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1.
黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地系列形成中构造作用的多层次性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原－同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10－21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1．57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原－天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土－古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造－气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造－气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。 相似文献
2.
宁夏地区GPS监测网建设、近期地壳运动特征及应力场与地震活动关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在阿拉善块体、鄂尔多斯块体和青藏块体交汇处的宁夏中部布设了GPS观测网,利用1996年以来的5期复测资料,分析了宁夏中部地区现今地壳运动状态,其结果为①宁夏中部地区在l996年12月至l999年5月间,有围绕鄂尔多斯西缘(P2测点)左旋运动的现象,银川盆地东侧的灵武断裂呈左旋逆走滑运动方式.该区主应力场方向为北北东-南南西(方位角为29.8°)方向,P2测站以南的中部地区向东位移,垂直形变量级明显大于水平形变量级,银川盆地及青藏块体呈上升状态,鄂尔多斯腹地的P1测站呈逐年下降趋势,在P3与P4测点间可能有一隐伏断裂存在.②在GPS测区附近中强地震前约1年,可观测到该区GPS测站的形变异常及主应力方向发生转变异常;测区附近中强地震前及周边地区强震前,该区GPS形变模拟矢量场能够预示未来地震的大体方位.这些结果可作为地震预测的特征值加以考虑. 相似文献
3.
高速铁路路基动土压力测试信号的小波分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阐述了小波分析的基本原理与方法,选用Daubechies小波对某高速铁路路基土压力的现场振动测试信号进行分析处理。由此对高速列车荷载作用下,路基动土压力产生的机理及其土压力的构成进行较深入的研究。 相似文献
4.
INTRODUCTIONThephenomenonof“quiescence”beforestrongearthquakeshaswidelybeenaccepted .However,isitreallyquietbeforeanearthquake ?Accordingtorecordsfromshortperiodseismographs,itis“quiet”beforeearthquake ,butaccordingtotherecordsofbroadbandseismograph ,thismaynotbetrue .Thekeytothismatterishowtogetreliableinformation .Earlyinthe 1 970’s,manyseismologiststhoughtthattheultra lowfrequencywaveformrecordedbybroadbandseismometersbeforeearthquakescamefromfore sliporslow extending (Rikitake ,… 相似文献
5.
ＫｉｎｅｍａｔｉｃｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｉｓｍｏｇｅｎｉｃｆａｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅＴａｎｇｓｈａｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｌａｒｇｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓＪＩＥＬＩＵ１）（刘洁）ＨＵＩ－ＺＨＥＮＳＯＮ... 相似文献
6.
在横跨鄂尔多斯盆地西缘构造带北段的查甘池—银川—五湖洞约200 km长的东西向剖面上,进行了67个测点的大地电磁探测.使用“远参考道”和Robust技术处理数据.分析了各测点视电阻率、阻抗相位、二维偏离度、电性主轴方位角、磁实感应矢量等参数,采用NLCG二维反演方法对TE和TM两种模式的数据进行了二维反演.得到的二维电性结构表明,沿剖面查汗断裂带、贺兰山东缘断裂带和黄河断裂带是明显较大型电性边界,为超壳断裂带,而三关口断裂带深部延深不大.沿剖面阿拉善地块、贺兰山褶皱带、银川断陷盆地和鄂尔多斯地块具有明显不同的深部电性结构特征.阿拉善地块内部除浅表电阻率较低外,以下到深度约50 km都表现为高电阻特性.贺兰山褶皱带电性结构复杂,电阻率高低相间.银川盆地具有上宽下窄最深达约8 km低阻层,具有断陷盆地特征.鄂尔多斯地块具有低-高-低的深部电性结构特征,成层性较明显. 相似文献
7.
The apparent magnitude of an earthquakey is defined as the observed magnitude value and differs from the true magnitudem because of the experimental noisen. Iff(m) is the density distribution of the magnitudem, and ifg(n) is the density distribution of the errorn, then the density distribution ofy is simply computed by convolvingf andg, i.e.h(y)=f*g.If the distinction betweeny andm is not realized, any statistical analysis based on the frequency-magnitude relation of the earthquake is bound to produce questionable results. In this paper we investigate the impact of the apparent magnitude idea on the statistical methods that study the earthquake distribution by taking into account only the largest (or extremal) earthquakes. We use two approaches: the Gumbel method based on Gumbel theory (Gumbel, 1958), and the Poisson method introduced byEpstein andLomnitz (1966). Both methods are concerned with the asymptotic properties of the magnitude distributions. Therefore, we study and compare the asymptotic behaviour of the distributionsh(y) andf(m) under suitable hypotheses on the nature of the experimental noise. We investigate in detail two dinstinct cases: first, the two-side limited symmetrical noise, i.e. the noise that is bound to assume values inside a limited region, and second, the normal noise, i.e. the noise that is distributed according to a normal symmetric distribution.We further show that disregarding the noise generally leads to biased results and that, in the framework of the apparent magnitude, the Poisson approach preserves its usefulness, while the Gumbel method gives rise to a curious paradox. 相似文献
8.
XING Chengqi Ding Guoyu LU Yanchou Shen Xuhui Tian Qinjian YIN Gongming CHAI Zhizhang WEI Kaibo 《中国地震研究》2003,17(2):183-198
Where the Yellow River flows through the Haiyuan-Tongxin arc-form tectonic region on the northeastern side of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, as many as 10～21 basis and erosion terraces have been produced, among which the biggest altitude above river level is 401m and the formation age of the highest terrace is 1.57 Ma B.P. Based on comparative analysis of the Yellow River terraces located separately in the Mijiashan mountain, the Chemuxia gorge, the Heishanxia gorge and the other river terraces in the vast extent of the northern part of China, it has been found that the tectonic processes resulting in the formation of the terrace series is one of multi-gradational features, i.e., a terrace series can include the various terraces produced by tectonic uplifts of different scopes or scales and different ranks. The Yellow River terrace series in the study region can be divided into three grades. Among them, in the first grade there are 6 terraces which were formed separately at the same time in the vast extent of the northern part of China and represent the number and magnitude of uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since 1.6 Ma B. P. ; in the second grade there are 5 terraces which were separately and simultaneously developed within the Haiyuan-Tianjingshan tectonic region and represent the number and magnitude of uplift of this tectonic region itself since 1.6Ma B. P.; in the third grade there are 10 terraces which developed on the eastern slope of the Mijiashan mountain and represent the number and amplitude of uplift of the Haiyuan tectonic belt itself since 1.6Ma B.P. Comparison of the terrace ages with loess-paleosoil sequence has also showed that the first grade terraces reflecting the vast scope uplifts of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are very comparable with climatic changes and their formation ages all correspond to the interglacial epochs during which paleosoils were formed. This implies that the vast extent tectonic uplifts resulting in river down-cutting are closely related to the warm-humid climatic periods which can also resnit in river downward erosion after strong dry and cold climatic periods, and they have jointly formed the tectonic-climatic cycles. There exists no unanimous and specific relationship between the formation ages of the second and third grade terraces and climatic changes and it is shown that the formation of those terraces was most mainly controlled by tectonic uplifts of the Tianjingshan block and the Haiyuan belt. The river terraces in the study region, therefore, may belong to 2 kinds of formation cause. One is a tectonic-climatic cyclical terrace produced jointly by vast extent tectonic uplifts and climatic changes, and the terraces of this kind are extensively distributed and can be well compared with each other among regions. Another is a pulse-tectonic cyclical terrace produced by local tectonic uplifts as dominant elements, and their distribution is restricted within an active belt and can not be compared with among regions. 相似文献
9.
Linkage between the second uplifting of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau and the initiation of the Asian monsoon system 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
During the period from 25 to 17 Ma BP, when the second plateau uplifting, i.e. the second phase of the Himalaya movement,
occurred, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau reached an altitude high enough to chbge the situation of the general circulation. Such
an effect of the plateau on the atmospheric circulation was accompanied by the warrning of the tropical ocean, the enhancement
of the cross equatorial current, the enlargement of the marginal sea basins in the east-southeastern Asia, the westward extending
of the Asian continent and the regression of the Paratethys Sea. As a result, the thermal difference was enlarged, and the
air currents were enhanced between continents and oceans; finally the Asian monsoon system, mainly the summer monsoon, was
initiated. The former planet wind system was then substituted by the monsoon system, and this caused the important environmental
changes, such as the large shrinkage of the dry steppe in Central Asia, and the extension of the humid forest zone in East
Asia. Thme changes have been dated at 21.8 Ma BP on the Lingxia profile in the northeastern border of the Tibet Plateau, when
the savanna was transformed into the forest.
Project supported by the National Climbing Project and Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ951-A1-204) 相似文献
10.
通过对黄海北部海域近几年来地震空间活动特征和幕式活动特征的分析讨论,认为该区域大震前小震空间活动征兆明显;此区域仍然处于高应力水平,存在发生Ms≥5．0级地震的可能。 相似文献
11.
地震动持时作为表征地震动的三要素之一,其对震害的影响逐渐被人们所认识.然而,在地震动持时的定义方面,目前没有统一且明确的概念,文中给出了广义的地震动总持时和强震持时的定义,研究者们根据各自领域的研究特点选择更适合的持时.持时大致可以分为两个大类:一是绝对持时,即基于加速度绝对值阈值的括号持时;二是相对持时,也就是反映地震动过程强度或能量变化趋势的持时,比如能量控制的相对持时等.持时的定义有很多种,文章简单地回顾了地震动持时的五种定义,同时,细致地分析了五种持时定义所表现的特点,并介绍了持时预测模型的研究成果,最后针对目前应用持时存在的问题提出了几点认识. 相似文献
12.
13.
Wojciech W. Grabowski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(1):79-92
Appropriate formulation of bulk parameterization of snow growth and evaporation based on observational characteristics of snow particles is presented. The parameterization is compared to that of S. A. Rutledge and P. V. Hobbs and to detailed treatment in which snow particles are assumed to grow or evaporate in each size bin separately. On the contrary to bulk parameterization of rain, snow diffusional growth or evaporation is accurately represented in the suggested bulk formulation, but growth by riming is overpredicted. Integrations of water budget equations in a one-dimensional updraft have shown that quantitative results, e.g., precipitation intensity, cloudwater content, supersaturation with respect to ice, depend on the parameterization scheme employed, which suggests that comparisons of field measurements with parameterized model outputs is usually not straightforward. 相似文献
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15.
Contributions of terrestrial and GRACE data to the study of the secular geoid changes in North America 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper tests and discusses different statistical methods for modelling secular rates of change of the geoid in North America. In particular, we use the method of principal component/empirical orthogonal functions (PC/EOF) analysis to model the geoid rates from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. As demonstrated, the PC/EOF analysis is useful for studying the contributions from different signals (mainly residual hydrology signals and leakage effects) to the GRACE-derived geoid rates. The PC/EOF analysis leads to smaller geoid rates compared to the conventional least-squares fitting of a trend and annual and semi-annual cycles to the time series of the spherical harmonic coefficients. This is because we filter out particular spatiotemporal modes of the regional geoid changes.We apply the method of least-squares collocation with parameters to combine terrestrial data (GPS vertical velocities from the Canadian Base Network and terrestrial gravity rates from the Canadian Gravity Standardization Net) with the GRACE-derived vertical motion to obtain again the geoid rates. The combined model has a peak geoid rate of 1.4 mm/year in the southeastern area of Hudson Bay contrary to the GRACE-derived geoid rates that show a large peak of 1.6–1.7 mm/year west of Hudson Bay. We demonstrate that the terrestrial data, which have a longer time span than the GRACE data, are important for constraining the GRACE-derived secular signal in the areas that are well sampled by the data. 相似文献
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17.
本文假设马尼拉海沟北段为潜在海啸源,基于中国地震台网对马尼拉海沟地区震级测定偏差,采用COMCOT(comell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model)海啸数值模型,模拟南海海啸波传播.选取南海北缘3个特定地点,其中两个位于华南近海区域,另一个位于台湾岛南端近海区域,此外还在临近马尼拉海沟北段的深海地区选取了1个特定地点.分析这些特定地点最大海啸波以及最大海啸波到时对于震级测定偏差的敏感性.结果表明:马尼拉海沟北段地震如触发海啸,华南近海区域以及台湾岛南部近海区域最大海啸波振幅对震级偏差敏感,但最大海啸波振幅到时对于震级测定偏差不敏感;振幅最大的海啸波,二十几分钟即可波及台湾岛南端近岸区域,大约1小时后波及大陆华南近海北部区域. 相似文献
18.
依据单一力源模型的基本原理 ,利用青藏块体东北缘多年来水准观测垂直位移资料 ,反演该区 2 0a来中强地震的潜在震源力学参数与未来可能的危险区域 ,得到 :①如果确定所选研究区仅有一个等价强震力源 ,反演的强震力源与实际震中符合度较好 ,这对中强地震地点的预测有一定的参考价值 ;②在青藏块体东北缘6级左右的地震 ,比较合理的可研究范围一般为震源有效半径的 1 0倍 ,对应的等价力源的量级约为 1 0 1 1 N ;③从 1 995～ 2 0 0 0年的分区模拟结果看 ,在祁连的中段存在一个潜在的等价强震力源 (1× 1 0 1 1 N) ;另外 ,在青海与甘肃南部交界处存在一个潜在的等价强震力源 ,该力源深度为 5km ,大小达到 5× 1 0 1 1 N。 相似文献
19.
Cheng Kueihsiang 《中国地震研究》2003,17(1):85-96
The data of earthquakes with M≥3.0 during the 7 years from September 21, 1993 to September 20, 2000 recorded by the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (CWB) show that there were 6 types of clear characteristics of seismicity during the Chi-Chi strong earthquake swarm of September 21. These 6 types of characteristics are (1) foreshock types, (2) seismic gaps, (3) seismic bands, (4) clustering activity of foreshocks and signal shock, (5) quiescence before the main shock and (6) secondary aftershocks in the aftershock sequence. Using the procedures for analyzing the yearly strong earthquake tendency, further tracing based on the earthquake sequence characteristics, and taking the Chi-Chi earthquake sequence as an example, tracing analysis of the earthquake tendency was attempted using the shorter time range of monthly rather than in a yearly time scale. An attempt was made to establish the procedures for tracing analysis of shallow-focus earthquakes in the seismic belt of western Taiwan. It is hoped that this can provide an analystical method for approaching the short-imminent time scale of seismometry-based earthquake forecasting. 相似文献
20.
中国大陆西部前兆异常涨落与强震短期预测研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
统计了1998年以来西部六省区(云南、 四川、 青海、 甘肃、 宁夏、 新疆)前兆异常月频次, 探讨了异常数量的涨落与强震活动的关系。 结果表明, 大部分强震前强震所在省份及邻区的前兆异常数量有明显的持续增长现象, 临震时一般表现为异常回落至低值。 从时间上看, 异常增长的起始时间一般为震前3～4个月到震前7～8个月, 少量为震前14～18个月; 异常数量到达峰值的时间为震前1个月至震前10个月。 研究认为, 异常月频次峰值时间可以作为强震预测的中短期至短期指标。 研究还表明, 2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震前, 除青海、 甘肃地区外, 云南、 四川的前兆异常也突出, 似乎显示了8.1级地震的孕育范围已影响到川滇地区。 相似文献