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1.
Diatoms are a globally successful and eukaryotic photosynthetic organism with an ornamented silica external wall. The relationship between their valve morphology and habitat means that diatoms can be used as bioindicators to characterize the aquatic environment. To estimate the differential distribution and diversity of diatom assemblages along the coastal line, we collected phytoplankton samples from 114 coastal sites of waters of R. O. Korea. We applied the unweighted pair-group technique usin... 相似文献
2.
Epizoic diatoms on marine copepods are common in nature and may have a special ecological relationship with their hosts.However,this special ecological group is not well known,and it has only rarely been studied in the China seas.To address this knowledge gap,the species diversity and classification of epizoic diatoms on planktonic copepods were studied with samples collected from the East China Sea.In the present study,a marine araphid diatom genus Protoraphis and its type species,Pr.hustedtiana,were observed and identified by light and electron microscopy,thus representing the first record of this genus and its type species in China.This genus is characterized by a median sternum strongly bent to opposite sides and terminate in two transapical grooves at the valve ends.Protoraphis hustedtiana was found to be epizoic on the posterior body appendages and segments of the marine calanoid copepod Candacia bradyi.An internal view shows a complex,ear-shaped process that is close to the apical slit field.The ecological habitats and geographical distributions of Protoraphis were also discussed,and,together with complementary morphological studies,our results have increased the number of records for marine epizoic diatoms to three genera with three species in China,including Pseudohimantidium and Pseudofalcula. 相似文献
3.
Adria M. Lassiter Frances P. Wilkerson Richard C. Dugdale Victoria E. Hogue 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3063
Elevated levels of phytoplankton were observed at the Northern California coastal upwelling ecosystem studied as part of the CoOP-WEST project during monthly summer surveys in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The high concentrations of chlorophyll were made up mostly of larger cells; the phytoplankton communities that resulted were dominated by centric diatoms. The highest chlorophyll a concentrations were observed when large diatoms or small colony-forming species dominated the assemblages. In contrast, when smaller nano-flagellates and picoplankton were dominant, total chlorophyll a concentrations were over four or five-fold lower than when diatoms were prevalent, illustrating the importance of large diatoms to total phytoplankton biomass. Each year, when chlorophyll concentrations were greatest, Chaetoceros species created a Chaetoceros-dominated system. A few other genera contributed to the upwelling diatom community, mostly the centric diatoms Asterionella, Thalassiosira, Rhizosolenia (including Guinardia and Proboscia), and the pennate Nitzschia. These diatoms have been described in other coastal upwelling ecosystems, and at this study site form a functional group that are apparently well adapted to the high-nutrient, turbulent conditions that are typical of these coastal regions. 相似文献
4.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｉｃｒｏ ｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｔｈａｔｉｎｈａｂｉｔｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｓｔｉｃｅｓａｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｓｉｄｅｏｆｓｅａｉｃｅａｒｅｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｗｉｄｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙ ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｉｏｄｓｏｆｂｒｉｎｅｄｒａｉｎａｇｅａｎｄｉｃｅｍｅｌｔｉｎｇ(Ｈｏｒｎｅｒ ,1 977;ＧｒａｎｔａｎｄＨｏｒｎｅｒ ,1 976 ) .Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｉｎｓｅａｉｃｅａｒｅｌｏｗｅｒｄｕｒｉｎ… 相似文献
5.
T.D. Peterson D.W. CrawfordP.J. Harrison 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(4):377-389
We performed a multi-day shipboard experiment in June 2001 to test whether combining water from within an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in the eastern Gulf of Alaska with water from outside could result in enhanced phytoplankton growth and to determine how mixing might influence planktonic assemblages. Initially, the eddy had lower standing stocks of algal pigments (chlorophyll a [chl a] and accessory pigments), nutrients, phytoplankton, and particulate organic carbon/nitrogen compared to waters outside of the eddy. The eddy possessed a greater diversity and abundance of coastal diatoms while the outside waters had a greater proportion of oceanic species, including the endemic pennate diatom, Nitzschia cylindroformis. After one week of incubation, rates of primary production were significantly higher in the mixed water compared to both the eddy and outside treatments. Pigment concentrations (except chl c3, alloxanthin, and zeaxanthin) and the proportion of large diatoms (mainly Pseudo-nitzschia spp.) and heterotrophic dinoflagellates were greater in the mixed water than would be expected from the simple combination of inside and outside waters. Nutrient limitation (most likely by trace metals) appeared to be less severe in the mixed water. Chl a was enhanced in the mixed water, particularly when compared to the eddy water. The mixing of eddy and outside water masses stimulated primary production by ∼20%, but more importantly, the mixing resulted in a distinct planktonic assemblage. The biomass enrichment was short-lived, indicating that the maintenance of elevated chl a would require further mixing events in a physical setting that also permits an accumulation of biomass. We note that submesoscale processes, including the intensification of ageostrophic circulation that elicits strong vertical mixing in the presence of strain, might explain observed patterns of high phytoplankton standing stocks at the inner edges of Haida eddies in the field. 相似文献
6.
Diatom succession and silicon removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones: From experiment to modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Estuaries act as filters for land derived material reducing the river input to the coastal zone. Silicon (Si) removal from freshwater which is tightly linked to the growth of diatoms was studied in the estuarine mixing zone where the mixing of freshwater and seawater results in a salinity gradient. Three planktonic diatom species with different origin and salinity tolerance were grown in an artificial salinity gradient. Salinity stress and nutrient depletion led to a specific succession of the three diatoms along the salinity gradient. When available light was increased, diatoms reached higher biomass and the Si removal from water column was more efficient along the mixing. From this experiment, a conceptual model of Si transformations and removal from freshwater was build and applied to an idealized stratified estuary. Sensitivity analysis with varying initial conditions and parameter values pointed transit time of freshwater in the estuary, freshwater and seawater mixing rate and river turbidity as important interactive factors influencing Si removal from freshwater. Other factors like the total amount and the salinity tolerance of diatoms in the upstream river were shown to significantly affect riverine Si removal from the surface layer of an estuary. Finally it appears that Si removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones proceeds in two ways: a first rapid death and sedimentation of planktonic stenohaline diatoms imported from the river and second, the growth and subsequent settling of planktonic euryhaline diatoms of either freshwater or marine origin. 相似文献
7.
8.
The effects of bacterial films on diatom attachment were examined in short-term laboratory experiments, comparing the density of immotile pennate diatoms attached to plates previously coated with bacterial films (BP) with that of sterile plates (SP). The predominant diatom and bacterium wereSynedra sp. andAlcaligenes sp., respectively. There was no significant difference between densities of diatoms on SP and those on BP at each contact time (2, 5, 10, 30, 60 min), although bacterial densities on BP were 17 to 185 times those on SP. Moreover, SEM observations showed that the percentage of diatoms in contact with bacteria on SP were quite low. The results of this study indicate that a bacterial film is not always necessary for diatoms to attach to substrata and that the film ofAlcaligenes sp. had no effect on the attachment ofSynedra sp. 相似文献
9.
甜菜碱脂在14种海洋微藻中的分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用超高效液相色谱?四极杆?飞行时间质谱联用分析系统(UPLC -Q- TOF MS),对4个微藻门中的14种微藻的甜菜碱脂的分子组成及其相应脂肪酸的组成及分布进行分析。结果表明:在14种微藻中共鉴定出133种甜菜碱脂,包括53种DGCC、41种DGTS和39种DGTA。其中甲藻和定鞭藻中主要的甜菜碱脂种类为DGCC,绿藻中主要的甜菜碱脂种类为DGTS;而在硅藻中的甜菜碱脂主要包括两种:中心硅藻纲中为DGCC,羽纹硅藻纲中为DGTA。此外,不同微藻中甜菜碱脂脂肪酸组成差异仅限制在门或纲的水平上,在较低的分类水平上差异不明显。硅藻门、甲藻门和定鞭藻门中均含有DGCC,其脂肪酸链的组成均含有C14?C18的脂肪酸以及C20和C22的多不饱和脂肪酸,但是甲藻的C14?C18脂肪酸链为饱和的,而C19奇数碳原子的脂肪酸链仅在硅藻中发现。认为海洋微藻甜菜碱脂的研究可以为海洋微藻化学分类学以及缺磷极性脂类的生理、生态作用和功能特性研究提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
10.
Of the diatoms from sediments of the South China Sea, mainly composed of planktonic species of tropical and subtropical zones, 36 genera and 86 species are identified. Based on the changes in diatom numbers and the appearance of diatom assemblages, six diatom zones are distinguished in Core V, reflecting six phases of paleoclimatc, paleo-watertemperature and paleogeography. According to the Quaternary climatic division, these zones represent hot weather and warm weather as a whole, and they are separately equal to postglacial period, the Holocene; Wurm glacial period; Riss-Wurm interglacial period; and Riss glacial period, the Late Pleistocene. 相似文献
11.
Abstract. Nitzschia sicula (C astr .) H ust ., a planktonic pennate diatom, dominated the microphytoplankton (104 -5 times 104 cells. 1-1 ) in the central, oligotrophic Southern Adriatic Pit waters (20-50m layer) in May 1990. Nauplii dominated the microzooplankton (3 indiv. 1-1 in the 0-50m layer, 130 μm mean body length) and produced a considerable amount of faecal (mini)pellets (1900. 1-1 at 50m, mean diameter 47μm), which were compactly filled with N. sicula frustules. The subsurface accumulation of diatoms and nauplii was probably the result of both productive activity under specific hydrographic conditions and the convergence in a relatively strong southern Adriatic cyclonic gyre; the advective transport of populations along the shear zone, at the boundary between water masses of different thermo-haline characteristics may also have played a role. The amount of minipellets was high if compared with the data available from other seas. This was probably due to high production of minipellets, their slow sinking rate, and/or an absence of manipulation of the faecal material by zooplankton. 相似文献
12.
Abstract. New data on the planktonic diatoms from the Gulf of Naples are presented together with those from the literature. Information is given on abundances, seasonal cycles and distributions of 183 taxa, including species, varieties and forms. 相似文献
13.
Growth,feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Hae Jin Jeong Yeong Du Yoo Jae Seong Kim Kyeong Ah Seong Nam Seon Kang Tae Hoon Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2010,45(2):65-91
Planktonic mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are ubiquitous protists and often abundant in marine environments. Recently many phototrophic dinoflagellate species have been revealed to be mixotrophic organisms and also it is suggested that most dinoflagellates may be mixotrophic or heterotrophic protists. The mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are able to feed on diverse prey items including bacteria, picoeukaryotes, nanoflagellates, diatoms, other dinoflagellates, heterotrophic protists, and metazoans due to their diverse feeding mechanisms. In turn they are ingested by many kinds of predators. Thus, the roles of the dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs are very diverse. The present paper reviewed the kind of prey which mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are able to feed on, feeding mechanisms, growth and ingestion rates of dinoflagellates, grazing impact by dinoflagellate predators on natural prey populations, predators on dinoflagellates, and red tides dominated by dinoflagellates. Based on this information, we suggested a new marine planktonic food web focusing on mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and provided an insight on the roles of dinoflagellates in the food web. 相似文献
14.
From the continental shelf of the East China Sea, we have collected and recorded 157 taxa of planktonic diatoms, of which 57 are tropical species, 20 temperate species, 73 widely distributed species and 7 remain to be further investigated for their habitats. Chaetoceros peruvianus f. robusta, Chaet. setoenis, Rhizosolenia alata f. curvirostris and Triceratium campeachlanum are four species recorded for the first time in China.The diatoms flora in the present region is mainly warm-water in nature and is very much similar to that in the South China Sea but differs greatly from that in the Huanghai Sea. Gossle-riella tropica (30°00′ - 32°00′ N, 127°20′ - 128°30′E) and other warm-water floras are present in the waters due to the effect of the Tsushima Warm Current. 相似文献
15.
Atsushi Tsuda Hiroshi Kiyosawa Akira Kuwata Mamiko Mochizuki Naonobu Shiga Hiroaki Saito Sanae Chiba Keiri Imai Jun Nishioka Tsuneo Ono 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,64(2-4):189
Phytoplankton species composition was analyzed inside and outside of the iron-enriched patch during the SEEDS experiment. Before the iron-enrichment, the phytoplankton community consisted of similar proportions of pico-, nano- and micro-sized phytoplankton, and the micro-phytoplankton was dominated by the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia turgidula. Although all the diatoms, except the nano-sized Fragilariopsis sp., increased during the two weeks of the observation period, the flora in the patch dramatically changed with the increase of phytoplankton biomass to a centric diatom-dominated community. Neritic diatoms, especially Chaetoceros debilis, showed higher growth rates than other diatoms, without any delay in the initiation of growth after the enrichment, and accounted for 90% of the micro-phytoplankton after day 9. In contrast, the oceanic diatoms showed distinct delays in the initiation of growth. We conclude that the responses of the diatoms to the manipulation of iron concentration were different by species, and the fast and intensive response of the phytoplankton to iron-enrichment resulted from the presence of a small amount of neritic diatoms at the study site. The important factors that determine the dominant species in the bloom are the potential growth rates under an iron-replete condition and the growth lag. Abundant species in the patch are widely distributed in the North Pacific and their relative contributions in the Oyashio area and at Stn KNOT are high from spring to summer. However, a characteristic difference of species composition between the SEEDS bloom and natural blooms was the lack of Thalassiosira and Coscinodiscus species in the patch, which usually account for a major part of the phytoplankton community under blooming conditions in the western North Pacific. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Feeding habits of adult female Acartia tonsa and Labidocera aestiva and L. aestiva CV copepodites were examined by comparing fecal pellet contents and available phytoplankton. Samples were collected from eight stations in the northern Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Fecal pellets of both copepods contained remains of a wide variety of chain-forming and solitary phytoplankters of various sizes, as well as remains of other crustaceans. Contents of fecal pellets generally mirrored the composition and relative abundance of fluctuating assemblages of available natural phytoplankton. Both species fed upon a wide size range of cells, from solitary centric diatoms of 2–8 um diameter up to large solitary centrics of 33–53 urn diameter. Both copepods also ingested the elongate solitary pennate diatom Thalassiothrix sp. (264–330 urn long) and chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum. Remains of large or chain-forming diatoms and crustaceans were more dominant in fecal pellets of L. aestiva. This suggests that L. aestiva is primarily a raptorial feeder, grasping larger particles while A. tonsa is a more typical suspension feeder. Both copepods are opportunistic omnivores, however, and there is considerable overlap in their diets. 相似文献
17.
Y. Feng C.E. Hare J.M. Rose S.M. Handy G.R. DiTullio P.A. Lee W.O. Smith J. Peloquin S. Tozzi J. Sun Y. Zhang R.B. Dunbar M.C. Long B. Sohst M. Lohan D.A. Hutchins 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(3):368-383
We conducted a factorial shipboard continuous culture experiment to examine the interactive effects of altered iron, irradiance and CO2 on the summer phytoplankton community of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. After 18 days of continuous incubation, iron enrichment increased phytoplankton biomass, nutrient drawdown, diatom and Phaeocystis abundance, and some photosynthetic parameters. High irradiance significantly increased the number of Phaeocystis antarctica colonies, as well as P. antarctica abundance relative to diatoms. Iron and light had significant interactive effects on diatom and P. antarctica pigment concentrations, P. antarctica colony abundance, and Si:N, Si:C, and N:P ratios. The major influence of high CO2 was on diatom community structure, by favoring the large centric diatom Chaetoceros lineola over the small pennate species Cylindrotheca closterium. The ratio of centric to pennate diatoms was significantly responsive to changes in all three variables individually, and to all of their possible two- and three-way combinations. These results suggest that shifts in light, iron, and CO2 and their mutual interactions all play a role in controlling present day Ross Sea plankton community structure, and need to be considered when predicting the possible future responses of biology and biogeochemistry in this region. 相似文献
18.
The composition and distribution of the main planktonic halophilic microorganisms were studied in 12 ponds of different salinity levels, ranging from 38 to 328, in the saltern of Sousse, Tunisia, in relation to environmental factors. Nutrient concentrations increased with decreasing salinity in the ponds. Phytoplankton, ciliate and zooplankton communities were very diverse and varied spatially in relation to salinity in the ponds and to nutrient availability. Phytoplankton were dominated by diatoms, followed by dinoflagellates, in primary ponds where salinities were <100, and by the Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae in ponds with higher salinity. Zooplankton were dominated by copepods in the ponds of lowest salinity and by the brine shrimp Artemia salina in the most saline ponds. Within the planktonic community as a whole, diatoms, Spirotrichaea and copepods (68.9%, 89.9% and 71.05%, respectively) dominated in the lower-salinity ponds whereas Chlorophyceae, heterotrichs and Artemia salina (49.19%, 50.4% and 90%, respectively) dominated in the ponds of higher salinity. Despite the considerable constraint imposed by salinity, other environmental factors such as temperature also play a role in regulating the planktonic communities. 相似文献
19.
雨生红球藻的细胞周期初探 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
于１９９７年在青岛利用显微镜连续观察技术研究了雨生红球藻的细胞繁殖方式和动力学。结果表明,该藻细胞周期分为流动和不动２个阶段。每一阶段主要以无性生殖产生孢子的方式完成增殖。正常条件下游动细胞主要产生２、４个,偶尔产生２、４个,偶尔产生８个游动孢子,游孢子从孢子囊释放后为游动细胞。环境不适时流动细胞以及流动孢子失去鞭毛转入不动阶段。不动细胞主要形成４、８个,偶尔也能形成２０多个不动孢子,该过程不一定 相似文献
20.
Reproductive success of Calanus pacificus during diatom blooms in Dabob Bay, Washington 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
While numerous laboratory studies in the last decade have shown that diatoms can induce reproductive failure in copepods, field evidence for a negative diatom effect is equivocal. To unambiguously elucidate the effects diatoms have on copepod reproduction in situ, we undertook a study of the abundance, distribution, grazing rates, and reproductive success of Calanus pacificus in Dabob Bay, Washington, USA, during two spring bloom periods. We simultaneously measured the phytoplankton composition, abundance, and distribution. Here we present results for the reproductive success of C. pacificus using four measurements: egg production rate, clutch size, egg hatching success, and naupliar survival (to the first feeding stage). Egg production rate was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration, and egg hatching success and naupliar survival were usually greater than 80%. However, in February 2002 and 2003 – during blooms of diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira – either egg hatching success, naupliar survival, or both were significantly depressed compared to other times in spring and summer. These effects, combined with evidence that C. pacificus was grazing aldehyde-producing Thalassiosira at the time of their blooms, indicate that diatoms can negatively affect copepod reproduction in the field, albeit only under specific circumstances and for brief periods. 相似文献