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Relatively little work has been published on the correlation between the light hydrocarbon distributions in reservoir fluids and their proposed source rocks [Philippi, G. T. (1981)]. The aim of our work was to study this relationship in detail for samples from Mid-Norway. The main source rocks offshore Mid-Norway are the marine shales of the Late Jurassic Spekk Formation and the coals and paralic shales of the Early Jurassic Åre Formation. Reliable light hydrocarbon (C4–C13) data for source rock samples were acquired by thermal extraction-GC of the source rocks. Of these, notably the hydrocarbons in the C6–C8 range (routinely measured in test fluids) were used to discriminate between the Spekk and Åre Formation samples. A total of twenty-six samples from the Spekk Formation and twenty-four samples from the Åre Formation at different maturity levels and facies were analyzed. In general, the two source rock types differ in their light hydrocarbon composition by the presence of relatively more aromatics and cyclohexanes in the Åre samples, while the Spekk samples are richer in cyclopentanes and acyclic hydrocarbons. We show that source rock facies is a more important indicator of light hydrocarbon composition than maturity variation. Differences in the chemical composition, which can be used to discriminate between the two source rocks, were supported by differences in the carbon isotope composition of individual components of the same fraction, as determined by GHM-IR-MS analysis of eleven samples. Further, the light hydrocarbon compositions of reservoir fluids (oils and condensates) were compared with those for the source rock(s). Sixty-six gas chromatograms of oils and condensates, representing most of the known petroleum accumulations in Mid-Norway, were collected. Of these, five oil samples were selected for detailed isotopic analysis of individual components (GC-IR-MS). When using a classification scheme based on data from sediment samples, data for the light hydrocarbon fraction of oils and condensates indicate that the Spekk Formation is the dominant source for most of the fields from Mid-Norway, with a significant contribution from the Åre Formation being detected principally in one field. Differences in the chemical composition of the C6–C8 fractions were supported by differences in the carbon isotope composition of individual components, which also discriminate between the oils. Although the classification diagrams used in this study are based on source rock data from Mid-Norway, the method can be applied to other areas, providing that the diagrams are calibrated with source rock data from the area of interest. 相似文献
3.
塔里木盆地塔河油田原油与源岩对比研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
塔河油田是我国迄今为止在古生界海相碳酸盐岩层系中发现的最大的油气田,但是原油的油源目前仍然是一个有争异的问题。对塔河油田原油和寒武系、奥陶系烃源岩进行了地球化学分析,研究了生物标志化合物组成和分布特征,进行了油源对比。原油和烃源岩中正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、甾烷和萜烷组成及分布特征,显示了塔河油田原油与寒武系、奥陶系烃源岩具有亲缘关系,这与塔河油田长期成藏和多期成藏,从而允许寒武系、奥陶系烃源岩持续供油的地质事实相符合。研究认为,塔河油田原油与寒武系、奥陶系烃源岩中一些生物标志化合物组成的差异,可能与它们起源于有机质不同演化阶段有关,这一点应在研究具有高演化有机质特征的油源对比时予以重视。 相似文献
4.
柴达木盆地第三系油源对比 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
本文利用生物标记化合物,着重讨论了柴达木盆地第三系内陆盐湖相地层中的油源对比问题.主要应用甾烷的母源参数与成熟度参数相结合的方法,和油/岩综合指纹类型曲线对比法.查明了这组同时代但不同成熟度的原油,各有其相应成熟级别(未成熟、低成熟、成熟和高成熟)的源岩.表明它们是不同成烃演化阶段的产物.研究证明,迄今柴达木盆地所找到的石油,大部分是低成熟的,而成熟和高成熟的油气资源还有很大的勘探前景. 相似文献
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对黔东南凯里地区虎47井中奥陶统大湾组轻质原油及其附近露头的中下奥陶统大湾组和红花园组灰岩晶洞和裂缝中的残余油苗进行了色谱、色-质谱及碳同位素测试分析,根据其分子地球化学特征和有机质成熟度,进行了油源对比。结果表明:原油及油苗的干酪根均来源于藻类植物,形成于还原环境;甲基菲指数揭示原油呈成熟油特征,而油苗则呈高成熟油特征。经碳同位素对比(特别是单体烃同位素对比)认为,原油及油苗均是来源于本区下寒武统牛蹄塘组泥质烃源岩,但形成期次有所不同,为同源不同期的产物。 相似文献
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大王北洼陷精细油源对比 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
应用饱和烃生物标志化合物、芳烃、碳同位素和轻烃等地球化学分析资料,多种方法相结合,详细对大王北洼陷3个油田原油进行了油油和油源对比研究。结果表明：大王北洼陷原油具有4种成因类型,分别为来源于沙四段、沙三段、沙一段烃源岩的“沙三型原油”、“沙四型原油”、“沙一型原油”和来源于2套或3套烃源岩的“混合型原油”。“沙三型原油”分布于大王北油田和大65油田,而其它类型原油在英雄滩油田均有分布,并且以受沙三段烃源岩影响的“混合型”为主。沙三段烃源岩是大王北洼陷的主力烃源岩,主力油层内的石油主要是由该层烃源岩贡献的。不同烃源岩的生烃潜力、埋藏生烃演化历史和圈闭的发育历史共同影响了原油类型的分布。 相似文献
7.
Lupanoid hydrocarbons are known to occur in several petroleum systems, and lupane (C30) has recently been confirmed to exist in several crude oils. In contrast, norlupanes (C29) and bisnorlupanes (C28) are rarely observed in oil. All of these compounds are considered to derive from natural products of angiosperms, and numerous examples of their functionalized analogs are known. The occurrence of C28 and C29 lupanoids in biochemical and geochemical systems is reviewed here, and the presence and origin of their hydrocarbon analogs in crude oils are examined in detail. Although direct biochemical precursors for the lupane of crude oil are evident, such precursors for norlupane and bisnorlupane are not obvious. Nor is it clear if the C28 and C29 analogs are diagenetic descendants from the lupane structure. Adding additional confusion is the occurrence of these analogs in oils which show numerous indications of post-source molecular addition during migration and entrapment, making it unclear if they originate from a conventional source rock or from carrier or seal rock. Despite these uncertainties, there is extensive potential – some of which has already been realized – to use these compounds in oil–oil and oil-source rock correlations, particularly in instances where extensive biodegradation has occurred. Deconvolution of the time(s) of introduction of norlupane and bisnorlupane into the fluid – as well as various other hydrocarbons, including olefins – also provides great potential as a tool for mapping the migration history of an oil. 相似文献
8.
G.T Philippi 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(10):1353-1373
In recent surface sediments there is no indication of any of the saturated C3–C7 gasolinerange hydrocarbons which are so common in petroleum. Appreciable gasoline-range hydrocarbon generation (85–180°C) of 80 ppm by weight of dry rock, or more, occurs only with increased temperature due to deeper burial, below about 8000 ft in the Los Angeles basin and below 12,500 ft in the Ventura basin. Because of the lower temperature gradient in the Ventura basin, the zone of substantial gasoline generation is considerably deeper there than in the Los Angeles basin. However, the subsurface temperature range over which substantial gasoline generation occurs is practically the same in the two basins. This demonstrates that the subsurface temperature, not depth, is the controlling factor in gasoline generation in source rocks. For appreciable gasoline generation somewhat higher subsurface temperatures are required than for equivalent generation of heavy hydrocarbons boiling above 325°C. Appreciable generation of the C1–C4 wet gas components of 75 ppm by weight of dry rock, or more, takes place quite deep also; in the Los Angeles basin it occurs below 10,000 ft.The composition of the gasoline-range hydrocarbons generated changes gradually with increasing depth, temperature and age of the shales. In deep strata the gasolines from shale cannot be distinguished from the gasolines of waxy crude oils in the same basin. The gasoline-range hydrocarbons mature with depth, temperature and age of the sediments, very much like the heavy hydrocarbons investigated earlier.Based on the similarity of analyses of heavy as well as of gasoline-range hydrocarbons from crude oils and from certain deep shales, a secure identification has been made of mature oil source beds in the Los Angeles and San Joaquin Valley oil basins of California. The combined results of these studies provide strong evidence for the origin of petroleum from the organic matter of sediments. 相似文献
9.
通过系统采集新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组和条湖组各套烃源岩岩心样品以及条湖组凝灰岩段原油样品,研究各套烃源岩的基本地球化学特征、烃源岩和 原油饱和烃生物标志化合物特征、抽提物/原油以及族组分的稳定碳同位素特征等,探讨了凝灰岩油藏的原油来源。结果表明：芦草沟组二段烃源岩的质量最好;各套泥质烃源岩可溶有机质生物标志化合 物特征具有明显的差异,主要表现在Pr/Ph、 γ蜡烷含量、β-胡萝卜烷含量以及规则甾烷ααα20RC27、ααα20RC28、ααα20RC29相对含量等方面;条湖组凝灰岩油藏中原油具有低Pr/Ph、高γ蜡 烷含量、高β-胡萝卜烷含量以及规则甾烷ααα20RC27、ααα20RC28、ααα20RC29中ααα20RC29最高和ααα20RC27最低(谱图呈上升直线型)、原油及族组分稳定碳同位素较轻的特点;油源对比 显示凝灰岩油藏的原油主要来自芦草沟组二段烃源岩,但也有凝灰岩自身有机质的贡献。 相似文献
10.
The development of three Tertiary deltaic complexes has resulted in the deposition of up to 10 km of sandstones and shales comprising the sources and reservoirs for crude oils that occur onshore, near-offshore and, with future exploration efforts, those likely to be encountered in deepwater reservoirs north of the Brunei coastline. We examined a series of offshore oils and onshore rock samples in Brunei Darussalam (a) to delineate oil family groups and their source rock characteristics, and (b) to assess the source potential of the sedimentary sequence with respect to lithology and depositional setting. Twelve offshore oils and 53 shales, coaly shales and coals were examined. The oils contain indicators of allochthonous (e.g. bicadinanes, oleananes) and autochthonous (e.g. cholestanes and methylcholestanes) components in the source organic matter. Predictable geographic variations of this mixed input are clearly evident in the sample set (e.g. allochthonous input appears to increase in offshore Brunei to the northeast). Although this molecular source signature is relatively clear, migration of these oils from deep (and unidentified) source rocks has resulted in extensive migration-contamination with respect to the tetracyclic and pentacyclic hydrocarbons. This contamination has resulted in strong correlations between certain molecular maturity indicators and the present-day temperature of the reservoirs. Liquid hydrocarbon source rock potential is present in the tidal and coastal embayment facies, and is greatest in the Miocene coals. Neither the shales nor coaly shales contain significant oil generative potential. The thermal immaturity of the sample set precludes valid oil–source rock correlations without conducting artificial maturation experiments on the coals. 相似文献
11.
Xu Weimin 《中国地球化学学报》1987,6(1):76-86
Characteristics have been studied of light hydrocarbons (C1–C7) from crude oils and source rocks ranging from Devonian to Triassic in age in the Jurong Basin where carbonate rocks are dominating. The results show that light hydrocarbon compositions (C1–C7) can be used to classify organic matter types and maturities as well as to make oil-source rock correlations. It is also an effective method in organic geochemical studies of oils, gases and source rocks in terrains of old carbonate rocks. 相似文献
12.
Forty-six crude oil samples were selected from the Ordovician in the northwestern part of the Tahe oilfield for detailed molecular geochemical and isotopic analysis, including group compositions, carbonhydrogen isotopes and gas chroma-tograms of saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the characteristics of terpane, sterane and other biomarkers, indicating that crude oils are of the same origin from different districts in the Tahe oilfield and were derived from the same source kitchen (or oil source formation), i.e., mainly stemming from marine hydrocarbons. Detailed studies of oil physical properties of 25-honpane revealed that such oils have heavy or thick oil qualities due to biodegradation. Comprehensive assessment in terms of five maturity parameters shows that the oils from the Ordovician with Ro values varying from 0.80% to 1.59% are widely distributed in the northwest of the Tahe oilfield. 相似文献
13.
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国第二大沉积盆地,中生界延长组富含丰富的油气资源。陇东地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,延长组长3段是该区重要的含油层系。在长3油层组原油特征和油源条件分析的基础上,对长3原油中含氮化合物组成和分布进行了探讨,结合成藏期分析,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长3油层组石油运移特征和注入方向。结果表明,长3油层组原油含氮化合物的分布与组成在纵向和横向上均存在明显的运移分馏效应,较好地指示了该区石油的运移。晚侏罗世至早白垩世,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7优质烃源岩进入生烃门限,并开始大量生烃,且以垂向、侧向、垂向-侧向交替式混合运移的方式,从盆地中心和生烃中心向西部和西南侧向运移和充注,油气充注点位于M18、Z71和Z49等井区周边区域。 相似文献
14.
John K. Volkman Robert Alexander Robert Ian Kagi Rohinton A. Noble Carry Wayne Woodhouse 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(12):2091-2105
A suite of crude oils and petroleum source rock extracts from the Barrow Sub-basin of Western Australia have been analysed for biological marker compounds by capillary GC-MS, and for volatile hydrocarbons by whole oil capillary GC. These analyses were used to calculate values for twenty-three biomarker parameters in order to assess aspects of source type, maturity, migration and biodegradation of the hydrocarbons.The crude oils had a source in the Upper Jurassic Dingo Claystone formation. These hydrocarbons accumulated in the reservoir sands and in some cases were biodegraded. Several accumulation and biodegradation episodes have been recognised while the basin continued to subside, which resulted in a suite of oils showing marked differences in composition. 相似文献
15.
油源对比微量元素地球化学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
原油中的微量元素地球化学组成可以应用于油源对比,指标可以归纳为3类:①所含元素的聚类分析及其所反映的元素分布总体特征;②不同族、不同类型元素的组成,特别是过渡族金属元素;③稀土元素。但对于哪些微量元素可以应用于油源对比,哪些具有普遍意义,在不同地区是否具有适用性,影响其油源对比应用有效性的因素有哪些,主控因素是什么,仍然不甚清楚,由此导致很多方面的认识还不甚成熟,成功应用的实例相对常规的有机地球化学研究不多。原油中的微量元素主要来源于外部成油和运聚环境,在原油生成和运聚过程中,通过烃—水—岩之间的复杂有机—无机相互作用以金属卟啉螯合物、有机络合物或吸附态的形式聚集于原油中,并且沥青质是原油中微量元素的主要载体,元素组成在此过程中发生分异。此外,原油在自身形成与演化过程中也会发生元素组成的分异,影响因素包括油源母质类型、成熟度、次生变化等。在这些过程中,元素地球化学性质的不同会使原油中的元素组成出现差异,基本不发生/少发生变化的元素即可能是好的油源对比指标,这是应用微量元素进行油源对比的原理和理论基础。 相似文献
16.
为了解析东营凹陷岩性油气藏的成因与成藏机理,采用地球化学途径对岩性油气藏最为发育的牛庄洼陷的原油、不同层位烃源岩进行了详细的烃类化学成分分析与精细油源对比研究.牛庄洼陷以沙三中为主的岩性(含透镜体)及其相关油气藏原油普遍具有低Pr/Ph值(<1)、相对较高的甾烷、伽玛蜡烷丰度等沙四上亚段烃源岩的特征,与沙三中烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1)无相关性,与沙三下亚段烃源岩(Pr/Ph>1、伽玛蜡烷含量低)也有明显的非相似性.沙三中亚段的岩性及其相关油气藏油气并非以沙三中为主力烃源岩,而是表现出沙三下特别是沙四上亚段烃源岩的某些特性,暗示以往所确认的透镜体等岩性油气藏极为发育的牛庄洼陷油气成因复杂,油气成藏模式很难用传统的“自生自储”来描述.沙三中岩性油气藏中混合了相隔数百米的沙四段成因油气指示隐蔽油气运移通道的存在. 相似文献
17.
G.T Philippi 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(1):33-52
Paraffinic crude oils are designated ‘primary’ because their composition is very close or identical to that of the hydrocarbons extracted from the corresponding oil source rocks. Heavy and medium-gravity naphthenic crude oils, on the other hand, typically are quite different compositionally from hydrocarbon mixtures in either mature or immature shales.The normal paraffin carbon number odd/even ratio 2C29/(C28 + C30) of all the heavy to medium-gravity crude oils which could be analysed are in exactly the same range as is observed for the primary paraffinic crude oils, namely 0.95–1.42. The naphthene indices of the medium to heavy gravity naphthenic crude oils and of the primary paraffinic crude oils from the same area are identical or close. These facts are significant because both the n-paraffin carbon number odd/even ratio and the naphthene index of shale hydrocarbons are strongly depth and subsurface temperature dependent. The facts observed demonstrate beyond question that, in the same area, the paraffinic precursors of the heavy to medium-gravity naphthenic crude oils are generated and expelled in the identical depth range, and from the same mature relatively deep oil source beds as the primary paraffinic crude oils. Later, during and/or after a generally upward migration into oil reservoirs, the primary crude may be transformed compositionally into a naphthenic crude oil.In none of the five widely scattered oil basins studied are medium to heavy naphthenic crude oils found at temperatures greater than a limiting subsurface temperature. The abruptness of the temperature cutoff of the change in oil compositions in all five oil basins, as well as the average value of the cutoff temperature of 66°C (150°F), leaves no doubt that the mechanism of this crude oil transformation process is microbial.Optical activity, which was observed in narrow saturate hydrocarbon fractions of the 80–325°C range of all microbially transformed crude oils, but not in the primary untransformed oils, is strong additional evidence for the microbial nature of the crude oil transformation process. The observed optical activity is explained by the microbial digestion at different rates of optical antipodes present in the primary paraffinic crude oils.To gain perspective the vast scale of the microbial oil transformation process in nature is pointed out. Billions of tons of heavy to medium-gravity naphthenic crude oils, originating from the microbial transformation of primary paraffinic oils, are present in oil fields and tar sands all over the world. 相似文献
18.
塔北隆起雅克拉油气田原油成因特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对雅克拉油气田多个含油气层位的原油,进行了一系列的地球化学测试分析,对雅克拉油气田原油的地球化学特征、成因特征进行了解剖。研究结果表明,雅克拉油气田深浅不同层位原油轻烃组成与轻烃单体烃碳同位素、类异戊二烯烷烃组成以及原油与馏分碳同位素组成具有明显的海相原油特征;深浅层原油三环萜烷、C28甾烷、三芳甾烷和甲基三芳甾烷以及原油与馏分碳同位素组成皆具有典型上奥陶统来源油的特征,与寒武-下奥陶统来源油特征差异明显,暗示雅克拉油气田原油来源于上奥陶统烃源层。 相似文献
19.
辽东凹陷南洼斜坡带旅大29油田在沙河街组二段获得了高产轻质原油和天然气，展现了良好的勘探潜力。为了进一
步明确其原油母质来源、沉积环境和烃源岩层位，对原油、油砂样品和围区烃源岩样品进行了系统的地球化学分析和油源
对比。研究结果表明，原油为低硫（0.0733%）、高蜡（20.77%） 的轻质成熟原油。原油样品饱和烃色谱完整，主峰碳为
C19，显示未遭受明显生物降解作用。油砂样品埋藏较浅，部分遭受生物降解等的影响，饱和烃色谱基线呈现明显的
“UCM”鼓包现象。原油和油砂样品具有低C19 三环萜烷/C23 三环萜烷（0.10~0.18）、低C24 四环萜烷/C26 三环萜烷（0.49~
0.53）、低C27重排甾烷/C27甾烷（0.30~0.43）、中等伽马蜡烷指数（0.14~0.17） 和中等-高4-甲基甾烷参数（0.30~0.36），且
具有相对较重的全油碳同位素值（-27.1‰）。原油母质形成于淡水—微咸水的湖泊沉积环境，母源有机质以藻类等低等水
生生物为主，陆源有机质输入较少。旅大29油田原油主要来源于辽中凹陷和辽东凹陷沙三段烃源岩，同时有少量辽中凹陷
沙四段烃源岩的贡献。研究区高蜡轻质原油的形成主要受控于烃源岩母质来源，藻类等低等水生生物是高蜡轻质原油形成
的重要母质。 相似文献
20.
辽东凹陷南洼斜坡带旅大29油田在沙河街组二段获得了高产轻质原油和天然气,展现了良好的勘探潜力。为了进一
步明确其原油母质来源、沉积环境和烃源岩层位,对原油、油砂样品和围区烃源岩样品进行了系统的地球化学分析和油源
对比。研究结果表明,原油为低硫（0.0733%）、高蜡（20.77%） 的轻质成熟原油。原油样品饱和烃色谱完整,主峰碳为
C19,显示未遭受明显生物降解作用。油砂样品埋藏较浅,部分遭受生物降解等的影响,饱和烃色谱基线呈现明显的
“UCM”鼓包现象。原油和油砂样品具有低C19 三环萜烷/C23 三环萜烷（0.10~0.18）、低C24 四环萜烷/C26 三环萜烷（0.49~
0.53）、低C27重排甾烷/C27甾烷（0.30~0.43）、中等伽马蜡烷指数（0.14~0.17） 和中等-高4-甲基甾烷参数（0.30~0.36）,且
具有相对较重的全油碳同位素值（-27.1‰）。原油母质形成于淡水-微咸水的湖泊沉积环境,母源有机质以藻类等低等水
生生物为主,陆源有机质输入较少。旅大29油田原油主要来源于辽中凹陷和辽东凹陷沙三段烃源岩,同时有少量辽中凹陷
沙四段烃源岩的贡献。研究区高蜡轻质原油的形成主要受控于烃源岩母质来源,藻类等低等水生生物是高蜡轻质原油形成
的重要母质。 相似文献