.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献