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1.
由于地震仪器记录的历史较短,不足以据短时间、小尺度范围内的地震资料搞清地震活动的规律,因而对历史地震的研究非常重要。尤其是6.5级以上的历史强震,其参数的不确定性,直接对地震活动性规律和地震安全性评价等问题产生重大影响。根据6.5级以上强震烈度分布特征,本文提出了基于烈度数据点的考虑断层破裂长度的烈度椭圆分布模型,在此基础上联立椭圆数学方程确定了强震参数估计方法,并采用蒙特卡洛方法定量分析了所得参数的不确定性,结果表明:本文计算得到的震级精度在1级以内,震中计算精度可达2类。进而对华北地区5个历史强震参数进行了估算。本文直接采用数学模型分析烈度数据点来估算历史地震震级与震中,故减少了历史地震参数确定上的主观性,提高了科学性。由于在建模过程中,8.0级以上特大地震的资料太少,因此本方法只适用于6.5~8.0级的历史强震。 相似文献
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笔者将各地地震记载视为各地震台站的记录资料,对照谢毓寿教授的“新的中国烈度表”和李善邦教授的“历史地震烈度五条补充规定”,确定各地遭受地震影响的强度——烈度,用现今地震所造成的烈度分布(影响场)特点进行类比,反推历史地震震级等参数。虽 相似文献
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1556年华县地震历史记载是中国历史记载最为丰富的地震之一,本文从这些历史地震记载中提取研究了对地震科学的价值,包括：（1）从“地旋运”记载启迪在大震前人感地旋可作为临震预警的指标;（2）从历史地震记载中综合得出大震前地震动由小到大的时间;（3）大震前旱震关系的中期前兆;（4）大震前汾河地堑中的中强地震活跃;（5）渭河盆地地震发生时间的600年周期;（6）历史地震发生时间的“三性法”分布指征;（7）华县大地震指征的烈度区划观点的验证,华县大地震揭示的烈度不对称性等。以及对秦可大《地震记》的科学意义及历史地位做了肯定性的研究与讨论。 相似文献
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编制完整可靠的历史地震目录是地震安全性评价工作的一项基础工作. 但目前的现状是, 最新版本的《中国历史强震目录（公元前23世纪～公元1911年）》中的某些参数在一些地区很难被认同. 本文以厦漳跨海大桥工程场地地震安全性评价工作为例, 在该工作的区域范围内, 分别将《中国历史强震目录（公元前23世纪～公元1911年）》和福建省地震局提供的地震目录逐条进行对比. 再分析几个影响较大的6级以上地震的时间、空间、强度参数的差异, 以及对工程场址影响的差异. 最后, 对今后“安评”工作中的历史地震目录的使用提出建议. 相似文献
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四川北部地区位于南北强震构造带的中北段,区内活动断裂众多、构造关系复杂、历史及现今地震活动频繁。其中,早期历史地震因时间久远、史料记载简略等原因,其地震基本参数确定和发震构造分析难度较大,存在较大的不确定性。通过对地震史料的系统梳理和实地考证,对该区1900年以前的3次中强破坏性地震(公元638年松潘地震、1738年南坪地震和1748年松潘北地震)进行补充考证,对其震中位置、震级和烈度等基本参数进行重新核定,并综合分析其发震构造特征。研究结果对分析该区地震活动特征及判定未来强震危险区等均具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
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分析了中国大陆地震活动的高频低强度现象与全球７级大震活动和中７级强震活动的关系。结果表明;全球７级强震活动弱时,中国大陆地区的地震活动就有可能出现这种现象。这种现象出现后的第１年中国台湾附近寺区发生７级大震的概率较大,第２年中国大陆地区发生７级大震的概率较大。 相似文献
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东汉早期(公元25—127年)的地震史料十分宝贵, 它反映了从远古零散、 不系统的地震记载转入连续记载并逐渐认识地震的过程. 这时的地震事件较多, 但研究不充分, 地震参数基本呈空白状. 史料的记载方式以“郡国地震”和“京师地震”为主; 时间上, 基本在汉和帝以后; 地点上, 以大华北为主. 本文具体分析了东汉早期的33次地震事件, 利用新的地震烈度衰减关系, 采用郡国平均地理面积和有感面积的概念, 比照地震范例的标准, 按《中国地震目录》的烈度震级表进行参数估算. 研究期间最主要的地震事件是4次震级≥6 1/2 的强震, 即公元46年10月和119年3月南阳地震、 121年10月冀南-鲁西地震和123年5月汉阳地震, 震后都有持续1—2年的余震活动. 公元118年前的地震主要分布于大华北, 震中至京师洛阳的距离多在200 km以外. 除两次5 1/2 —6级地震外, 均属5—5 1/2 级中等强度地震, 少数小于4 3/4 级. 京师洛阳虽经历过多次地震, 但其受影响程度并不强, 基本为有感或强有感的水平, 没有遭受过破坏性或中等强度的震害. 相似文献
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以《中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪——公元1911年)》为基础,将目录中给出的震中精度参数在分段时间和分段震级上进行统计分析,并给出各类精度地震的地理分布．研究结果表明, 58.4%的历史强震震中精度都在3类及以上,其震中不确定范围大于25 km;一般来说,年代越久远的历史地震,其震中精度越差,而且公元1500年以后的历史强震低精度地震所占比例仍然不小;MS6.0以上的历史强震, 3类、 4类和5类精度地震占了60.1 %;不同精度历史强震的地理分布各有特点,云南省1类、 2类精度地震最多,而新疆和西藏的历史强震绝大部分都是低精度地震事件．以震中精度表述的历史强震震中位置不确定性会对潜在震源区划分、近场区地震活动性研究以及地震构造环境评价等工作造成影响,因此在地震危险性研究与地震地质工作中,都需对低精度历史地震重新考证或适当取舍． 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震前地震趋势分析意见的回顾 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
该文在系统整理自2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震到汶川8.0级地震前年度地震趋势预测中提出的地震活动异常和分析意见的基础上, 研究汶川地震未能做出中长期预测的原因。 结果表明: 2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震发生后, 判定中国大陆处于强震连发阶段, 仍有发生8级大震危险, 但此后的2002—2007年中国大陆周边接连发生大震, 而内部连续6年的7级地震平静, 以及中国大陆5、 6级地震相继出现的显著平静, 是导致2006年以后对中国大陆地震活动水平预测明显偏低的原因。 南北地震带中段一直是作为近几年可能发生强震的危险地区, 但2007年云南宁洱6.4级地震后, 对西南地区强震危险的紧迫性估计不足。 而汶川地震所在的龙门山地震带历史上没有7级以上地震记录, 也是该地震带未作为近几年地震重点危险区的原因之一。 相似文献
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福建历史地震与地震灾害特征史料分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国地震学会历史地震专业委员会2005年复核审定的“福建省历史强震简目”为基础,将收集到的强震参数与“福建省志·地震志”的记载进行比较分析,找出差异,建立统计对比表,突出历史大地震的参数、地震影响和地震灾害特征,并就历史地震资料的修订和使用提出看法,充分认识和反映该地理区域真实的历史地震活动和震害影响,为福建地区历史... 相似文献
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Most large earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 in California during 1852–1987 appear to show a southeast-to-northwest tendency of epicenter migration. This finding is consistent with earlier findings ofSavage (1971) for a relatively few large earthquakes along the west coast of North America, and ofWood andAllen (1973) for smaller events along the San Andreas fault in central California. The average speed of migration is approximately 130 km/yr, which is within the range of speeds observed for other major seismic zones in the world. The epicenter migration in California may be the result of some small but broad-scaled episodic strain changes associated with creep waves induced by magma injections at the East Pacific Rise and propagating northwestwardly along a broad transform boundary between the Pacific and North American plates at subseismogenic depths as proposed bySavage (1971). 相似文献
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Parameterization of historical earthquakes in Switzerland 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sonia álvarez-Rubio Philipp K?stli Donat F?h Souad Sellami Domenico Giardini 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(1):1-24
Macroseismic earthquake parameters of historical events have been reassessed in the framework of the update of the Earthquake
Catalogue of Switzerland ECOS-09. The Bakun and Wentworth method (Bakun and Wentworth 1997) has been used to assess location, magnitude, and, when possible, focal depth. We apply a two-step procedure. Intensity attenuation
is assessed first by fitting a model with a logarithmic and a linear term, using a set of 111 earthquakes. The magnitude range
is 3 and 5.8. Then, intensity to magnitude relation is developed. A subset of the 111 events, all having an instrumental moment
magnitude, was used to perform this intensity to magnitude calibration. Five final calibration strategies were developed based
on different intensity calibration datasets, regionalized or non-regionalized models, and fixed or variable source depth.
The final assessment of the macroseismic earthquake parameters is based on an expert judgment procedure, using the results
derived from all five strategies, and taking into consideration the historical knowledge available for the particular earthquake.
A bootstrap procedure has been applied to assess the uncertainty of parameters. Indicative lower and upper bounds of uncertainty
are derived from distributions of location and magnitude for a number of events, obtained through bootstrap sampling of the
intensity field and of the single intensity values. The final uncertainties are given in terms of parameter uncertainty classes
already used in previous versions of the earthquake catalogue of Switzerland. 相似文献
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Robert R. Newton 《Surveys in Geophysics》1973,1(2):123-145
In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge about the acceleration of the Earth's spin, and about the closely related acceleration of the Moon. It is now established at a high confidence level that the acceleration of the Moon, when taken respect to Universal time, has changed by a large amount, and that it has even changed sign, within historic times. This almost certainly means that the acceleration of the Earth's spin has also changed by a large amount. At present we do not have enough information to say whether the changes have been in the contributions from tidal friction, in the contributions that do not arise from tidal friction, or both. Further, we do not know yet whether or not the variations in the Earth's rotation can account for the observed fluctuations in the longitudes of the Sun, the Moon, and the planets. 相似文献
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Carlo Gavarini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(5):480
In the first part the paper outlines the current conceptions relevant to seismic risk for constructions in urban centres analysing seismic hazard, vulnerability and exposure. In the second part there are some details about the vulnerability assessment of ordinary buildings, and about the differences that arise when monumental or historical buildings are in question. Then the concept of seismic scenario is given (third part), so that the specific question of seismic vulnerability of historical centres may be treated (part four), presenting an appropriate methodology recently proposed by the author. Finally part five presents an introduction to the theme of risk mitigation for historical centres and monuments, a very difficult question, where the two aspects of preservation and seismic safety must be considered together. 相似文献
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We useP andS times listed in the International Seismological Summary to relocate 23 historical earthquakes (1927–1963) reported as occurring at or below 670 km. In all cases, our relocated hypocenters are shallower than the starting depths; furthermore, all events converge to 691 km or less, with a precision estimated at ±10 km. This study upholds the results of Stark and Frohlich, who had usedpP–P times of post-WWSSN earthquakes to constrain reliable hypocentral depths to no greater than 684 km. In particular, we reject Rothé's claim that a 1963 event in the vicinity of New Guinea occurred at a depth of more than 780 km. 相似文献
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《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(5-6):669-676
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The historical seismicity of the eastern Transbaikalia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The seismicity of eastern Transbaikalia has not been studied extensively. According to the current estimate, the seismic activity
in this area is defined as moderate and low. At the same time, there is some historical evidence to show that major seismic
occurrences have repeatedly taken place in various areas of Transbaikalia. The evidence is fragmentary and for this reason
has not been taken account of when developing parametric catalogs and for seismic hazard assessment in eastern Siberia. The
present paper considers some new data that throw light on the macroseismic effects of some large historical earthquakes in
eastern Transbaikalia and permit estimation of their basic parameters. Additional material was discovered when inspecting
the regional periodicals that were published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This study suggests higher seismic
activity for eastern Transbaikalia than thought previously. 相似文献
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